Colonization
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| 446278120 | joint-stock company | Companies made up of group of investors who bought the right to establish plantations from the king | |
| 446278121 | Virginia Company | The first joint-stock company in the colonies; founded Jamestown; promised gold, conversion of Indian to Christianity, and passage to the Indies | |
| 446278122 | Jamestown | First permanent British colony established in New World (in 1607); Located in Virginia | |
| 446278123 | Captain John Smith | Jamestown's survival was largely due to his leadership; established harsh martial law in the colony to ensure that those who did not work would not eat | |
| 446278124 | John Rolfe | Eased tensions b/t colonists and Indians when he married Pocahontas; discovered a new strain of tobacco; Tobacco cultivations became crucial to Virginia's economy; established the plantation system | |
| 446278125 | Pocahontas | Chief Powatan's daughter; Instrumental in preserving peace in Jamestown | |
| 446278126 | royal colony | Colony administered by a royal governor appointed by the king or queen of the mother country; Ex. VA, NY | |
| 446278127 | Puritans | Protestants who wished to purify the Anglican Church by breaking away from Catholic practices and barring people from the church who were not commited | |
| 446278128 | Pilgrims (Separatists) | Radical Protestants who wished to break from the Anglican Church entirely; Left England to settler in Netherlands but did not approve of the "Dutchification" of their children; enveutally settled in New World to avoid religious persecution | |
| 446278129 | Mayflower | One of the three ships on which the Pilgrims sailed to the New World | |
| 446278130 | Mayflower Compact | Regarded not as a constitution but as an agreement; Recognized James I as sovereign leader and all settlers as governing body; Agreed to majority rule | |
| 446278131 | John Winthrop | Governor of MBC; Wished to create "city upon a hill" in which morals were strictly enforced | |
| 446278132 | Virginia House of Burgesses | First miniature parliament authorized by London Company in 1619 in British American colonies; representative self-gov't; grant revoked by James I who thought assembly was dangerous and made VA a royal colony | |
| 446278133 | Chesapeake colonies | Comprised of MD and VI; had characteristics of both the Middle and Southern colonies - slavey and tobacco (South), farmed grain (Middle) | |
| 446278134 | Sir William (Governor) Berkeley | Enacted friendly policies toward the Indians, eventually leading to Bacon's Rebellion | |
| 446278135 | Bacon's Rebellion | Freedmen (former indentured servants) had difficulty working and living within the colonies and would often squat on Indian land; after several attacks from Indians, the freedmen requested protection from the gov't (Berkeley); when he refused to send aid and instead enacted policies to help the Indians, the freedmen were outraged; Nathaniel Bacon, an aristocrat and member of the House of Burgesses began mobilizing a militia to protect whites from Indians; massacred Indians and set fire to Jamestown causing Berkeley to flee; after Bacon died of disease, Berkeley crushed the rebellion; SIGNIFICANCE: colonists began to realize how dangerous indentured servants were becoming and upped slave imports | |
| 446278136 | indentured servant | Individuals whose voyages to the New World were paid by others; in return for the free voyage, they would have to work for the provider for a certain period of time | |
| 446278137 | slavery | Captured or traded from Africa and brought to the Americas along the Middle Passage; considered property of wealthy whites, treated harshly; Essentially replaced indentured servitude | |
| 446278138 | Roger Williams | Minister from Salem; extreme Separatist who argued legality of MBC and Plymouth b/c both colonies were built on Indian land which the King had no authority over; Strongly believed in separation of church and state, King should have nothing to do with religious matters; | |
| 446278139 | Providence | In present-day RI; Established by Roger Williams on land he purchased from the Indians; Vowed to accepts all settlers regardless of their beliefs | |
| 446278140 | Anne Hutchinson | Dubbed a heretic and banished from MBC b/c of her radical beliefs in antinomianism | |
| 446278141 | antinomianism | Essentially anarchy; Hutchinson's believe that man did not need to follow laws as his behavior has not bearing on his predestined outcome | |
| 446278142 | Thomas Hooker | A reverend from Boston who led a group into present-day CN where they established the town of Hartford; against the strict policies of Winthrop and the MBC | |
| 446278143 | Halfway Covenant | A form of partial church membership to encourage children and grandchildren of first-genertation settlers to renew piety and abandon quests for material wealth | |
| 446278144 | QUAKERS | Official title for the religion; stronger opponents to authority and Anglican church than the Puritans - often persecuted because they were considered dangerous; believed in "inner light" not scripture or bishop; Asserted that all men were equal in the eyes of God - challenged social order | |
| 446278145 | William Penn | Founded Pennsylvania as a haven for Quakers and as an experiment of liberal ideas in gov't while making a profit | |
| 446278146 | James Oglethorpe | founded GA, the last British American colony established, as a haven for debtors as well as a buffer state to prevent any Indian or Spanish incursions from the South (FL) | |
| 446278147 | mercantilism | Idea that colonies existed solely for the benefit of the mother country; provided raw material and resources for England; goal is to export more than import | |
