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| 339734515 | London Economic Conference (1933) | goal to develop a worldwide solution to the Great Depression, wanted a stabilized currency for the revival of world trade, composed of 66 nations - Roosevelt did not send an American delegation because it would allow the deflation of the American dollar | |
| 339734516 | Tydings-McDuffie Act of 1934 | provided for the independence of Philippines after a 12 year period of econimc, political tutelage | |
| 339734517 | Platt Amendment | Allowed the United States to intervene in Cuba and gave the United States control of the naval base at Guantanamo Bay. | |
| 339734518 | Good Neighbor Policy (1933) | FDR's foreign policy of promoting better relations w/Latin America by using economic influence rather than military force in the region | |
| 339734519 | Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act of 1934 | - activated low-tariff policies - relief & recovery which boosted American trade - amended Hawley-Smoot by lowering rates 50% provided that others do the same - allowed Roosevelt to control taxes - foreign trade increased - free trade international economic system | |
| 339734520 | Hawley-Smoot Tariff | charged a high tax for imports thereby leading to less trade between America and foreign countries along with some economic retaliation | |
| 339734521 | Joseph Stalin | Russian leader who succeeded Lenin as head of the Communist Party and created a totalitarian state by purging all opposition (1879-1953) | |
| 339734522 | Adolf Hitler | German Nazi dictator during World War II (1889-1945) | |
| 339734523 | Benito Mussolini | Fascist dictator of Italy (1922-1943). He led Italy to conquer Ethiopia (1935), joined Germany in the Axis pact (1936), and allied Italy with Germany in World War II. He was overthrown in 1943 when the Allies invaded Italy. | |
| 340091728 | Secretary of State Cordell Hull | - Pursued the "Good Neighbor Policy" - Responsible for U.S. foreign relations before and during the attack on Pearl Harbor - low tariffs help encourage trade --> nation sells as it buys | |
| 340091729 | Rome-Berlin Axis | - Alliance between Nazi Hitler and Fascist Mussolini (1936) - "international gangsterism" - communist and fascist regimes taking control | |
| 340091730 | Fascist Italy | Angry over failure to receive territory after WWI. Mussolini, growth of socialists, fascist movement gains support from industrialists. - attacked Ethiopia for imperialism (1935) | |
| 340091731 | Johnson Debt Default Act | 1934 prevented debt dodging nations from further borrowing money from the US | |
| 340091732 | Who were blamed for WWI? | American bankers and manufacturers who made money from the war - if traffic cannot be removed, war cannot be avoided | |
| 340091733 | Neutrality Act of 1936 | If President proclaims war, Americans CANNOT make loans out to foreign nations | |
| 340091734 | Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) | In 1936 a rebellion erupted in Spain after a coalition of Republicans, Socialists, and Communists was elected. General Francisco Franco led the rebellion. The revolt quickly became a civil war. The Soviet Union provided arms and advisers to the government forces while Germany and Italy sent tanks, airplanes, and soldiers to help Franco. This ended up scaring the American nationalists. | |
| 340091735 | Japanese invasion of Beijing | - Roosevelt declined to call the incasion as a reason to declare war - Japanese continued to buy war supplies from US | |
| 340091736 | Panay (1937) | Warship that Roosevelt sent over to Japan for observation, US was neutral but they attacked ship 3 times. Japanese apologized and payed indemnity. | |
| 340091737 | 1935-1938 | - Hitler invades Austria, Sudentenland, German Rhineland - start of military service in Germany | |
| 340091738 | Nonaggression Treaty | Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union make this agreement during the beginning of WWII. One won't attack the other unless one attacks another. - it allowed Hitler to attack Poland and other western democracies - Soviets will back him up - everyone hoped they would become enemies>opposite | |
| 340091739 | Neutrality Act of 1939 | allow trade but prevent foreign entanglements by requiring warring nations to pay cash for non-military goods, and trasnport them in their ships | |
| 340091740 | Neutrality Act of 1937 | made it illegal for American citizens to travel on belligerents' ships | |
| 340091741 | Where did Hitler attack? | Denmark, Norway, Netherlands, Belgium, Poland | |
| 340091742 | Munich Conference of 1938 | During the Munich Conference of 1938, Britain and France met with Hitler, allowing him to take over Czechoslovakia as long as he agreed to expand no further. The agreement was seen as an assurance of peace. (Fail) | |
| 340091743 | Havana Conference | U.S. warned Germany it could not take over colonies in Americas; Americans called upon Latin American countries to uphold the Monroe Doctrine in response to prevent any fascist countries to make their way across the Atlantic | |
