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APUSH- Chapter 3 & 4 Flashcards

Terms and Names from Mr. Tucker's class

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25963134mercantilisma country's power is derived from its wealth, increasing wealth requires vigorous trade, and colonies are essential to that growth. AKA the idea of unending growth. Favorable balance of trade: gold enters and goods exit.0
25963135Navigation Acts(1651) First Navigation Act- made by parliament to hurt Dutch economy, required English crops to be sent only to England or English colonies on ships that were England/English Colony made, had ½ English crew and master. 1660- Second Navigation Act- made by restoration government, same only ship crews had to be ¾ English, and enumerated commodities had restrictions.1
25963136Enumerated Commodities(late 1600s) sugar, tobacco and other products which could be shipped only to England or other English colonies, with the purpose of England having a monopoly on English colony produced tobacco and sugar, the highest fetching products.2
25963137Staple Act of 1663Parliament regulates the goods going to the colonies, often everything had to come through England from foreign countries before going to the colonies.3
25963138Lords of TradeEnglish government officials sent to America to enforce Navigation Acts.4
25963139Demographic Differences w/in Colonies(1600s) colonies that were farthest apart were the most different, most pronounced differences: life expectancy, sex ration & family structure.5
25963140Praying Townsseries of seven towns along the coast which housed Indian survivors of disease in 1670s, created by John Eliot of Roxbury Church, they were converted to Christianity.6
25963141King Philip's (Metacom's) War1675) War begun between Plymouth and Wampanogs but which escalates to include Massachusetts and Connecticut as well as the Nargasett tribe. Really bad, massacres on both sides, Indians better shots. Completed with a load of massacres by the Mohawks and some religious babble by the Europeans.7
25963142Iroqsuois Nationsfive nations of North Eastern Indian tribes forming the Iroquois League which vowed not to wage war on one another. They had a friendly relationship with New York governor, Edmund Andrus8
25963143The Covenant Chaina peace agreement between the five Iroquois Nations and the colonial New York.9
25963144Mourning Warswars between tribes or within tribes initiated by the widow, bereaved mother or sister of a deceased loved one who insisted her male relatives repair the loss. A raid was then launched on the assailants and captives were taken.10
25963145Susquehannocksstrong, Iroguoian-speaking people with firearms, involved in Virigian Indian War after mistakenly attacked as Doegs.11
25967347William BerkelyVirginian governor who governed during war with the Doegs and Sushquehannocks.12
25967348Bacon's RebellionNathaniel Bacon leads a group of frontiersmen to find the Susquehannocks and finds a friendly tribe of Occaneechees, who offer to attack S's. They do, take captives, then Bacon kills them.13
25967349James II(1685-1688) Duke of York, succeeds Charles II, is deposed in the Glorious Revolution by Protestant opposition and replaced by William and Mary, imposed crack down on American, making more imperial14
25967350Whigs and ToriesWhigs are pro-country, opposition to the king, opposed standing army, wanted reform of parliament, largely protestant, organized by Lord Shaftsbury. Tories are pro-court, advocate increase in war making capabilities, a standing army, sided with James II, supported Lords of Trade, wanted the legitimate succession.15
25967351Popish Plotbelief by the Whigs that the papacy was conspiring with James II and Tories for Catholics to take over the world, by gaining advantage in powerful positions over protestants.16
25967352Glorious Revolution1688) deposition of James II by Whig majority in parliament replaced by William and Mary.17
25967353William and Mary(1609-1702) Dutch regents who were put on the English throne after Glorious Revolution, protestant, signed the English Bill of Rights.18
25967354Dominion of New England(1686) James II trying to control whole of New England. Dominion includes Massachusettes, New Hampshire, Plymouth, Rhode Island, Conneticutt, New York and East and West Jerseys. Edmund Andros (autocratic governor of NY) used appointive council and moving court to govern, imposed religious tolerance- puritans tolerate Anglicans- enforced Navigation Acts and land taxes.19