| 446278148 | Dominion of New England | Main purpose was to outline and enforce Navigation Laws to protect mercantilist system in the colonies; created by Lords of Trade to unite all colonies after MBC's charter was revoked; prohibited meetings, revoked land titles, prevented smuggling, taxed heavily | |
| 446278149 | Sir Edmond Andros | appointed by James II to oversee the enforcement of the Dominion of New England; despised by colonists for autocracy and loyalty for Anglican church | |
| 446278150 | Glorious Revolution | England's bloodless revolution in which James II was dethroned and replaced by William and Mary; Andros was subsequently arrested and shipped to England; Dominion and Navigation Laws no longer enforced | |
| 446278151 | triangular trade | Illegal trade b/t colonies, West Indies, and Africa designed to circumvent Navigation Laws; Indies sent sugar to New England, NE sent rum to Indies, Africa sent slaves to Indies, Indies sent slaves to NE, Indies sent rum to Africa | |
| 446278152 | Middle Passage | The journey slaves took across the Atlantic from Africa to the colonies; very brutal, awful circumstances | |
| 446278153 | Great Awakening | First mass social movement in American history; religious revival initiated by Jonathan Edwards | |
| 446278154 | Jonathan Edwards | credited with starting the Great Awakening in Northampton in 1734; encouraged the idea of salvation thru good works and emphasized eternal damnation; powerful, logical writer and speaker | |
| 446278155 | George Whitefield | most influential figure of The Great Awakening; amazing orator who appealed to the Bible; founded methodism in GA and SC | |
| 446278156 | Benjamin Franklin | Writings had huge impact on shaping the American character; helped establish the University of Pennsylvania | |
| 446278157 | Poor Richard's Almanack | collection of writings of many thinkers of the day; emphasized thrift, morality, industry, common sense | |
| 446278158 | town meetings | Held in New England as a form of local administration | |
| 446278159 | Metacom | Name by which King Phillip went by; Wampanoag chief; declared war on Puritan NE towns damaging and burning many; later executed | |
| 446358357 | Headright system | system where people could pay for others to travel to the New World and receive land | |
| 446358358 | Jamestown | An economic venture Financed by the Virginia Company of London. Became the first permanent English settlement in North America in 1607. | |
| 446358359 | Powhatan | Chief of the Powhatan who formed an alliance with the English settlement at Jamestown | |
| 446358360 | Starving time | Where disease and drought struck and left 40 people | |
| 446358361 | Tobacco Society | Main export was tobacoo High demand in the colonies Demanding crop Need for labor and indian land | |
| 446358362 | Planter | cultivated tobacco had a lot of say in gov Mainly in Chesapeake Earned 3 times more than Englishmen | |
| 446358363 | Opechancanough | Brother of powhatan. Replaced him as chief and led an all out assault killing a third of the English population. | |
| 446358364 | Yeoman Farmer | A farmer who owned a small plot of land sufficient to support a family and tilled largely by servants and a few family members | |
| 446358365 | Grandees | elite planters with operating the government for their private gain | |
| 446358366 | Bacon's Laws | Local settlers had a voice in setting tax levies, forbade officeholders from demanding bribes or extra fees, placed limits on holding multiple offices, restored the vote to all freemen | |
| 446358367 | West Indies | Caribbean | |
| 446358368 | Southern Colonies | SC, NC, Maryland, Virginia, Georgia | |
| 446358369 | New England Colonies | Mass, Connecticut, RI, New Hampshire, | |
| 446358370 | Arbella Sermon | Winthrop's speech which explained how the Puritans had entered a covenant with God | |
| 446358371 | City upon a hill | Ideal society, set an example | |
| 446358372 | Covenant of Grace/ Predestination | God chooses everything for you and you have no control over anything | |
| 446358373 | Covenant of Works | Life for obedience, death for disobedience | |
| 446358374 | Salem Witch Trials | Group of girls accused of witchcraft and resulted in conviction of many and execution | |
| 446358375 | Middle Colonies | Delaware, New Jersey, New York, Penn | |
| 446358376 | New Netherlands | ... | |
| 446358377 | Land Grants | plots of land received to farmers and immigrants coming over | |
| 446358378 | Navigation Acts | • Passed under the mercantilist system, regulated trade in order to benefit the British economy. Restricted trade between England and its colonies to English or colonial ships, required certain colonial goods to pass through England before export, provided subsidies for the production of certain raw goods in the colonies, and banned colonial competition in large-scale manufacturing. | |
| 446358379 | King Philip's War | Series of raids led by Mettacom | |
| 446358380 | Slaveholding Gentry | looked down on poor whites but saw them as equal in public | |
| 446358381 | Deep South | ... | |
| 446358382 | Task System | allowed slaves more freedom and control over their own pace of work, when they were done they were allowed to do whatever | |
| 446358383 | Olaudah Equiano | Published an account of his slave journey in 1789. Discussed the fear there was being a slave. | |
| 446358384 | Stono Rebellion | 20 slaves attacked a country store, killed 2 storekeepers, burned plantations, and killed over 20 whites | |
| 446358385 | Deism | ... | |
| 446358386 | American Philosophicall Society | ... | |
| 446358387 | Enlightenment | ... | |
| 446358388 | Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God | ... | |
| 446358389 | William Tennent | ... |