| 340091744 | Battle of Britain | an aerial battle fought in World War II in 1940 between the German Luftwaffe (air force), which carried out extensive bombing in Britain, and the British Royal Air Force, which offered successful resistance. | |
| 340091745 | Committee to Defend America by Aiding the Allies | 1940 - Formed by isolationists who believed that the U.S. could avoid going to war by giving aid in the form of supplies and money to the Allies, who would fight the war for us. | |
| 340091746 | Destroyer Deal | 1940 - U.S. agreed to "lend" its older destroyers to Great Britain. (Destroyers were major warships that made up the bulk of most countries' navies.) Signaled the end of U.S. neutrality in the war. | |
| 340091747 | Robert A. Taft | original Republican candidate for election of 1952; Republican Leader of the Senate from OH; was too extreme to be elected, so Republicans dropped him - Warned that the United States could not afford to police all Europe without sidetracking domestic policies and undercutting the UN | |
| 340091748 | Thomas E. Dewey | The Republican presidential nominee in 1944, Dewey was the popular governor of New York. Roosevelt won a sweeping victory in this election of 1944. Dewey also ran against Harry Truman in the 1948 presidential election. Dewey, arrogant and wooden, seemed certain to win the election, and the newspapers even printed, "DEWEY DEFEATS TRUMAN" on election night. However, the morning results showed that Truman swept the election, much to Dewey's embarrassment. | |
| 340091749 | Wendell Wilkie | The Republican nominee for president in the 1940 election, he was a surprise nominee as he had never before run for public office; He criticized the New deal but largely agreed with Roosevelt on preparedness and giving aid to Britain short of actually entering the war. His strongest criticism of Roosevelt was regarding his decision to break the two term tradition established by George Washington. | |
| 340091750 | New Deal | President Franklin Roosevelt's precursor of the modern welfare state (1933-1939); programs to combat economic depression enacted a number of social insurance measures and used government spending to stimulate the economy; increased power of the state and the state's intervention in U.S. social and economic life. | |
| 340091751 | Lend-Lease Bill | - economic (unofficial) declaration of war , The United States would loan supplies to countries fighting Hitler. Payment would be worked out after the war. | |
| 340091752 | June of 1941 | - Hitler invades Soviet Union | |
| 340091753 | Atlantic Conference | (1941) Idealistic meeting between Roosevelt and Churchill based on the Fourteen Points | |
| 340091754 | Antlantic Charter | issued by Roosevelt and Churchill - signed in August 1941, it was the British and American blueprint for what the world would look like after the end of WWII | |
| 340091755 | Shoot-on-Sight Policy | FDR ordered the U.S. Navy to escort British ships carrying Lend-Lease Materials. This policy allowed Navy to destroy German U Boats This occurred after the US destroyer Greer was attacked by a U Boat | |
| 340091756 | Pearl Harbor | American base in Hawaii that was bombed by Japanese planes on December 7, 1941. The bombing of Pearl Harbor forced the United States to enter the war. | |
| 340091757 | Mexican Oil Expropriation | - federal government takes control of all of countries oil reserves and natural resources as a means of protection of foreign American businesses and private investigations | |
| 340091758 | Nazi Party | German political party joined by Adolf Hitler, emphasizing nationalism, racism, and war. When Hitler became chancellor of Germany in 1933, the Nazi Party became the only legal party and an instrument of Hitler's absolute rule. | |
| 340091759 | Nye Committee | In 1934 Senator Gerald P. Nye of North Dakota held hearings to investigate the country's involvement on WW1; this committee documented the huge profits that arms factories had made during the war | |
| 340091760 | General Francisco Franco | In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Franco led the Fascists, fighting republican forces. In 1939, the Fascist forces won (with help from Italy and Germany). Franco ruled until his death in 1975. | |
| 340091761 | FDR's Quarantine Speech | FDR proposing that democracies ban together to "quarantine" Japan or any other aggressor nation that broke world peace. | |
| 340091762 | Holocaust | mass genocide of Jewish people and other minority groups in Germany during the dictatorship of Hitler and his Nazi party | |
| 340091763 | Austrian Annexation | German annexation of Austrian violated the provisions of the Versailles Treaty, despite popular vote in Austria to be unified with Germany. The allied powers however, lacked the will or courage to prevent it. | |
| 340091764 | Sudetenland | an area in western Czechoslovakia that was coveted by Hitler (German speaking) | |
| 340091765 | Appeasement | practice of giving in to an aggressor nation's demands in order to keep peace (US and GB gave into the demands of Hitler) | |
| 340091766 | Invasion of Poland | Hitler invaded Poland Sept. 1,1939. After signing the non-aggression pact HItler had a surprise attack, German tanks and troops rumbled across the Polish border at the same time Warsaw was being bombed. |
