---Check out our YOUTUBE CHANNEL for more help: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCk-nPmzCoVv12ogaCGWb9tA--- All bold terms and important people from Chapter 8, America Secedes from the Empire, in the American Pageant textbook by Kennedy, Cohen, and Bailey.
Terms : Hide Images
| 2096461858 | Second Continental Congress | (1775-1781) Colonial convention that drafted the Declaration of Independence. | 0 | |
| 2096461859 | Bunker Hill | (1775) The British take heavy casualties, but force the colonial militia into retreat. | 1 | |
| 2096461860 | Olive Branch Petition | (1775) Colonial plea for peace that professed American loyalty. King George rejected it and continued war. | 2 | |
| 2096461861 | Hessians | German mercenaries hired by George III to help defeat the colonists. | 3 | |
| 2096461862 | Common Sense | (1776) Pamphlet by Thomas Paine that urged the colonists to proclaim independence and establish a republic. Helped incite colonists to support the revolution. | 4 | |
| 2096461863 | Declaration of Independence | (July 4, 1776) Thomas Jefferson's formal proclamation of independence that permitted Americans to appeal for foreign aid. | 5 | |
| 2096461864 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | (1789) French-revolution version of the Declaration of Independence that articulated civil rights. | 6 | |
| 2096461865 | Loyalists | ("Tories") Opposed to the American Revolution. | 7 | |
| 2096461866 | Patriots | ("Whigs") Supported the American Revolution. | 8 | |
| 2096461867 | Battle of Long Island | (1776) Colonial militia failed to gain control of New York. | 9 | |
| 2096461868 | Battle of Trenton | (1776) Washington raised the morale of his army by surprising and capturing a militia of sleeping Hessians. | 10 | |
| 2096461869 | Battle of Saratoga | (1777) Colonial victory in New York that helped to secure French aid against the British. | 11 | |
| 2096461870 | Model Treaty | (1776) Sample treaty designed to guide American diplomats in their negotiations with France. Called for ONLY a commercial partnership. | 12 | |
| 2096461871 | Armed Neutrality | (1780) Coalition of neutral naval powers to preserve trading rights during the Revolutionary War. | 13 | |
| 2096461872 | Treaty of Fort Stanwix | (1784) Treaty between the U.S. and pro-British Iroquois that yielded the Ohio country to the Americans. | 14 | |
| 2096461873 | Privateers | Privately owned ships approved by Congress to attack enemy ships during the American Revolution. | 15 | |
| 2096461874 | Battle of Yorktown | (1781) Washington, aided by the French, defeated British General Cornwallis while the French navy hindered the British reinforcements from entering the battle. | 16 | |
| 2096461875 | Treaty of Paris | (1783) Treaty ending the Revolutionary War. The British cede the land east of the Mississippi R. and the Americans promise to refurbish Loyalist property and repay debts. | 17 | |
| 2096461876 | Ethan Allen | American general who, with the aid of Benedict Arnold, captured British militias at Crown Point and Ticonderoga. | 18 | |
| 2096461877 | Benedict Arnold | American general who quickly built a flotilla and prevented the British from recapturing Fort Ticonderoga. He later betrayed America and plotted with the British. | 19 | |
| 2096461878 | Richard Montgomery | American general who captured Montreal, but was killed in the failed Quebec assault. | 20 | |
| 2096461879 | Thomas Paine | Author of Common Sense, which advocated for an independent republican government. | 21 | |
| 2096461880 | Richard Henry Lee | Asserted that the colonies "ought to be free and independent states." Jefferson formalized this assertion with the Declaration of Independence. | 22 | |
| 2096461881 | Lord Charles Cornwallis | British general that was cornered during the Battle of Yorktown and was forced to surrender his entire force. | 23 | |
| 2096461882 | William Howe | British general who suffered heavy casualties at Bunker Hill and thus decided not to pursue the American army after the Battle of Long Island. | 24 | |
| 2096461883 | John Burgoyne | ("Gentleman Johnny") British general who surrendered his entire force after the Battle of Saratoga. | 25 | |
| 2096461884 | Benjamin Franklin | American patriot/envoy that negotiated with the French to persuade them to aid the Americans against the British. | 26 | |
| 2096461885 | Comte de Rochambeau | French general who besieged the British by land with Washington in the Battle of Yorktown. | 27 | |
| 2096461886 | Nathanael Greene | ("Fighting Quaker") American general who exhausted Cornwallis's troops with a strategy of delay (constantly retreating). | 28 | |
| 2096461887 | Joseph Brant | Mohawk chief who urged several Indian tribes to side with the British, since he believed a British victory would restrain America's westward expansion. | 29 | |
| 2096461888 | George Rogers Clark | American general who seized the forts Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Vincennes. His success obliged the British to later cede the land north of the Ohio R. to the U.S. | 30 | |
| 2096461889 | Admiral de Grasse | French admiral who blockaded and prevented the British navy from sending reinforcements during the Battle of Yorktown. | 31 |
