american united states history terms for chapters 23 through 26
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| 110214402 | Stalwart | a person who is loyal to their allegiance (especially in times of revolt) | 0 | |
| 110214403 | Pendleton Act | It made compulsory campaign contributions from federal employees illegal, and established the Civil Service Commission to make appointments to federal jobs on the basis of examination rather than cronyism | 1 | |
| 110214404 | Crime of '73 | through the coinage act of 1873, the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. this was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver | 2 | |
| 110214405 | Bloody Shirt | term used as a symbol of the rebellion of the Confederate states by the Republican Party to discredit the South in the years after 1865 | 3 | |
| 110214406 | Chester A Arthur | 21st president; one term; Republican; took over for Garfield; elected as VP of NY | 4 | |
| 110214407 | Roscoe Conkling | a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. | 5 | |
| 110214408 | Sam Tilden | New York Attorney that headed prosecution against Boss Tweed. Fame during trial led to presidential nomination, but he lost against Hayes as a Democrat. | 6 | |
| 110214409 | Half- Breed | Blaine; republican party was split into two | 7 | |
| 110214410 | Credit Mobilier Scandal | a scandal that formed when a group of union pacific railroad insiders formed the credit mibilier construction company and then hired themselves to build the railroad with inflated wages. they bribed several congressmen and the vide president to keep the scandal from going public. | 8 | |
| 110214411 | Bland- Allison Act | 1878 law passed over the veto of President Rutherford B. Hayes requiring the U.S. treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. The goal was to subsidize the silver industry in the Mountain states and inflate prices | 9 | |
| 110214412 | Tweed Ring | (USG) , the corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, started by Burly "Boss" Tweed that Samuel J. Tilden, the reform governor of New York had been instrumental in overthrowing, Thomas Nast exposed through illustration in Harper's Weekly | 10 | |
| 110214413 | Charles Guiteau | an American lawyer who assassinated President James A. Garfield on July 2, 1881. He was executed by hanging. | 11 | |
| 110214414 | James Blaine | Benjamin Harrison's secretary of state and played an important role in the Pan-American Conference. The charming and popular man was the Republican nominee for president in 1884 who lost to Grover Cleveland. His candidacy was hurt by charges of corruption with the railroads exposed in the Mulligan letters. | 12 | |
| 110214415 | U.S. Grant | the eighteenth President of the United States (1869-1877). He achieved international fame as the leading Union general in the American Civil War | 13 | |
| 110214416 | Compromise of 1877 | Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river | 14 | |
| 110214417 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. | 15 | |
| 110214418 | Spoils System | the system of employing and promoting civil servants who are friends and supporters of the group in power | 16 | |
| 110214419 | James Garfield | 20th president, Republican, assassinated by Charles Julius Guiteau after a few months in office due to lack of patronage | 17 | |
| 110214420 | Horace Greely | editor of the NY tribune that is run for president by liberal republicans in 1872 against Grant | 18 | |
| 110214421 | Rutherford B. Hayes | 19th president of the united states, was famous for being part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, most corrupt election in US history | 19 | |
| 110214422 | Thomas Nast | Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed. | 20 | |
| 110214423 | Horizontal Intergration | combining many firms engaged in the same type of business into one large corporation | 21 | |
| 110214424 | John D. Rockefeller | an American industrialist and philanthropist. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, Rockefeller founded the Standard Oil Company and ran it until he retired in the late 1890s. He kept his stock and as gasoline grew in importance, his wealth soared and he became the world's richest man and first U.S. dollar billionaire, and is often regarded as the richest person in history | 22 | |
| 110214425 | Terrance Powderly | An American labor union originally established as a secret fraternal order and noted as the first union of all workers. It was founded in 1869 in Philadelphia by Uriah Stephens and a number of fellow workers. Powderly was elected head of the Knights of Labor in 1883. | 23 | |
| 110214426 | Andrew Carnegie | Creates Carnegie Steel. Gets bought out by banker JP Morgan and renamed U.S. Steel. Andrew Carnegie used vertical integration by buying all the steps needed for production. Was a philanthropist. Was one of the "Robber barons" | 24 | |
| 110214427 | Social Darwinism | The application of ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as a justification for their imperialist expansion. | 25 | |
| 110214428 | Knights of Labor | Labor union founded by Uriah S. Stephens in 1869, that grew out of the collapse of the National Labor Union and was replaced by AF of L after a number of botched strikes | 26 | |
| 110214429 | Trust | a consortium of independent organizations formed to limit competition by controlling the production and distribution of a product or service | 27 | |
| 110214430 | J.P. Morgan | Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons" | 28 | |
| 110214431 | Pool | any communal combination of funds | 29 | |
| 110214432 | The Grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | 30 | |
| 110214433 | "Acres of Diamonds" | This was a lecture written by Russell Conwell that advocated Social Darwinism It justified the rich being rich and the poor being poor and, it called people not to help the poor since it was their fault, thus promoting a laissez faire ideal. | 31 | |
| 110214434 | A.F.L | American Federation of Labor. A union of skilled workers from one or more trades which focused on collective bargaining (negotiation between labor and management) to reach written agreements on wages hours and working conditions. The AFL used strikes as a major tactic to win higher wages and shorter work weeks. | 32 | |
| 110214435 | Vertical Intergration | acquiring control of all the steps required to change raw materials into finished product | 33 | |
