Terms : Hide Images
| 604425707 | ethnocentrism | when you think that your culture is better than someone else's | |
| 604425708 | predestination | God already has your life planned out | |
| 604425709 | covenant | contract with God, God gives grace-ppl live morally | |
| 604425710 | halfway covenant | grandchildren of Puritans can be baptized even if parents do not demonstrate they have been saved | |
| 604425711 | roanoke | first settlement. bad conditions. disappeared. | |
| 604425712 | house of burgesses | a colonial assembly (mini parliament), self-gov; controlled $ | |
| 604425713 | pilgrims | thought god made them prosperous; separatists | |
| 604425714 | separatists | group of puritans who broke entirely from the church of | |
| 604425715 | mayflower compact | settlers made a simple agreement to form a govt and to submit to the will of majority. SELF GOVT= direct democracy | |
| 604425716 | anne hutchinson (antinomianism) | believed puritan ministers lost touch with God, came from direct revelation from God. exiled to rhode island. -holy life is no sign of salvation, truly saved need not obey law of God | |
| 604425717 | roger williams | extreme separatist, thought god will punish ppl, wanted separation of church and state..exiled to RI | |
| 604425718 | William Penn | quaker, 1st gov of pennsylvania | |
| 604425719 | mercantilism | more exports than imports, favorable balance of trade | |
| 604425720 | navigation acts | only use english ships, can only ship to england, tarrif of imports | |
| 604425721 | Bacon's Rebellion | native americans attacked and killed settlers bc of white encroachment (rich never help out poor), bacon and berkley fight back and forth chasing each other, indians get killed throughout chase | |
| 604425722 | great awakening | puritan revival, churches divided and separated | |
| 604425723 | salutary neglect | "turn a blind eye" england didn't enforce the navigation acts right away and colonists ignored them | |
| 604425724 | albany congress | Ben Frank's idea for unity, british wanted colonists to meet with Iroquis and discuss Alliance ("Join or Die")...failed. Iroquis broke off relations with British and threatened to trade with France | |
| 604425725 | seven years war (F&I) | war over land in america, france kicked out of america | |
| 604425726 | peace of paris of 1763 | france kicked out of U.S, GB now the strongest | |
| 604425727 | enlightenment | man in control, FREE WILL, "natural rights" | |
| 604425728 | John Locke | life, liberty, property (natural rights); government based on decisions of the ppl | |
| 604425729 | proclamation of 1763 | GB closed frontier west of App. Mts; GB instituted military rule for west | |
| 604425730 | stamp act congress | 1765-NYC, 9 colonies represented, showed allegiance to crown but "no taxation w/out representation"..only colonial assemblies should be able to tax | |
| 604425731 | quartering act | 1765-need to house/feed british troops | |
| 604425732 | boston tea party | 1773- colonists disguise as NA's and dump tea into Boston Port, tea ships returned back to GB, charged for vandalism | |
| 604425733 | coercive acts (intolerable acts) | 1773- closed Boston Port=no trade, MA legislative power decreases, decrease in town meetings, officials chosen by GB-no more self-gov. | |
| 604425734 | committees of correspondence | formed throughout the colonies, united all who wanted to go against GB's new rules (revolutionists), groups designed to facilitate colonial communication | |
| 604425735 | First Continental Congress | Delegates from all colonies except georgia met to discuss problems with britain and the enforced Intolerable Acts and to promote independence | |
| 604425736 | olive branch petition | hope for reconciliation with GB & peace (GB rejects this)...leads to a revolution | |
| 604425737 | Thomas Paine-Common Sense | bitter against GB, radical, opposed monarchy, believed indepen. is the only solution (self gov is natural right) | |
| 604425738 | Second Continental Congress | They organized the continental Army, called on the colonies to send troops, selected George Washington to lead the army, and appointed the comittee to draft the Declaration of Independence | |
| 604425739 | Articles of Confederation | This document, the nation's first constitution, was adopted by the Second Continental Congress in 1781 during the Revolution. The document was limited because states held most of the power, and Congress lacked the power to tax, regulate trade, or control coinage. | |
| 604425740 | Shay's Rebellion | this conflict in Massachusetts caused many to criticize the Articles of Confederation and admit the weak central government was not working; uprising led by Daniel Shays in an effort to prevent courts from foreclosing on the farms of those who could not pay the taxes | |
