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APUSH Chapters 1-4 Test Flashcards

This has vocabulary as well as general information that are in chapter 1-4 of the APUSH textbook.

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1688111133Mesoamericans cultivated what crop?maize0
1688111134The Andes region cultivated what crop?potatoes1
1688111135Which tribe built Tenochtitlan in 1325?Aztecs2
1688111136What did the Aztecs believe would sustain the land?human sacrifice3
1688111137What was Cuzco's population?60,0004
1688111138Multi-room structres made out of mud and stone by Pueblo peoplesAdobe5
1688111139What were the 3 g's of exploration?God, glory, gold6
1688111140Where did the first ancestors of the Native American peoples come from?northeastern Asia7
1688111141What was the foundation for the prosperous Native American societies in Mexico, Peru, and the Mississippi River Valley?cultivation of maize8
1688111142Which of the Pueblo peoples built miles across the desert in the American Southwest to facilitate trade?Anasazis9
1688111143True or false kinship bonds were more important than nuclear families in Native American tribes.True10
1688111144What was the social order in Europe around 1450 described as?hierarchical and authoritarian11
1688111145In 1450 what were the majority of European men?peasants12
1688111146Merchants from which of the following countries made inroads in the Arab- dominated trade routes of the Mediterranean in the twelfth century?Italy13
1688111147What was the result of the crusades?European merchants learned of Asian trade routes14
1688111148What idea do Calvanist theologians stress?predestination15
1688111149What prevented Europeans from seeking to conquer territory in Africa?Coastal kingdoms were well defended16
1688111150Why had Christopher Columbus faded from public view by the time he died in 1506?He didn't find any treasures or kingdoms17
1688111151Who conquered the Aztec empire in Mexico?Cortés18
1688111152Did the Native American peoples east of Mississippi River have a single style of political organization?no19
1688111153Why were the modern-day countries of Mexico and Peru originally the most significant conquests?The Inca, Aztecs, and Mayans had great wealth20
1688111154Who did the Spanish crown grant encomiendas to in the sixteenth century?conquistadors21
1688111155The tribes that lived in present-day Arizona and New Mexico around A.D. 1000 declined because of what?soil exhaustion and a drought22
1688111156What was the trading relationship of Native Americans before European contact?They only traded among local tribes23
1688111157In the 1490 when the Europeans arrived in the New World, where did most Native Americans live?Mesoamerica and the western coast of South America24
1688111158Which European nation was the first to invlove itself in exploration of the Atlantic as a route to Asia and the African slave trade?Portugal25
1688111159What did the encomienda granted by the Spanish crown in the 16th century consisted of...legal control over American land and Indian labor26
1688111160Did American crops increase agricultural yield and population growth in the Old World?yes27
1688111161What was the legacy of the Spanish conquest in the New World?The spanish government and missionaries started a campaign to suppress indigenous cultures.28
1688111162Why was the influx of American gold and silver into the English economy during the sixteenth century significant?It simulated further economic expansion29
1688111163Portuguese colonists in Brazil created an industry based on what resource?sugar30
1688111164What was the main product in the Virginia colony?tobacco31
1688111165What did the French Jesuits do in contrast to the Spanish missionaries of the sixteenth century?they tried to understand the Indians' worldview32
1688111166What colony venture failed to attract many settlers?Dutch colony of New Netherland33
1688111167City upon a Hill refers to which colony?Massachusets bay34
1688111168A system of political economy based on government regulation. Beginning in 1650, Britain enacted Navigation Acts that controlled colonial commerce and manufacturing for the enrichment of Britain. After 1790, the United States used tariffs and subsidies to bolster national wealth.mercantilism35
1688111169Dissenters from the Church of England who wanted a genuine Reformation rather than the partial Reformation sought by Henry VIII. Their religious principles emphasized the importance of an individual's relationship with God developed through Bible study, prayer, and introspection.Puritans36
1688111170A financial organization devised by English merchants around 1550 that facilitated the colonization of North America. In these companies, a number of investors pooled their capital and received shares of stock in the enterprise in proportion to their share of the total investment.joint- stock corporation37
1688111171A colony ruled by a king or queen and governed by officials appointed to serve the monarchy and represent its interests.royal colony38
1688111172A system of local government in New England in which all male heads of household met regularly to elect selectmen; levy local taxes; and regulate markets, roads, and schools.town meeting39
1688111173Fifty acres of free land granted by the Virginia Company to planters for each indentured servant they purchased.headright system40
1688111174Organ of government in colonial Virginia made up of an assembly of representatives elected by the colony's inhabitants. It was established by the Virginia Company and continued by the crown after Virginia was made a royal colony.House of Burgesses41