25967355Salem Witch Trials(1692-93) Daughters of prominent Salem officials, including governor, Paris, accused old era opponents of new government of witchcraft. Largely resulted from chaos of Metacom's War.20
25967356Mixed and Balanced Constitutionkings, lords, commons- reflects society, had a sort of limit of power. In the colonies, king=crown-appointed governor, lords=appointed assembly, and commons=elected assembly.21
25967357Imperial FederalismCentral government with more localized governments doing smaller things, the crown wants more control. Used system of kings, lords, and commons.22
25967358Edmund Andros(1674-89) autocratic governor of New York, in 1686, governor of Dominion of New England23
25967359Jacob Leisler1689 led rebellion which captured Fort James and renamed it Fort William, Protestant.24
25967360Sir Robert Walpole(1721-42) leader of Whig party opposed by conservative Whigs and Tories.25
25967361Taos Pueblo Revoltprolonged drought and outside attacks from Indians made Pueblo Indians return to non-christian religion, rebelled against Spanish repressors, led by Pope, medicine man, (1675), were fairly victorious, but failed to stop droughts/attacks so were again conquered in 90s.26
25967362New France and the Middle Ground1600s France dealings with Indians. They were much more accommodating of Indian traditions, methods, which made Indians trust them more, using Algonquin shield against the Iroquois.27
25967363La Salle1682 French dude? Rene-Robert Cavelier traveled down Mississippi and claims Louisiana.28
25967364Louisiannaclaimed in 1682 by La Salle, French.29
25967365Primogeniturecommon law right of first born son to inherit majority, reverted to in America after increasing populations forced Americans to anglicanize30
25967366King William's War(1689-97) Sir William Phips (Mass) forced Acadia to surrender, went to attack Quebec, but failed. Basically France v. England.31
25967367Queen Anne's War(1702-13) French and Indians destroy Deerfield, Mass, capture; many women converted and stayed with French, French v English.32
25967368gang labortobacco plantation method of organizing slaves into groups, supervising closely, and keeping in fields all day.33
25967369Task systemused with rice plantations, in the south, slaves have certain chores every day, then free time their own.34
25967370Charlestonfounded (1663) by Lords Proprietor, eight friends of Charles II, in South Carolina.35
25967371staple cropaka cash crop used for export, not sustenance, ie tobacco, sugar, rice, wheat.36
25967372redemptionersa new form of indentured service that was attractive to married couples- allowed them to pick their "master". Most in Pennsylvania.37
25967373Benjamin Franklin(1706-90) "the first civilized American." Printing press, enlightenment ideas, called for unification of colonies at Albany Assembly.38
25967374James Oglethorpe(1732) obtains charter for Georgia colony and leads that effort. Retaliates against Spanish during War of Jenkin's Ear to fufill Georgia's obligation to protect South Carolina by invading Florida in 1740.39
25967375Great Awakening(mid-1730s to early 1740s) immense religious revival in protestant world: England, Scotland, Ulster, New England, mid-Atlantic colonies, South Carolina. Emotional calls for spiritual rebirth. Results in increased Baptist and Methodist numbers.40
25967376Eliza Lucas Pickneypioneered indigo industry in South Carolina.41
25967377Hanoverian Dynastythe Georges- George I (1714) and II.42
25967378Paper Money (Fiat)used in place of gold. Loved by debtors, hated by lenders, because often fluctuates, depreciates in value. Implemented in colonial America.43
25967379John Peter Zengerlaunched New York Weekly Journal in 1733. Acquitted of "seditious libel" for criticizing government officials44
25967380Guy Fawkes' DayNovember 5th, every year a North End mob and a South End mob bloodied each other for the privilege of burning effigies of the pope, the devil and the Stuart pretender to the British throne.45
25967381Scots-Irishmostly from Ulster, 1720+ left for America to avoid increase in rent, greater trading privileges, first to New England: intro'd linen, then South Delaware valley.46
25967382George Whitefieldfirst in theater, then Anglican minister, gave powerful, emotional speeches, instrumental in Revivals, preached in open fields.47
25967383anglicizing of colonial America(mid 1700s) Because of increasing population, the colonists were forced to revert to British techniques such as the first son inheriting the majority, higher dependence on British imports, gentry, fashion, mansions newspapers.48