| 604425741 | virginia plan | large state plan, both house (bicameral) based on population | |
| 604425742 | new jersey plan | small state plan, one house (unicameral) with equal representation | |
| 604425743 | federalism | power divided and shared between federal and state governments | |
| 604425744 | three-fifths compromise | slaves count as 3/5 of a person for population count for representation | |
| 604425745 | federalist papers #10 | Madison's argument for a public form of gov.; republic assembly could work in large country. Essay #10 proposed the idea of setting up the country as a republic as to avoid the problems of other big democracies. | |
| 604425746 | Hamilton's Federalists vs. Jefferson's Democratic-Republican's | Feds: industrial, loose interpretation, favored powerful federal government Dem-Rep: agriculture, strict interpretation, favored strong state government | |
| 604425747 | Jay's Treaty | Was made up by John Jay. It said that Britain was to pay for Americans ships that were seized in 1793. It said that Americans had to pay British merchants debts owed from before the revolution and Britain had agreed to remove their troops from the Ohio Valley | |
| 604425748 | Pinckney's Treaty | spain gives US right to use MI river, right to deposit goods for free in New Orleans, officially make boundary line running all the way west to MI river, promise to stay out of indian affairs | |
| 604425749 | whiskey rebellion | farmers in western pennsylvania protested a federal excise tax on whiskey | |
| 604425750 | xyz affair | An insult to the American delegation when they were supposed to be meeting French foreign minister, Talleyrand, but instead they were sent 3 officials Adams called "X,Y, and Z" that demanded $250,000 as a bribe to see Talleyrand. | |
| 604425751 | alien and sedition acts | president was john adams, public anger over xyz affair 1. residence requirement: citizenship went from 5 yrs to 14 yrs 2. president may deport/export any dangerous "aliens" 3. illegal for newspapers to criticize president | |
| 604425752 | kentucky and virginia resolutions | in response to A&S acts, TJ(ky) and JM(va) proposed resolutions 1. fed govt was created to serve states 2.state legislatures can declare acts of congress unconstitutional | |
| 604425753 | John Marshall-Marbury vs. Madison | adams appointed mignight judges (judiciary act) but TJ and Madison opposed them so William Marbury took it to the supreme court to fight for his position. John Marshall agreed that Marbury had right to his position and that judiciary act was unconstitutional | |
| 604425754 | embargo act of 1807 | This act issued by Jefferson forbade American trading ships from leaving the U.S. It was meant to force Britain and France to change their policies towards neutral vessels by depriving them of American trade. It was difficult to enforce because it was opposed by merchants and everyone else whose livelihood depended upon international trade. It also hurt the national economy, so it was replaced by the Non-Intercourse Act. | |
| 604425755 | causes of war of 1812 | These included: British impressment of sailors, British seizure of neutral American trading ships, and the reasons given by the War Hawks (the British were inciting the Indians on the frontier to attack the Americans, and the war would allow the U.S. to seize the northwest posts, Florida, and possibly Canada). | |
| 604425756 | warhawks | wanted war, leaders: henry clay, andrew webster, john c. calhoun. they wanted canada and florida (from spain) | |
| 604425757 | hartford convention | Meeting of Federalists near the end of the War of 1812 in which the party listed it's complaints against the ruling Republican Party. These actions were largley viewed as traitorous to the country (ended federalist party) | |
| 604425758 | treaty of ghent | treaty that ended the war of 1812, took place in belgium, went back to pre-war ways | |
| 604425759 | era of good feelings | A name for President Monroe's two terms, a period of strong nationalism, economic growth, and territorial expansion. Since the Federalist party dissolved after the War of 1812, there was only one political party and no partisan conflicts. | |
| 604425760 | henry clay's american system | Henry Clay's plan for developing the United States included 3 steps: strong banking system, protective tariff, network of roads and canals | |
| 604425761 | rush-bagot agreement of 1817 | An agreement between Britain and the United States that severely limited naval armament on the lakes, putting an end to the floating arms race on the Great Lakes. | |
| 604425762 | adams-onis treaty | 1819-spain gave U.S florida; spain gave up its oregon claims to US too | |
| 604425763 | missouri compromise | The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of the 36 30 line must be free states or states without slavery. | |