1688111175A system of bondage in which a slave has the legal status of property and so can be bought and sold like property.chattel slavery42
1688111176The Protestant Christian belief that God chooses certain people for salvation before they are born. Sixteenth- century theologian John Calvin was the main proponent of this doctrine, which became a fundamental tenet of Puritan theology.predestination43
1688111177One of the first Protestant groups to come to America, they sought a separation from the Church of England. They founded Plymouth, the first permanent community in New England, in 1620.pilgrims44
1688111178A system whereby workers were contracted for service for a specified period. In the seventeenth century, thousands of these workers came to North America. In exchange for agreeing to work for four or five years without wages, the workers received passage across the Atlantic, room and board, and status as a free person at the end of the contract period.Indentured Servitude45
1688111179Lord Baltimore, the founder of Maryland established the colony as a haven for who?Catholic46
1688111180What describes Africans in Virginia after the 1660s?African slavery became a permanent condition47
1688111181What did the French and Spanish aim to do in the New World?Christianize the native peoples48
1688111182Which of the following native groups capitalized on its geographic location in central New York and remained a significant political force in North America long after colonization?Iroquois49
1688111183Why did Plymouth begin to thrive after its first year while Jamestown struggled for many years?religious discipline encouraged stronger work ethic50
1688111184Which of the following New England colonies required church membership in order to be able to vote?Massachusetts Bay51
1688111185Metacom's war (King Philip's War) as a last effort to save what?Indian lands and culture in New England52
1688111186Who dominated the Chesapeake economy and own most land in Virginia?Wealthy, merchant elite53
1688111187Slavery replacing indentured servitude was a consequence of what?Bacon's Rebellion54
1688111188What did spanish conquistadors, Nathaniel Bacon's frontiersmen, and the Puritans have in common?They treated Native Americans brutally55
1688111189What was to goal of Jamestown?to trade56
1688111190Who did the Virginia Company grant land to?free men57
1688111191What was a result of the Indian War of 1622?one-third of the english were killed58
1688111192Who made Virginia a royal colony?James 159
1688111193What was the goal of Maryland settlement?Refuge for English Catholics60
1688111194What was the solution for Protestants that outnumbered Catholics?Maryland Toleration Act of 164961
1688111195Made blacks and their children property, or chattel for life of white mastersslave codes62
1688111196In 1620 half of the people in Plymouth were what?sepratists63
1688111197How many people came to Massachusetts in 1630?20,00064
1688111198Who was the first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony?John Winthrop65
1688111199Where was Roger Williams exiled to?Rhode Island66
1688111200What 2 colonies were Anne Hutchinson exiled to?Rhode Island and New York67
1688111201In what war was an English trader killed and 500 massacred?Pequots War68
1688111202In what year was the Pequot war?1636-163769
1688111203What kind of slave society was South Carolinas?hierarchial70
1688111204What products did North Carolina raise?corn, hogs, and tobacco71
1688111205In what year did North Carolina separate from South Carolina?171272
1688111206In what year did William Penn receive a charter from the king to establish a colony?168173
1688111207Pennsylvania's government allowed religious freedom for who?Christians74
1688111208Who created the Dominion of New England?James II75
1688111209Occurred because James IIs Catholic wife gave birth to a son, thus arousing fear of a return to CatholicismGlorious Revolution76
1688111210Who broke up the Dominion of New England?Mary and William77
1688111211Which colony had harsh working conditions?South Carolina78
1688111212Why did planters preferred ethnic diversity?to deter slave revolts79
1688111213What was the name of the language developed in African American communities?Gullah80
1688111214Who did the gentry imitate?the English Aristocracy81
1688111215When was the colony of Georgia founded?173382
1688111216Who founded the colony of Georgia?James Oglethorpe83
1688111217Who was the war of Jenkins Ear between?English vs. Spanish84
1688111218Placed tariff on French molasses but was not enforced well but led to smuggling.Molasses Act of 173385
1688111219Prohibited the use of publicly issued paper money to pay debtsCurrency Act of 175186
1688111220Which American colony was established in the 1660s as a haven for QuakersMassachusetts87
1688111221What describes the character of Britain's empire in America before 1660?haphazard and lax88
1688111222Britain won major territorial and commercial gains, including Newfoundland, Acadia, and the Hudson Bay region as well as access to the western Indian trade from what?Treaty of Utrecht89
1688111223The Spanish governor in Florida had promised freedom to fugitive slaves during what?Stono Rebellion90
1688111224Where did the Stono Rebellion take place?South Carolina91
1688111225When was the Stono Rebellion?173992
1688111226The British colonists in eighteenth- century North America enjoyed a significant degree of autonomy over their royal governors mainly due to...their control over governors' salaries93
1688111227What did english creditors increasingly refuse to accept?state issued paper money94
1688111228The practice of passing family land, by will or by custom, to the eldest son.primogeniture95
