APUSH
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| 554767849 | Indian Territory (Oklahoma) | An area to which Native Americans were moved covering what is now Oklahoma and parts of Kansas and Nebraska | 0 | |
| 554767850 | Great Sioux reservation | In the 1860s, the federal government herded the Indians into smaller confines;in Dakota Territory | 1 | |
| 554767851 | "Buffalo Soldiers" | Nickname for African-American soldiers who fought in the wars against Native Americans living on the Great Plains during the 1870s; TENTH CAVALRY was one of the original __ __ regiments | 2 | |
| 554767852 | Fetterman massacre (1866) | Sioux war party attempting to block construction of the Bozeman Trail to Montana ambushed Captain Fetterman's command of 81 soldiers in Wyoming's Bighorn Mountains | 3 | |
| 554767853 | Sitting Bull | a chief of the Sioux -- took up arms against settlers in the northern Great Plains and against United States Army troops; he was present at the battle of Little Bighorn (1876) when the Sioux massacred General Custer's troops (1831-1890) | 4 | |
| 554767854 | Custer's Last Stand | at the Battle of Little Bighorn: Custer and men defeated by 2500 Sioux warriors | 5 | |
| 554767855 | Chief Joseph (1877) | attempted to take the Nez Perce to Canada & away from the U.S. army; he surrendered. Sig: constant pressure made tribe after tribe comply with state and federal laws. | 6 | |
| 554767856 | Apache/Geronimo | The fierce Apache tribes of Arizona and New Mexico were lead by Geronimo, they were pursued into Mexico by Federal troops; scattered remnants of the warriors were finally persuaded to surrender after Apache women had been exiled to Florida; the Apaches ultimately became successful farmers in Oklahoma | 7 | |
| 554767857 | "Buffalo Bill" Cody | This former pony express rider and Indian fighter and hero of popular dime novels for children traveled around the U.S. and Europe and put on popular Wild West shows; employed by the Kansas Pacific RR Company and killed over 4,000 animals in 18 months | 8 | |
| 554767858 | Helen Hunt Jackson | children's author from Massachusetts; wrote A Century of Dishonor 1881 (about the government ruthlessness in Indian dealings) and Ramona 1884 (a love story of injustice to the California Indians); inspired sympathy for them | 9 | |
| 554767859 | Ghost Dance | the Sun Dance was outlawed by the government in 1884, this cult tried to call the spirits of past warriors to inspire the young braves to fight; It was crushed at the Battle of Wounded Knee after spreading to the Dakota Sioux; The Ghost Dance led to the Dawes Severalty Act of 1887- act tried to reform Indian tribes and turn them into "white" citizens(did little good) | 10 | |
| 554767860 | Battle of Wounded Knee (1890) | 1890 last major clash between U.S. troops and Indians. Army sent to end sacred "Ghost Dance" by Dakota Sioux, 200 men, women and Children were killed by US Troops | 11 | |
| 554767861 | Dawes Severality Act | (1887) resulted from white policy of forced-Indian assimilation; Dissolved many tribes as legal entities, wiped out tribal ownership of land, and set up individual Indian family heads with 160 free acres; If the Indians behaved like "good white settlers" then they would get full title to their holdings as well as citizenship in 25 years; reservation land not allotted to the Indians was to be sold to RR and white settlers, proceeds used by the Fed Govt to educate and civilize the Indians with Indian bording schools and field matrons: struck at tribal organization, tried to make individualists, ignored the Indian cultur's reliance on tribally held land (by 1900 156 mil -50%) : remained the cornerstone of the govt official Indian policy until 1934. | 12 | |
| 554767862 | Carlisle Indian School | (1879) Pennsylvania school for Indians funded by the government; children were separated from their tribe and were taught Engilsh and white values/customs. Motto of founder: "Kill the Indian and save the man." | 13 | |
| 554767863 | Indian Reorganization Act | (1934) Act which secured certain rights to Native Americans. These include a reversal of the Dawes Act's privatization of common holdings of American Indians and a return to local self-government on a tribal basis. Owing to this Act and to other actions of federal courts and the government, over two million acres of land were returned to various tribes in the first 20 years after passage of the act; the "indian new deal"; promoted by commisioner of indian affairs John Collier under Roosevelt | 14 | |
| 554767864 | Pike's Peak Gold Rush (1858) | Also known as the Colorado Gold Rush) was the boom in gold prospecting and mining in the Pike's Peak Country of western Kansas Territory and southwestern Nebraska Territory of the United States that began in July 1858 and lasted until roughly the creation of the Colorado Territory on February 28, 1861. An estimated 100,000 gold seekers took part in one of the greatest gold rushes in North American history.[1] The participants in the gold rush were known as "Fifty-Niners" after 1859, the peak year of the rush and often used the motto Pikes's Pike or Bust! | 15 | |
| 554767865 | Comstock Lode (1859) | Prospectors in Nevada discovered gold near the Carson River valley. This fabulously rich vein brought in about $340 million worth of gold and silver between 1860 and 1890. | 16 | |
