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| 313987386 | Yellow Journalism | -Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst -presents little or no legitimate well-researched news and instead uses eye-catching headlines to sell more newspapers | |
| 313987388 | Reverend Josiah Strong | -"Our Country" -trumpeted the superiority of Anglo-Saxon civilization and summoned Americans to spread their religion and their values to the "backward peoples". | |
| 313987389 | Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan | -(1890) "The Influence of Sea Power Upon History" -argued that control of the sea was the key to world dominance -helped stimulate the naval race among the great powers that gained momentum around the turn of the century. | |
| 313987391 | James G. Blaine | -Secretary of State -"Big Sister" policy- aimed to rally the Latin American nations behind America's leadership and to open Latin American markets to Yankee traders. | |
| 313987393 | America and Venezuela | -boundary within British Guiana and Venezuela in dispute. -Venezuela urges arbitration until gold discovered -Secretary of State Richard Olney declared that the British, by attempting to dominate Venezuela in this quarrel and acquire more territory, were flouting the Monroe Doctrine. (London should submit to arbitration) -Also informed Britain that the US was in control of the Western Hemisphere. -Britain denies relevance of the MD. -Cleveland sends message to congress "If the British will not accept this rightful boundary, the US will fight for it" | |
| 313987395 | Great Rapprochement | -agreement with US -neither country wants war -US gets land | |
| 313987397 | Hawaii | -attracted Americans(provisioning point for Yankee ships) -1820- first New England missionaries (Protestant Christianity) -1840s Americans see Hawaii as their property -1875- commercial reciprocity agreement -1887- treaty with native government(priceless naval-base rights) -McKinley Tariff(1890)- raised barriers against sugar - whites to annex HI, Queen opposes so whites revolt -treaty was not approved because Cleveland came into office -HI wasn't annexed until 1898 | |
| 314369794 | American Tariff of 1894 | -sugar production in Cuba crippled -high tariffs -US believed that if they did enough damage, Spain would be willing to move out or US would move in and help the Cubans win their independence. | |
| 314369795 | Spanish in Cuba | -threatened shipping routes of West Indies and Gulf of Mexico | |
| 314369796 | "Butcher" Weyler | -spanish general -wanted to crush the rebellions by herding many civilians into barbed-wire reconcentration camps, where they could not give assistance to insurrectos. (turned into big fight) | |
| 314369797 | 1896 resolution | -Congress passes resolution that calls upon President Cleveland to recognize the belligerency of the revolted Cubans. -Cleveland refused to pass it (if congress declared war, he would not issue the necessary order to mobilize the army) | |
| 314369798 | The Maine | -"yellow journalism" helps to invent atrocity stories -Hearst sends Frederic Remington to Cuba to draw sketches. (Remeington states they aren't bad enough to warrant hostilities) -Remington depicts Spanish customs officials disrobing American women -1898- Washington sends Maine to Cuba to protect and evacuate Americans if a dangerous flare-up should again occur -February 9, 1898- Hearst publishes letter written by Spanish minister (Dupuy de Lome). Describes McKinley on bad terms -February 15, 1898- Maine mysteriously blows up | |
| 314369799 | Madrid's agreement with Washington | -an end to the reconcentration camps -armistice with Cuban rebels -McKinley did not want hostilities | |
| 314369800 | Who wanted war? | - McKinley did not want to see anymore bloodshed (since after the Civil War) - Mark Hanna and Wall Street did not want war because of business -public wanted to fight (yellow press and Cuban exiles) -McKinley gives in because of public, no faith in Spain's promises, and Democrats would make campaign out of his stubbornness. | |
| 314369801 | Teller Amendment | -proclaimed that when the US had overthrown Spanish misrule, it would give Cubans their freedom. | |
