list of important terms
terms for 9-12 are on the powerpoint katie made
Terms : Hide Images
| 613775591 | Quebec, 1608 | Founded by Samuel de Champlain because of its strategic location with all of it rivers; first French colony | |
| 613775592 | Iroquois | the tribe who allied with the British in the French and Indian War | |
| 613775593 | Louisbourg | First significant British victory of the Seven Years' War | |
| 613775594 | Fort Duquesne | The scene of a humiliating British defeat, whose forces were ill-disciplined militiamen. French and Indian army hid in the foliage, and fired into the ranks of the British, leading to a resounding defeat | |
| 613775595 | Fort Necessity | The fort which George Washington built in the Ohio Valley to protect the English from the French. | |
| 613775596 | Albany Plan of Union, 1754 | Plan that would have set up an intercolonial government and a system for recruiting troops and collecting taxes. None of the colonies accepted it. | |
| 613775597 | General Braddock | Commanded forces sent by Great Britain to support American colonists; defeated and killed by French and Indian troops | |
| 613775598 | French and Indian War | Was a war fought by French and English on American soil over control of the Ohio River Valley-- English defeated French in1763. Historical Significance: established England as number one world power and began to gradually change attitudes of the colonists toward England for the worse. | |
| 613775599 | Battle of Quebec, 1759 | One of the most significant moments in British/American history - Montreal fell in 1760, and the French empire in Canada was over. The French turned over Mississippi/Louisiana to its ally Spain to compensate for its losses, including the viable New Orleans Port. | |
| 613775600 | Treaty of Paris, 1763 | Ended French and Indian War, France lost Canada, land east of the Mississippi, to British, New Orleans and west of Mississippi to Spain | |
| 613775601 | Pontiac | famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British (1715-1769) | |
| 613775602 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | |
| 613775603 | Republicanism | a form of government in which people elect representatives to create and enforce laws | |
| 613775604 | Radical Whigs | A group of British political commentators. They were very nervous about the power of Parliament and the arbitrary powers of the monarch. They warned the colonists to be always on the lookout for a violation of their rights. | |
| 613775605 | mercantilism | an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more goods than they bought | |
| 613775606 | Sugar Act, 1764 | An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies. | |
| 613775607 | Quartering Act, 1765 | Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.. | |
| 613775608 | Stamp Act, 1765 | Was issued in order to raise revenues to support the new British military force. Mandated the use of stamped paper certifying the payment of taxes. Colonist were angrily aroused and felt that this act was jeopardizing the basic right of the colonists as Englishmen. | |
| 613775609 | admiralty courts | in British law, special administrative courts designed to handle maritime cases without a jury. | |
| 613775610 | Stamp Act Congress, 1765 | Delegates from 9 colonies met to draw up a list of declarations and petitions against the taxes imposed by England | |
| 613775611 | non-importation agreements | Agreements not to import goods from Great Britain. They were designed to put pressure on the British economy and force the repeal of unpopular parliamentary acts. | |
| 613775612 | Sons of Liberty | Secret societies formed to protest new taxes passed by Parliament. Led the Boston Tea Party and threatened tax collectors. | |
| 613775613 | Declaratory Act, 1766 | Passed at the same time that the Stamp Act was repealed, the Act declared that Parliament had the power to tax the colonies both internally and externally, and had absolute power over the colonial legislatures. | |
| 613775614 | Townshend Acts, 1767 | Taxed luxury items imported into the colonies; colonists outraged and started another movement to stop importing Br. goods | |
| 613775615 | Boston Massacre, 1770 | conflict between colonists and british soldiers in which four colonists were killed | |
| 613775616 | Sam Adams | A member of the Sons of Liberty who started the Committee of Correspondence to stir public support for American independence. | |
| 613775617 | Committees of Correspondence, 1772 | Colonial radicals formed committees in each town and colony to spread word of any new English aggression. | |
| 613775618 | Tea Act, 1773 | Allowed East India Company to avoid navigation taxes when exporting tea to colonies and gave them power to monopolize tea trade; this angered colonists and threatened merchants and the colonial economy. | |
| 613775619 | Intolerable Acts | A series of laws set up by Parliament to punish Massachusetts for its protests against the British | |
| 613775620 | Quebec Act, 1774 | Established Roman Catholicism as the official religion of Quebec, set up a government for Quebec and set the border at the Ohio River | |
| 613775621 | First Continental Congress, 1774 | Convention of delegates from twelve of the thirteen colonies that convened in Philadelphia to craft a response to the Intolerable Acts. Delegates established Association, which called for a complete boycott of British goods. | |
| 613775622 | The Association, 1774 | Non-importation agreement crafted during the First Continental Congress calling for the complete boycott of British goods. | |
| 613775623 | Battles of Lexington and Concord, 1775 | First battles of the Revolutionary War, fought outside of Boston. The colonial militia successfully defended their stores of munitions, forcing the British to retreat to Boston. | |
| 613775624 | Second Continental Congress, 1775 | They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence | |
| 613775625 | Battle of Bunker Hill, 1775 | Revolutionary battle near Boston that resulted in more than 1,000 British casualties and fewer than 450 Patriot casualties. | |
| 613775626 | Continental Army | the American army during the American Revolution | |
| 613775627 | Olive Branch Petition | On July 8, 1775, the colonies made a final offer of peace to Britain, agreeing to be loyal to the British government if it addressed their grievances (repealed the Coercive Acts, ended the taxation without representation policies). It was rejected by Parliament, which in December 1775 passed the American Prohibitory Act forbidding all further trade with the colonies. | |
| 613775628 | Common Sense, 1776 | a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine to convince colonists that it was time to become independent from Britain. | |
| 613775629 | Thomas Paine | American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809) | |
| 613775630 | Tories | a person who supported the British cause in the American Revolution; a loyalist | |
| 613775631 | Battle of Saratoga, 1777 | A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. Caused France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent. | |
| 613775632 | Franco-American Treaty of Alliance, 1778 | -France would send shipments of arms which were vital Americans -Ben Franklin forged this alliance - After this alliance, France openly sent troops to fight | |
| 613775633 | Battle of Yorktown, 1781 | 1781 Oct 19 Final Battle Cornwallis surrenders to Washington | |
| 613775634 | Treaty of Paris, 1783 | This treaty ended the Revolutionary War, recognized the independence of the American colonies, and granted the colonies the territory from the southern border of Canada to the northern border of Florida, and from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi River | |
| 613775635 | Iroquois Confederacy | a powerful group of Native Americans in the eastern part of the United States made up of five nations: the Mohawk, Seneca, Cayuga, Onondoga, and Oneida | |
| 613775636 | Treaty of Fort Stanwix, 1784 | Treaty signed by the United States and the pro-British Iroquois granting Ohio country to the Americans. |
