APUSH Chap 23
Terms : Hide Images
| 611503638 | "Waving the bloody shirt" | An expression used as a vote getting stratagem by the Republicans during the election of 1876 to offset charges of corruption by blaming the Civil War on the Democrats. | |
| 611503639 | Jim Fisk | One of the two millionaire partners, who were notorius in the financial world. He provided the brass while the undersized and cunning Gould provided the brains. | |
| 611503640 | Credit Mobilier | a joint-stock company organized in 1863 and reorganized in 1867 to build the Union Pacific Railroad. It was involved in a scandal in 1872 in which high government officials were accused of accepting bribes. | |
| 611503641 | Whiskey Ring | During the Grant administration, a group of officials were importing whiskey and using their offices to avoid paying the taxes on it, cheating the treasury out of millions of dollars. | |
| 611503642 | Liberal Republicans | Party formed in 1872 (split from the ranks of the Republican Party) which argued that the Reconstruction task was complete and should be set aside. Significantly dampered further Reconstructionist efforts. | |
| 611503643 | "Crime of '73" | through the coinage act of 1873, the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. this was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver | |
| 611503644 | Greenback Labor Party | Political party devoted to improving the lives of laborers and raising inflation, reaching its high point in 1878 when it polled over a million votes and elected fourteen members of Congress. | |
| 611503645 | "Gilded Age" | A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government. | |
| 611503646 | Grand Army of the Republic (GAR) | a fraternal organization composed of veterans of the Union Army who had served in the American Civil War | |
| 611503647 | "Stalwarts" | Republicans in the 1870s who supported Ulysses Grant and Roscoe Conkling; they accepted machine politics and the spoils system and were challenged by other Republicans called Half-Breeds, who supported civil service reform. | |
| 611503648 | "Half-Breeds" | during the presidency of Rutherford B. Hayes (1877-1881), a moderate Republican party faction led by Senator James Blaine that favored some reforms of the civil service system and a restrained policy toward the defeated South. They were half loyal to Grant and half committed to reform the spoils system | |
| 611503649 | Compromise of 1877 | agreement that ended the disputed election of 1876 between Rutherford Hayes and Samuel Tilden; under its terms, the South accepted Hayes's election. In return, the North agreed to remove the last troops from the South, support southern railroads, and accept a southerner into the Cabinet. This is generally considered to mark the end of Reconstruction. | |
| 611503650 | Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) | The Supreme Court case that upheld a Louisiana segregation law on the theory that as long as the accommodations between the racially segregated facilities were equal, the equal protection clause was not violated. The Court's ruling effectively established the constitutionality of racial segregation and the notion of "separate but equal." | |
| 611503651 | Chinese Exclusion Act | United States federal law passed on May 6, 1882, following revisions made in 1880 to the Burlingame Treaty of 1868. Those revisions allowed the U.S. to suspend immigration, and Congress subsequently acted quickly to implement the suspension of Chinese immigration, a ban that was intended to last 10 years. | |
| 611503652 | U.S. vs Wong Kim | Supreme Court ruled in favor of Chinese born Americans, felt that they could not strip them of citizenship because of 14th Amendment | |
| 611503653 | Pendleton Act | Federal legislation which created a system in which federal employees were chosen on the basis of competitive examinations, therefore making merit, or ability, the reason for hiring people to fill federal positions | |
| 611503654 | Mugwumps | A group of renegade Republicans who supported 1884 Democratic presidential nominee Grover Cleveland instead of their party's nominee, James G. Blaine. | |
| 611503655 | "Billion-Dollar" Congress | Republican congress of 1890. passed record # of significant laws that helped shape later policies and asserted authority of federal govt., gave pensions to Civil War veterans, increased government silver purchases, and passed McKinley Tariff Act of 1890 | |
| 611503656 | McKinley Tariff | raised tariffs to the highest level they had ever been. Big business favored these tariffs because they protected U.S. businesses from foreign competition. | |
| 611503657 | People's Party | Started as Farmer's Alliance, farmers came together and became organized, translated into Populists. Wanted to unite farmers of south/west/poor blacks and whites and industrial/factory workers | |
| 611503658 | Soft/cheap money | paper money which is not connected to a treasury or gold supply, favored by debtors so their debts could be payed off for lose, when issued caused depreciation | |
| 611503659 | Hard/sound money | Paper money backed by gold; extremely important during late 1860's and early 1870's (Panic of 1873). Creditors wanted disappearance of greenbacks | |
| 611503660 | contraction | Policy which decreased the amount of money per capital in circulation between 1870 and 1880 | |
| 611503661 | resumption | 1879 - Congress said that greenbacks were redeemable for gold, but no one wanted to redeem them for face gold value. Because paper money was much more convenient than gold, they remained in circulation; helped get America out of recession | |
| 611503662 | spoils system | rewarding people with government jobs on the basis of their political support | |
| 611503663 | crop-lien system | System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans. | |
| 611503664 | pork-barrel bills | When congress votes for an unnecessary building project so that a member can get more district popularity | |
| 611503665 | populism | the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite | |
| 611503666 | grandfather clause | A clause in registration laws allowing people who do not meet registration requirements to vote if they or their ancestors had voted before 1867. | |
| 611503667 | "Ohio idea" | 1867 - Senator George H. Pendleton proposed an idea that Civil War bonds be redeemed with greenbacks. It was not adopted. | |
| 611503668 | Tweed Ring | the corrupt part of Tammany Hall in New York City, that Samuel J. Tilden, the reform governor of New York had been instrumental in overthrowing. | |
| 611503669 | Bland-Allison Act | an 1878 law passed over the veto of President Rutherford B. Hayes requiring the U.S. treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. The goal was to subsidize the silver industry in the Mountain states and inflate prices. | |
| 611503670 | "redeemers" | white Democrats who used their political power to oppress the Black community | |
| 611503671 | "Rum, Romanism, and Rebellion" | an insult made against NY Irish-Americans by a republican clergyman in the 1884 election. Blaine's failure to repudiate this statement lost him NY and contributed to his defeat by Grover Cleveland. | |
| 611503672 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | Required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each month for use as currency. |