| 554767866 | "Long Drives" (1866-88) | The gold rush in Colorado between 1858-1961 when gold mining in the Pikes Peak Country exploded. Prospector William G. Russell led an expedition to Ralston Creek in 1851 upon rumors of gold in the streams. Once gold was found in Cherry Creek near Denver, word spread, prompting 100,000 potential prospectors to make their way to the Rocky Mountains. Only half actually made it there. The phrase Pikes Peak or Bust! was painted on wagons by prospectors to let folks know they were on their way across the prairie to find gold in Colorado. If they could see Pikes Peak, they knew they were close, as the mountain famously sits high on the horizon, farther east than any other mountain in Colorado's Front Range. The gold camps that eventually formed were actually settled in places like Boulder City, Denver City, Golden City, and Idaho Springs. Gold wasn't found near Pikes Peak in Cripple Creek until the 1890's. The term was eventually changed to the Colorado Gold Rush. | 17 | |
| 554767867 | Homestead Act (1862) | Act that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30 - instead of public land being sold primarily for revenue, it was now being given away to encourage a rapid filling of empty spaces and to provide a stimulus to the family farm, turned out to be a cruel hoax because the land given to the settlers usually had terrible soil and the weather included no precipitation, many farms were repo'd or failed until "dry farming" took root on the plains , then wheat, then massive irrigation projects | 18 | |
| 554767868 | John Wesley Powell | a U.S. soldier, geologist, and explorer of the American West. He is famous for the 1869 Powell Geographic Expedition, a three-month river trip down the Green and Colorado rivers that included the first passage through the Grand Canyon. | 19 | |
| 554767869 | Joseph F. Glidden | 1874 invented a superior type of barbed wire and in 1883 the company was producing 600 miles of the product each day; the barbed wire was used against trespassing cattle | 20 | |
| 554767870 | Oklahoma "sooners" (1889) | People who entered the district illegally to lay claim to lands, before the designated entry time, were called "Sooners." The name came from a section in the Indian Appropriations Act of March 2, 1889, that said that nobody would be permitted to enter upon and occupy the land before the time designated in the President's opening proclamation and that those that did would be denied rights to the land. This section became known as the "sooner clause." | 21 | |
| 554767871 | "Sodbusters" | name given to Great Plains farmers because they had to break through so much thick soil, called sod, in order to farm | 22 | |
| 554767872 | 100th meridian | imaginary line separating the well-watered east from the semiarid west | 23 | |
| 554767873 | Frederick Jackson Turner (1893) | was an American historian in the early 20th century. He is best known for his essay "The Significance of the Frontier in American History", whose ideas are referred to as the Frontier Thesis. He is also known for his theories of geographical sectionalism. In recent years western history has seen pitched arguments over his Frontier Thesis, with the only point of agreement being his enormous impact on historical scholarship and the American mind. | 24 | |
| 554767874 | Yellowstone | Signed into a national park in 1871 by Ulysses S. Grant, it is the first ever national park in the world, established in Wyoming, Montana and Idaho -- Yosemite followed... | 25 | |
| 554767875 | Gold Standard Act (1900) | signed by McKinley. It stated that all paper money would be backed only by gold. This meant that the government had to hold gold in reserve in case people decided they wanted to trade in their money. Eliminated silver coins, but allowed paper Silver Certificates issued under the Bland-Allison Act to continue to circulate. | 26 | |
| 554767876 | Silver Senators | Senators representing the sparsely populated western states, using their disproportionate influence to promote the interests of the silver miners | 27 | |
| 554767877 | James B. "Wild Bill" Hickok | a gunman who killed only in self-defense or in the line of duty, marshall for the "cowtown" of Abilene; shot in the back of the head while playing poker in 1876 | 28 | |
| 554767878 | Great American Desert | Region between the Missouri River and the Rocky Mountains. Vast domain became accessible to Americans wishing to settle there. This region was called the "Great American Desert" in atlases published between 1820 and 1850, and many people were convinced this land was a Sahara habitable only to Indians. The phrase had been coined by Major Long during his exploration of the middle portion of the Louisiana Purchase region. | 29 | |
| 554767879 | Boomers | White settlers who rushed out onto Indian Territory on Apr. 22, 1889 to stake claims on land after it was bought out by US gov't from NA's; settled there to take advantage of the great farming land. (Over 2 mil acres settled by end of the day) | 30 | |
| 554767880 | 1890 | settlement house movement, William Jennings Bryan, Atlanta Compromise, jingoism, Sherman Silver Purchase Act; Census Bureau announces the "closing" of the frontier, frontier line was no longer discernible, unsettled areas were now broken into by isolated bodies of settlement | 31 | |
| 554767881 | Francis parkman | Early American historian who wrote a series of volumes on the imperial struggle between Britain and France in North America. | 32 | |
| 554767882 | George Catlin | a painter who was among the first to advocate the preservation of nature as a national policy | 33 | |
| 554767883 | Fredric Remington | focusing on subjects such as cowhands and Native Americans known for his nineteenth century illustrations of the American West | 34 |