| 604425764 | monroe doctrine | A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. | |
| 604425765 | hudson river school of art | exaggerated nature, larger than anything else in the painting | |
| 604425766 | spoils system | winning politicians get to give their supporters jobs | |
| 604425767 | peggy eaton affair | Social scandal (1829-1831) - John Eaton, Secretary of War, stayed with the Timberlakes when in Washington, and there were rumors of his affair with Peggy Timberlake even before her husband died in 1828. Many cabinet members snubbed the socially unacceptable Mrs. Eaton. Jackson sided with the Eatons, and the affair helped to dissolve the cabinet - especially those members associated with John C. Calhoun (V.P.), who was against the Eatons and had other problems with Jackson. | |
| 604425768 | nullification crisis | South was mad about the Tariff of Abominations. John C. Calhoun supported States' Rights and said they had a right to nullify a law. In 1832 the tariff was lowered. South Carolina passed the Nullification Act, and threatened to secede; Jackson was furious, so he passed the Force Bill which said that Jackson can use the army to enforce the tariff | |
| 604425769 | bank veto | some said the bank was unconstitutional because there was too much power in the hands of small privileged groups, AJ vetoed this because he wanted a bank for all of the population | |
| 604425770 | panic of 1837 | inflation, cotton prices fell 50%, banks stopped specie payment | |
| 604425771 | independent treasury act | public depository for govt funds without connections to commercial banking | |
| 604425772 | second great awakening | A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. | |
| 604425773 | neal dow | famous temprance movement leader | |
| 604425774 | cult of true womanhood/domesticity | term used by historians to characterize the dominant gender role for white women in the antebellum period. The ideology of domesticity stressed the virtue of women as guardians of the home, which was considered their proper sphere; during the 19th century | |
| 604425775 | horace mann | United States educator who introduced reforms that significantly altered the system of public education (1796-1859) | |
| 604425776 | dorthea dix | publicized inhumane treatment in prisons and asylums and lobbied for better conditions | |
| 604425777 | william lloyd garrison | white new englander, against colonized societies, instead wanted immediate emancipation of slaves w emigration or compensation | |
| 604425778 | transcendentalists | Followers of a belief which stressed self-reliance, self- culture, self-discipline, and that knowledge transcends instead of coming by reason. They promoted the belief of individualism and caused an array of humanitarian reforms. | |
| 604425779 | Texas settlement and revolution | After a few skirmishes with Mexican soldiers in 1835, Texas leaders met and organized a temporary government. Texas troops initially seized San Antonio, but lost it after the massacre of the outpost garrisoning the Alamo. In response, Texas issued a Declaration of Independence. Santa Ana tried to swiftly put down the rebellion, but Texan soldiers surprised him and his troops on April 21, 1836. They crushed his forces and captured him in the Battle of San Jacinto, and forced him to sign a treaty granting Texan independence. U.S. lent no aid. | |
| 604425780 | mormons | members of the church of christ of latter-day saints; church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah | |
| 604425781 | manifest destiny | "we believe it is our Divine Right to expand to the pacific", reflected young america theme, Polk enforced this | |
| 604425782 | 54 40' or fight | slogan by polk-he wanted to get as far north as possible (manifest destiny), settled for the 49th parallel | |
| 604425783 | James Polk | was a slave owning southerner dedicated to Democratic party. In 1844, he was a "dark horse" candidate for president, and he won the election. he favored American expansion, especially advocating the annexation of Texas, California, and Oregon. He opposed Clay's American System, instead advocating lower tariff, separation the treasury and the federal government from the banking system. He was a nationalist who believed in Manifest Destiny. | |
| 604425784 | john slidell mission | wanted ppl to recognize that rio grande will be TX-US border, US would forgive amer. citizens claims against Mex. govt, US would purchase NM for $5million, US would buy CA at any price | |
| 604425785 | treaty of guadalupe hidalgo | Treaty that ended the Mexican War, granting the U.S. control of Texas, New Mexico, and California in exchange for $15 million | |
| 604425786 | gadsden purchase | bought from Mex. for the expansion of railroads (needed water for steam for the railroad), completed the continental US | |