| 110214436 | Sam Gompers | demanded a fairer share for labor. He simply wanted "more," and sought better wages, hours, and working conditions. lead afl | 34 | |
| 110214437 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | a railroad owner who built a railway connecting Chicago and New York. He popularized the use of steel rails in his railroad, which made railroads safer and more economical. | 35 | |
| 110214438 | Gospel of Wealth | This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy. | 36 | |
| 110214439 | Sherman Anti- Trust Act | Passed to curb the abuses of big business in 1890, it was instead used to break up labor unions by claiming unions were a "labor trust". | 37 | |
| 110214440 | Settlement House | community center organized in the late 1800s to offer services to the poor | 38 | |
| 110214441 | Philanthropy | love of humanity, especially as shown in donations to charitable and socially useful causes | 39 | |
| 110214442 | Social Gospel | Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization | 40 | |
| 110214443 | Mark Twain | United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910) | 41 | |
| 110214444 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | 42 | |
| 110214445 | P.T. Barnum | most notorious agent of the 1880's | 43 | |
| 110214446 | W.C.T.U. | (Women's Christian Temperance Union) group organized in 1874 that worked to ban the sale of liquor in the U.S. | 44 | |
| 110214447 | Yellow Journalism | Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers | 45 | |
| 110214448 | Nativism | the belief that native-born Americans are superior to foreigners | 46 | |
| 110214449 | Mary Baker Eddy | founder of Christian Science in 1866 (1821-1910) | 47 | |
| 110214450 | Florence Kelley | reformer who worked to prohibit child labor and to improve conditions for female workers | 48 | |
| 110214451 | Dr. Naismith | United States educator (born in Canada) who invented the game of basketball (1861-1939) | 49 | |
| 110214452 | 18th Amendment | Ban on sale, manufacture, and transport of alcoholic beverages. Repealed by 21st amendment | 50 | |
| 110214453 | New Immigration | The second major wave of immigration to the U.S.; betwen 1865-1910, 25 million new immigrants arrived. Unlike earlier immigration, which had come primarily from Western and Northern Europe, the New Immigrants came mostly from Southern and Eastern Europe, fleeing persecution and poverty. Language barriers and cultural differences produced mistrust by Americans. | 51 | |
| 110214454 | Horatio Alger | United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys | 52 | |
| 110214455 | Charles Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) | 53 | |
| 110214456 | Morril Act | 1862 - Set aside public land in each state to be used for building colleges. | 54 | |
| 110214457 | Populists | a party made up of farmers and laborers that wanted direct election of senators and an 8hr working day | 55 | |
| 110214458 | Comstock Lode | first discovered in 1858 by Henry Comstock, some of the most plentiful and valuable silver was found here, causing many Californians to migrate here, and settle Nevada. | 56 | |
| 110214459 | Wounded Knee | In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived. | 57 | |
| 110214460 | Joseph Glidden | Invented barbed wire | 58 | |
| 110214461 | Sitting Bull | American Indian chief, he lead the victory of Little Bighorn | 59 | |
| 110214462 | Sooners | In 1889, people who illegally claimed land by sneaking past government officials before the land races began | 60 | |
| 110214463 | William J. Bryan | early 1900s. Ran and lost for the Presidency 3 times under Populist and Democratic party. Secretary of State. Supported Prohibition and was lawyer in Scope's Monkey Trail, against evolution in schools. Famous speaker throughout America | 61 | |
| 110214464 | Long Drive | Refers to the overland transport of cattle by the cowboy over the three month period. Cattle were sold to settlers and Native Americans. | 62 | |
| 110214465 | Little Bighorn | a battle in Montana near the Little Bighorn River between United States cavalry under Custer and several groups of Native Americans (1876) | 63 | |
| 110214466 | Dawes Severalty Act | a law that gave land to Indians who left reservations; it tried to speed up assimilation | 64 | |
| 110214467 | Oliver Kelley | clerical worker, toured the south fr the u.s. department of agriculture saw firsthand how nation's farmers suffered. Founded National Grange | 65 | |
| 110214468 | Chief Joseph | Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations | 66 | |
| 110214469 | "Frontier Thesis" | The argument by Frederick Jackson Turner that the frontier experience helped make American socity more democratic; emphasized cheap, unsettled land and the absence of a landed aristocracy. | 67 | |
| 110214470 | "Cross of Gold Speech" | An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold. | 68 | |
| 110214471 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. The settler would only have to pay a registration fee of $25. | 69 | |
| 110214472 | Ghost Dance | a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead | 70 | |
| 110214473 | Geronimo | Apache chieftain who raided the white settlers in the Southwest as resistance to being confined to a reservation (1829-1909) | 71 | |
| 110214474 | Mary Elizabeth Lease | became well known during the early 1890's for her actions as a speaker for the populist party. She was a tall, strong woman who made numerous and memorable speeches on behalf of the downtrodden farmer. She denounced the money-grubbing government and encouraged farmers to speak their discontent with the economic situation. | 72 | |
| 110214475 | Sand Creek | was an incident in the Indian Wars of the United States that occurred on November 29, 1864, when Colorado Territory militia attacked and destroyed a village of Cheyenne and Arapaho encamped on the eastern plains. | 73 | |
| 110214476 | Coxey's Army | wealthy man who called himself general he said that building roads to connect states will put the unemployed to work and he went to washington to state what he thought he arrived with a big group of people and he was sent to jail | 74 | |
| 110214477 | Dingley Tariff | Passed in 1897, the highest protective tariff in U.S. history with an average duty of 57%. It replaced the Wilson - Gorman Tariff, and was replaced by the Payne - Aldrich Tariff in 1909. It was pushed through by big Northern industries and businesses. | 75 |