1688111229Spiritual beliefs that center on the natural world. Followers of this religion do not worship a supernatural God; instead, they pay homage to spirits and spiritual forces that they believe dwell in the natural world.animism96
1688111230A gender power structure in which men rule autocratically over women, either as heads of families or as rulers of society. This term has also been applied to government leaders who rule autocratically over their subjects.patriarchy97
1688111231Organizations of skilled workers in medieval and early modern Europe that regulated the entry into, and the practice of a trade. These organizations did not develop in colonial America because artisans generally were in short supply.guilds98
1688111232The primary avenue for trade for West Africans that passed through the Ghana, Mali, and Songhai empires. Caravans carried West African goods- including gold, copper, salt, and slaves- from the south to the north across the Sahara, then returned with textiles and other foreign goods.trans- Saharan trade99
1688111233The campaign by Spanish Catholics to drive North African Moors (Muslim Arabs) from the European mainland. After a centuries-long effort to recover their lands, the Spainards defeated the Moors at Granada in 1492 and secured control of all of Spain.reconquista100
1688111234A system of family organization in which social identity and property descend through the female line. Children are usually raised in their mother's household, and her brother plays a central role in their lives.matriarchy101
1688111235A religion the considers Mohammed to be God's last prophet. Following the death of Mohammed in A.D. 632, the newly converted Arab peoples of North Africa used force and fervor to spread this faith into Sub- saharan Africa, India, and Indonesia, as well as deep into Spain and the Balkan regions of Europe.Islam102
1688111236A cultural transformation in the arts and learning in Italy from 1300 to 1450. During this period, Italian moneyed elites sponsored great artists- Micahelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and others- who produced an unprecedented flowering of genius.Renaissance103
1688111237The traditional term for farmworkers in Europe. Some of these farmworkers owned land, while others leased or rented small pots from landlords. In some regions, they lived in compact communities with strong collective institutions.peasants104
1688111238The belief that individuals owe a service to their community and its government. During the Renaissance, political theorists argued that selfless service to the polity was of critical importance in a self- governing republic.civic humanism105
1688111239Franciscan missionaries located in northern FloridaSpanish106
1688111240What is the other name for Pope's Rebellion?Pueblo Revolt107
1688111241The natives became disposable to them when they began to sustain themselves.British108
1688111242Who was famous for fur trapping?french109
1688111243Most of the settlers were men, some of whom married Indian womenFrench110
1688111244Who were the Jesuit missionariesFrench111
1688111245survived the 1622 Powhatan uprisingBritish112
1688111246This country tries to understand the Native American valuesFrench113
1688111247Treated the indians brutallybritish114
1688111248Who does John Eliot represent?British115
1688111249Who implemented the encomienda system?Spanish116
1688111250Black legendSpanish117
1688111251What year was Jamestown established?1607118
1688111252What year was Plymouth established?1620119
1688111253What year was Massachusetts Bay established?1628120
1688111254What year was New Hampshire established?1623121
1688111255What year was Connecticut and Rhode Island established?1636122
1688111256What year was North Carolina established?1653123
1688111257What year was New York and New Jersey established?1664124
1688111258What year was South Carolina established?1670125
1688111259What year was Pennsylvania and Deleware established?1681126
1688111260What year was Georgia established?1732127
1688111261The movement of diseases and peoples across the Atlantic was part of a larger pattern of biological transformation is called.The Colombian Exchange128
1688111262This group of people condemned extravaganceQuakers129
1688111263In what year was the Dominion of England started?1686130
1688111264What were the original 4 colonies of the Dominion of England?Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth131
1688111265The adaptation of stateless peoples to the demands imposed on them by neighboring states.tribalization132
1688111266Who was the Covenant Chain between?New York and Iroquois133
1688111267a refined but elaborate lifestylegentility134
1688111268the practice of giving offices and salaries to political alliespatronage135
1688111269When paper money was issued to farmers who pledged their land as collateral for the loansland banks136
1688111270The ability to keep their households solvent and independent and to pass that ability on to the next generationcompetency137
1688111271when families swapped labor and goods is calledhousehold mode of production138
1688111272people who settle illegally on land is called being asquatter139
1688111273A flexible form of indentured servitude that allowed families to negotiate their own terms upon arrival is calledredemptioner140
1688111274The time period that emphasized the power of human reason to understand and shape the worldEnlightenment141
1688111275The evangelical Christian movement that stressed the individual's personal relationship with God is calledPietism142
1688111276A renewal of religious enthusiasmrevival143

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