Mr. Russel's APUSH class 2012 Chapter 6 terms
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| 438955066 | The Second Continental Congress | occured in 1775. all 13 colonies present-delegates still are not interested in independence but rather rederessing of grievances (conservative position). most significant act of Congress: selected George Washington to be the head of the continental army (selection was made largely by political northerners who wanted to bring Virginia into the war | |
| 438955067 | Declaration of the Causes and Necessity of Taking up Arms | document drafting 2nd set of appeals to the king and British people for the redress of American grivances written by Jefferson and Dickinson. Seen as intermediate step towards the Declaration of Independence--(Declaration and Resolves from 1st Continental Congress was earlier step). Adopted measures to raise money and to create an army and navy. | |
| 438955068 | Olive Branch Petition | document written largely by John Dickinson. It was the last ditch effort by moderates in the Continental Congress to prevent an all-out war. Once again, it professed their loyalty to the crown; sought to restore peace. Appealed to the king to intercede with Parliament to reconsider the "Intolerable Acts". The King refused to recognize Congress, however, and the war raged on. | |
| 438955069 | Ticonderoga and Crown Point | Battle in May 1775. Tiny forces under Ethan Allen and his Freen Mountain Boys of Vermont and Benedict Arnold of Connecticut surprised and captured Br. Garrisons. | |
| 439826170 | Battle of Bunker Hill | Battle on June 17th, 1775. First major battle of the revolution. Colonials seized Breed's Hill-commanded a strong position overlooking Boston. Over 1000 oncoming redcoats in ill-conceived frontal assault were mowed down by 1500 American sharpshooters.--Americans had 140 killed and 441 wounded. American supply of gunpowder ran out and were forced to abandon the hill in disorder.Viewed as an American victory for the frightful British casualties inflicted. French even noticed how badly the British were defeated. Bloodiest battle of the War for Independence. British Army left Boston to conduct the war from New York. Olive Branch petition was written at this time | |
| 439829062 | King George III | After the Olive Branch Petition he refused to recognize Congress and the war raged on. King of England at the time of the American Revolution. Following Bunker Hill, he formally proclaimed the colonies in open rebellion. | |
| 440383000 | Hessians | German mercenary soldiers who fought for the British in the American Revolution. Bringing them into the war was especially shocking to the colonists because they thought of it as a war between "Anglo-Saxon cousins". | |
| 440383001 | Loyalists | also called tories. They made up about 20% of the American population during the American revolution. They were colonists who fought for the return to colonial rule and were loyal to the king. Usually conservative, educated, wealthy, and fearful of "mob rule". The Older generation were more apt to belong to this party. Consisted of King's officers, beneficeries of the crown, and Anglican clergy and a large portion of their followers. They were well entrenched in aristocratic New York, Charleston, Quaker Pennsylvania, and New Jersey, and were least numerous in New England. Ultimately ineffective at gaining allegiance of neutral colonies, and were largely ignored by Great Britain. | |
| 440383002 | Patriots | also called whigs (after British opposition party). They were American rebels who fought both British soldiers and loyalists, most numerous in New England. They consitutued a minority movement and were more adept at gaining support from colonials. | |
| 440383003 | The Loyalist Exodus | the Loyalists regarded Patriots as traitors and as a result about 80,000 loyalists were driven out or fled colonies. Their estates were confiscated and sold, helping to finance the war. 50,000 of them fought for the British. | |
| 440383004 | Robert Morris | "The financer of the Revolution". He helped Congress finance the war. , an American merchant and a signer to the United States Declaration of Independence, the Articles of Confederation, and the United States Constitution. Significance: He played an important role in personally financing the American side in the Revolutionary War from 1781 to 1784. Hence, he came to be known as the 'Financier of the Revolution'. | |
| 440383005 | Seizing Loyalist Properties and Persecuting the Loyalists | 80,000 loyalists were driven out of or fled the colonies, leaving their estates to be confiscated and sold, playing part in the finance of the Revolution. The Patriots saw the Loyalists as traitors and treated them thus. | |
| 440383006 | Battle of Long Island | Battle in the Summer and Fall of 1776. Washington's army allowed to escape from Long Island to Manhattan and then to New Jersey. The British Lost a great opportunity to crush the Americans early on. | |
| 440383007 | Battle of Trenton | Battle in December of 1776. Washington crossed the ice-clogged Delaware River on December 26, 1776. At Trenton, they surprised and captured about 1000 Hessians who were sleeping off their Christmas partying. | |
| 440383008 | Battle of Princeton | Battle in January 1777. One week after Trenton, Washington defeated a smaller British force at Princeton. The British were forced to pull his outposts back to New York. Trenton and Princeton were both a gamble by Washington to achieve quick victories to revive the disintegrating Continental Army. | |
| 440383009 | Battle of Saratoga | Most important battle in the revolution. The British sought to capture New York and sever New England from the rest of the colonies. Benedict Arnold saved New England by slowing down British invasion of New York. General Burgoyne surrended the entire command at Saratoga on October 17th, 1777 to American General Horatio Gates. One of history's most decisive bat | |
| 440656561 | Benedict Arnold | Was originally a war hero, helping out significantly in the Battle of Saratoga by slowing down British invasion of New York, but became a traitor in 1780. He was frustrated with his treatment by his superiors despite his heroic service, and persuaded Washington to make him head of West Point. He then plotted with the British to sell out the key stronghold of West Point commanding the Hudson River, but the plot was accidentally discovered by Washington | |
| 440656562 | Unsuccesful Invasion of Canada | Americans failed to successfully invade Canada in 1775 | |
| 440656563 | American Advantages during the Revolution | The Americans had outstanding leadership e.g. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, etc., and had economic aid from France at the outset; later military aid was decisive. Defensive military tactics worked to their advantage, they were agriculturally self-sustaining, colonials were competent marksmen (better than redcoats) and they had moral advantage from belief in a just cause. | |
| 440656564 | Declaration of Independence | A document declaring the US to be independent of the British Crown, signed on July 4, 1776, by the congressional representatives of the Thirteen Colonies, including Thomas Jefferson, Benjamin Franklin, and John Adams. This was the turning point for French aid, as it showed the Americans "meant business", and the victory at Saratoga also helped Americans gain French aid, as it displayed an excellent change for defeating England. First time the colonies actually want to not be a part of England. | |
| 440656565 | Ethan Allen and his mountain boys | fought the British in Vermont and took Fort Ticonderoga; Gen. Montgomery and Benedict Arnold attacked Canada. Lead by Ethan Allen. | |
| 440656566 | George Washington | commander of the colonial army; while not a military genius, his integrity and judgment kept the army together. Ultimately, he was indispensable to the colonial cause. Led the Americans in multiple victories, such as Saratoga, Princeton, Long Island, and Trenton. Eventually became the first president. | |
| 440656567 | Battle of Manhattan | goes along with Battle of Long Island-Washington's army escaped from Long Island to Manhattan and then to New Jersey. |
