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| 1691598306 | How long ago was Pangea? | 225 million years ago | 0 | |
| 1691598307 | How long ago was the great Ice Age? | 2 million-10,000 years ago. Asians came 14-16,000 years ago. | 1 | |
| 1691598308 | When did the land bridge become exposed? | 35,000 years ago | 2 | |
| 1691598309 | When did the glaciers melt? | 10,000 years ago | 3 | |
| 1691598310 | Incas | In Peru | 4 | |
| 1691598311 | Mayans | Central America | 5 | |
| 1691598312 | Aztecs | Mexico | 6 | |
| 1691598313 | Why maize? | No large draft animals, easy and sustainable | 7 | |
| 1691598314 | When did maize first start growing? | 5,000 BC in Mexico/South America | 8 | |
| 1691598315 | When did maize become available in 'America'? | 1,200 BC (Pueblos in Southwest) | 9 | |
| 1691598316 | Pueblos | Adobe houses and irrigation system | 10 | |
| 1691598317 | Mound Builders | Lived in Ohio river valley (Anasazi in southwest and Mississippian in lower Midwest) | 11 | |
| 1691598318 | Mississippians | Made Cahokia (25,000-40,000 people) in east St. Louis. Fell into decline in 1,300 AD from a drought. | 12 | |
| 1691598319 | Three-sister Farming | Beans on cornstalk, squash on mound covering ground | 13 | |
| 1691598320 | SE Atlantic Natives | Creek, Choctaw, Cherokee | 14 | |
| 1691598321 | NE Atlantic Natives | Iroquois; robust military/agriculture, led by Hiawatha. Matrilineal power line. | 15 | |
| 1691598322 | Natives vs Euros (land) | Natives were thinly spread and saw the land as sacred. The Euros saw the land as something to be used. | 16 | |
| 1691598323 | First Euros in America | Norse/scandinavians, AD 1000. Landed in Newfoundland/Vinland. No nation wanted to expand into America and the expeditions stopped. | 17 | |
| 1691598324 | Effect of Christian Crusaders | Fought for Palestine against Muslims, 11th-14t centuries. Europe acquires taste for Eastern things (spices, sugar, silk), and trade begins (difficult/expensive). | 18 | |
| 1691769108 | Marco Polo | Italian, goes to China for 20 years. Returns talking of oriental treasures. | 19 | |
| 1691769109 | Effect of Polo | Europe wants cheaper route East | 20 | |
| 1691769110 | Caravel | Portugese ship (1450) that was better at cutting through wind. Opened sub-saharan Africa. | 21 | |
| 1691769111 | Portugal (and Spain) in West Africa | Start trading for gold/slaves. Slaves worked in coastal islands cultivating sugar cane. | 22 | |
| 1691769112 | Bartholomeu Dias | (Port) reaches south African tip (1488) | 23 | |
| 1691769113 | Vasco da Gama | (port) reaches east Indies (1498) | 24 | |
| 1691769114 | Spain's new leaders | Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile | 25 | |
| 1691769115 | New Spain | Muslim moors kicked out and Spain looks to the west (Indies) | 26 | |
| 1691769116 | Christopher Columbus | Convinces Ferdinand/Isabella to fund his water-only trip to the West Indies. Gets three small ships. Reaches Bahamas on October 12th, 1492. | 27 | |
| 1691769117 | New System TRIANGLE TRADE (Euro, America, Africa) | Euro supplies technology, capital, markets. America supplies raw materials (metals, sugar cane, etc.). Africa supplies labor. | 28 | |
| 1691769118 | America trades to Europe | Tomatoes, potatoes, maize, beans, squash, Syphilis. | 29 | |
| 1691769119 | Europe trades to America | Cattle, pigs, horses. | 30 | |
| 1691769120 | Hispaniola | Haiti/Dominican Republic. Where Columbus brought supplies. | 31 | |
| 1691769121 | Sugar Revolution | Sugar Cane thrived in Caribbean, starts new diet in Europe. | 32 | |
| 1691769122 | More from Europe (unintentional) | Kentucky Bluegrass, daisies, Smallpox, yellow fever, malaria. (90% natives die after Columbus) | 33 | |
| 1691769123 | Treaty of Tordesillas | (1494) Pope splits New World with Spain/Portugal. | 34 | |
| 1691769124 | Vasco Nunez Balboa | (1513) Discovers Pacific, lands in Panama, claims pacific land for Spain | 35 | |