| 604425787 | wilmot proviso | "neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of new territory gained"...does not pass bc south senate dislikes this idea | |
| 604425788 | nat turner | led a slave rebellion in VA | |
| 604425789 | harriet beecher stowe | wrote Uncle Tom's Cabin, created a controversy with this book | |
| 604425790 | free soil party | Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. | |
| 604425791 | compromise of 1850 | Called for the admission of California as a free state, organizing Utah and New Mexico with out restrictions on slavery, adjustment of the Texas/New Mexico border, abolition of slave trade in District of Columbia, and tougher fugitive slave laws. Its passage was hailed as a solution to the threat of national division. | |
| 604425792 | fugitive slave law | Enacted by Congress in 1793 and 1850, these laws provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners. The North was lax about enforcing the 1793 law, with irritated the South no end. The 1850 law was tougher and was aimed at eliminating the underground railroad. | |
| 604425793 | kansas-nebraska act | 1854 - Created Nebraska and Kansas as states and gave the people in those territories the right to chose to be a free or slave state through popular sovereignty. | |
| 604425794 | bleeding kansas | aka Kansas Border War. Following the passage of the Kansas-Nebraska Act, pro-slavery forces from Missouri, known as the Border Ruffians, crossed the border into Kansas and terrorized and murdered antislavery settlers. Antislavery sympathizers from Kansas carried out reprisal attacks, the most notorious of which was John Brown's 1856 attack on the settlement at Pottawatomie Creek. The war continued for four years before the antislavery forces won. The violence it generated helped precipitate the Civil War. | |
| 604425795 | dred scott case | a missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the louisiana territory made free land by the missouri compromise had made him a free man. the US supreme court decided he couldn't sue bc he was property not a citizen | |
| 604425796 | election of 1860 | Republican - Abraham Lincoln. Democrat - Stephan A. Douglas, John C. Breckenridge. Constitutional Union - John Bell. Issues were slavery in the territories (Lincoln opposed adding any new slave states). | |
| 604425797 | crittenden's proposal | a desperate measure to prevent the civil war, introduced by a senator from kentucky in Dec 1860. the bull offered a constitutional amendment recognizing slavery in territories south of the 36 30' line, noninterference by congress with existing slavery, and compensation to the owners of fugitive slaves. republicans on the advice of lincoln, defeated it. | |
| 604425798 | anaconda plan | Union war plan by Winfield Scott, called for blockade of southern coast, capture of Richmond, capture Mississippi R, and to take an army through heart of south | |
| 604425799 | copperheads | a group of northern Democrats who opposed abolition and sympathized with the South during the Civil War | |
| 604425800 | vicksburg | union cutoff and laid seige to the town for 6 weeks, grant's victory in MI gives the N total control of MI river and railroad system | |
| 604425801 | gettysburg | The most violent battle of the American Civil War and is frequently cited as the war's turning point, fought from July 1 - July 3, 1863. | |
| 604425802 | 13th amendent | abolished slavery in every state | |
| 604425803 | lincoln's 10% plan | FORGIVENESS-state can rejoin the union once 10% of the citizens have full amnesty (full pardon to every southerner who follows const.) | |
| 604425804 | wade-davis bill | PUNISHMENT-congress gets to decide when/how south states are admitted back in union, admitted once 50% of white males take loyalty oath to follow const. | |
| 604425805 | 14th amendment | gave citizenship for blacks, equal rights, equal protection | |
| 604425806 | tenure of office act | 1866 - Enacted by radical Congress, it forbade the president from removing civil officers without consent of the Senate. It was meant to prevent Johnson from removing radicals from office. Johnson broke this law when he fired a radical Republican from his cabinet, and he was impeached for this "crime". | |
| 604425807 | panic of 1873 | Four year economic depression caused by overspeculation on railroads and western lands, and worsened by Grant's poor fiscal response (refusing to coin silver) | |
| 604425808 | 15th amendment | ALL male citizens have the right to vote | |
| 604425809 | hayes-tilden compromise | Also known as the Compromise of 1877, it resolved the disputed presidential election of 1876, giving Republican Hayes the presidency in exchange for removing troops from the South and ending reconstruction |