25967384THE OLD SOUTHslavery integral to development of a society consisting of wealthy slaveholding planters, a much larger class of small planters, and thousands of slaves.49
25967385Growth of Slavery (mid 1700s)1755 = peak of African slave trade to North America. 90% went to southern colonies.50
25967386Pluralism in Pennsylvaniaethnic and religious complexity resulting from the high immigration rates. After 1720, Germans and Irish were most abundant immigrants.51
25967387Backcountrymany Scots-Irish and Germans pushed west into the mountains, river valleys of Virginia and Carolinas. Many farmed, hunted or raised cattle. Had very little anglicizing, and was clannish and violent.52
25967388Enlightenment in Americarejected vengeful God, exalted man's capacity for knowledge and social improvement. Tilotson influential- morality over dogma. Most Harvard graduated ministers embraced this view, that of no hell or divinity of Jesus.53
25967389John Wesleyfounder of Holy Club: High Church (into orthodoxy, ritual and liturgy) who did crazy things, ie were methodical in their religious practices, and were referred to as Methodists. Preached in America and Europe, life mission: to convert sinners.54
25967390Gilbert Tennentson of William Tennent, Sr. Set up Log College- trained evangelical preachers. (1740) Sermon: The Dangers of an Unconverted Ministry. Firm believer in conversion experience over orthodoxy.55
25967391Jonathon Edwardsonly remaining Protstant/Non-Anglican member of Yale faculty in 1722. 1734-35 Revival in Connecticut, ended with suicide of follower because of sins' burden. Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Work of God (1737) explained revival as emotional response to God's word bringing sudden conversion.56
25967392Country Constitutionsthe southern colonies' "politics of harmony" system with mutual flattery between the elected assembly and governor. Resulted in cessation of public controversy. Followed "country" principles of British opposition.57
25967393Court Constitutionsthe northern colonies' system of political factions, with governors using patronage to reward/discipline to achieve their large vision of public welfare.58
25967394Native American Tradecolonists along the frontier traded with Native Americans, often to maintain friendly relations with them. During the mid-1700s, it was more favorable for the Native Americans to trade with the British because their goods were of the same quality but less expensive than those of the French. This, in part, led to the French-Indian War.59
25967395Stono Rebellion(1739) most violent slave revolt in history of 13 colonies, inspired by Spanish Florida offering British colony slaves liberty and Mose. South Carolina.60
25967396War of Jenkin's Ear(1739) Britain v. Spain- nobody really accomplished anything, but British colonies gained some patriotism. Georgia invades Florida.61
25967397King George's War(1744-48) France v. Britain- started with British victory, but gave way to defeat. Ended by Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle.62
25967398Breaking the Covenant Chainprevious alliances between British colonies and Iroquois Nations were not kept up, and intrusions by British on Mohawk land led to "cold shoulder" incident, where talks were completely ceased.63
25967399Albany Congress(1754) intercolonial congress to redress Iroquois grievances.64
25967400French and Indian War (Seven Years War)(1754-63) between France/Indians, England. Result of British conquest west of Mississippi65
25967401Role of Native Americansintegral to success of French during French and Indian War, because of superior fighting techniques.66
25967402Edward BraddockBritish professional commander sent to North America who tried to cross the mountains to attack the French fort on the Ohio River.67
25967403Governor Shirlygovernor of Massachusetts (1741-56). Commanded the British armed forces in America in the French-Indian War. Led the forced-expulsion of French from Acadia.68
25967404Battle of Lake George(1755) French under Dieskau defeated by British under Johnson.69
25967405Battle of Quebec(1759) British forces under Wolfe successfully repel French forces under Montcalm, though both officers are mortally wounded. European style fighting.70
25967406William Pitt(1757) British war minister, understood colonies, didn't coerce, used consent, worked out rank problems, imposed discipline on Colonists, gave monetary incentive for colonies to help war effort71
25967407Peace of Paris(1763) peace agreement signed to end Seven Years War/ French Indian War. British dominated outside of Europe.72

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