| 1691769125 | Ferdinand Magellan | (1519) Spanish, goes to Philippines, 1/5 vessels make it back home (FIRST GLOBAL CIRCUMNAVIGATION) | 36 | |
| 1691769126 | Juan Ponce de Leon | (1513/1521) Goes to Florida for gold (fountain of youth), dies by Indian arrow | 37 | |
| 1691769127 | Francisco Coronado | (1540-42) Looked for golden cities (pueblos), wandered w/ cavalcade through New Mexico and Arizona, to Kansas. Discovers Grand Canyon and Colorado River (lots of bison). | 38 | |
| 1691769128 | Hernando de Soto | (1539-42) Goes with 600 armored men to find gold. Goes to Arkansas and mistreats Indians. Dies of wounds and diseases. | 39 | |
| 1691769129 | Francisco Pizzaro | (1532) Conquers Incas, making Spain rich, and starting banking and Euro economy. West Indies become Spanish bases. | 40 | |
| 1691769130 | Encomienda | Government could give colonists Natives, if they would convert the Natives to Christianity. SLAVERY. | 41 | |
| 1691844831 | Hernan Cortes | (1519) Goes to Cuba with 16 horses, 11 ships. Lands in Vera Cruz. Gets 20,000 Native allies. Moctezuma thought he was Quetzacotl and showered him with gold. June 30, 1520, Aztecs attack. August 13, 1521, Spanish win (power and smallpox). | 42 | |
| 1691844832 | Mestizo | Euro and Native interracial mix. | 43 | |
| 1691844833 | Malinche | Native hostage captured by Cortes for translating. | 44 | |
| 1691844834 | Giovanni Caboto (John Cabot) | (1497-8) English, sent to explore NE America | 45 | |
| 1691844835 | Giovanni de Verrazano | (1524) French | 46 | |
| 1691844836 | Jacques Cartier | (1534) French, sent down St. Lawrence river | 47 | |
| 1691844837 | Spanish Forts | (1565) St. Augustine, Florida | 48 | |
| 1691844838 | Don Juan de Onate | (1598) Leads trek to new Mexico. Fights Pueblos (1609) (cuts off foot), finds New Mexico (wants to convert natives), founds Santa Fe (1610) | 49 | |
| 1691844839 | Pope's Rebellion/Pueblo Revolt | (1680) Natives rebel, build kivas (ceremonial centers), reverse Cortes | 50 | |
| 1691844840 | Robert de La Salle | (1680's) French, sent down Mississippi river | 51 | |
| 1691844841 | Father Junipero Serra | (1769) founds first missionary in San Diego (21 total) | 52 | |
| 1691844842 | Black Legend | "Spanish only bring bad things; greed, disease, war." Not accurate. Set foundation for America's future. | 53 | |
| 1691974655 | Pedro Menendez de Aviles | (1565) Settles in St. Augustine | 54 | |
| 1691974656 | King Henry IV decides to build colonies | (1602) | 55 | |
| 1691974657 | Samuel de Champlain | (1608) Settles in Quebec, future capital of New France | 56 | |
| 1691974658 | Louis Joliet/Jacques Marquette | (1673) Find Mississippi River | 57 | |
| 1691974659 | French Close Native Relationships | Algonquins | 58 | |
| 1691974660 | Ursuline Convent | (1642) Quebec | 59 | |
| 1691974661 | Henry Hudson | (1609) English navigator sent by the Dutch East India Company to find the Pacific Ocean | 60 | |
| 1691974662 | New Netherland | (1614) Hudson River valley, New Amsterdam (Manhattan) principle town | 61 | |
| 1691974663 | English take New Netherland from Dutch | (1664) To gain link between Virginia and New England | 62 | |
| 1691974664 | Roanoke | Founded by Sir Walter Raleigh (1587). CRO (1590). | 63 | |
| 1691974665 | Jamestown | Named after King James I, Queen Elizabeth. | 64 | |
| 1691974666 | John Smith | Led Jamestown | 65 | |
| 1691974667 | John Rolfe | Cultivated Tobacco, saves Jamestown | 66 | |
| 1691974668 | Servants | (Early 1600's) Indentured servants. (Late 1600 to Civil War) African slaves. | 67 | |
| 1691974669 | Plymouth Colony (MA) | Mayflower, 102 Pilgrams. Survive with Squanto's help. | 68 | |
| 1691974670 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | (March 1630) 900 Puritans set sail. 1,000 more by the end of the year. 20,000 by 1643. | 69 |