| 314369802 | America vs. Spain | -Americans: regular army was unprepared : American navy was slightly less powerful than Spain's : Steel -Spain: navy in wretched condition | |
| 314369803 | Dewey's Victory | -February 25, 1898- Roosevelt cabled Commodore George Dewey (American station at Hong Kong) to descend upon Spain's Philippines. -Dewey sails on May 1, 1898 to Manila -Spanish fleet destroyed and Manila surrenders -Destroyed the fleet, but could not storm the forts of Manila with his sailors(not enough people) -August 13, 1898 captured Manila. | |
| 314369804 | Germans and Philippines | -Germans sent five vessels to Manila -Dewey threatened Germans | |
| 314369805 | Philippines and Hawaii | -focused more attention on HI -HI needed as a station for Dewey - July 7, 1898- resolution of annexation approved by McKinley -residents of HI granted citizenship | |
| 314369806 | Admiral Cervera | -commanded fleet of warships to Cuba -protested that his ships were flirting with suicide -found refuge in Santiago Harbor, but was blockaded by American fleets | |
| 314387562 | General William R. Shafter | -lead the invading force to drive out Cervera -unprepared | |
| 314387563 | "Rough Riders" | -apart of the invading army, was a regiment of volunteers consisting of cowboys and ex-athletes. -commanded by Colonel Leonard Wood -organized by Theodore Roosevelt | |
| 314387564 | El Caney and San Juan Hill Fighting | - July 1 -Colonel Roosevelt and Rough Riders charged | |
| 314387565 | July 3, 1898 | -Admiral Cervera's fleet was entirely destroyed -500 Spaniards killed, 1 death for the Americans -Santiago surrenders -August 12, 1898- armistice signed | |
| 314387566 | Paris 1898 | -Spanish and American negotiators meet. | |
| 314387567 | Guam | -Americans easily capture Guam. -Spanish had no cable and did not know what was going on | |
| 314387568 | Puerto Rico | -captured Puerto Rico -last remnant of Spain's empire | |
| 314387569 | The issue of Spanish lands | -McKinley did not feel that America could honorably give back islands to Spain -Filipinos might fall into anarchy -One of the major powers (Germany) may try to seize them -Wall Street felt that they would gain profit in the Philippines. -McKinley wants to Christianize Philippines and civilize them | |
| 314387570 | French disputes with Spanish | -once McKinley decided to keep the Philippines -Americans agreed to pay Spain $20 million for the Islands -Best bargain Spanish ever had | |
| 314419763 | Anti-Imperialist League | -sprang up and fought the McKinley administration's expansionist moves -June 15, 1898, the Anti-imperialist league formed to fight U.S. annexation of the Philippines -For: patriotism, annexation, stressed opportunities for exploiting islands | |
| 314419764 | Election of 1900 | -In the Senate, the Spanish treaty ran into such opposition that is seemed doomed to defeat. Democratic presidential candidate for the election of 1900, William J. Bryan used his influence on Democratic senators to get the treaty approved on February 6, 1899 | |
| 314419765 | William J. Bryan | -argued that the war would not officially end until America had ratified the pact. -after this, the treaty was approved | |
| 314419766 | Foraker Act of 1900 | -Congress gave the Puerto Ricans a limited degree of popular government and, in 1917, granted them U.S. citizenship. - The American regime in Puerto Rico worked wonders in education, sanitation, transportation, and other improvements. | |
| 314419767 | Insular Cases(1901) | -several U.S. Supreme Court cases concerning the status of territories acquired by the U.S. in the Spanish-American War | |
| 314419768 | 1902 | -US withdraws from Cuba to honor the Teller Amendment -Cubans forced to write their own constitution of 1901 (Platt Amendment) The constitution decreed that the United States might intervene with troops in Cuba in order to restore order and to provide mutual protection. The Cubans also promised to sell or lease needed coaling or naval stations to the U.S. | |
| 314419769 | Overview of Spanish-American War | -only lasted 113 days, American prestige as a world power increased. -One of the greatest results of the war was the bonding between the North and the South. |
