American Pageant Until 1 (Chapters 1-8)
Terms : Hide Images
| 950263089 | People; | ... | |
| 950263090 | Christian Crusaders | the crusades were attempts by "Christians" in the 10th through 12th centuries A.D. to reclaim land in the Middle East that had been conquered by Muslims / Arabs. The crusades were brutal and evil. Many people were forced to "convert" to Christianity. If they refused, they were put to death. This is blatantly unbiblical...and perhaps that is the best summary of the issue. The idea of conquering a land through war and violence in the Name of Christ is completely unbiblical. The crusades may have been done by so-called Christians...but many of the actions that took place in the crusades were completely antithetical to everything the Christian faith should stand for | |
| 950263091 | Walter Raleigh | an English aristocrat, writer, poet, soldier, courtier, spy, and explorer. He is also well known for popularizing tobacco in England. Raleigh sailed to America with explorer Sir Humphrey Gilbert, his half brother. In 1585, he sponsored the first English colony in America on Roanoke Island | |
| 950263092 | John Peter Zenger | he started the New York Weekly Journal, the second newspaper in the colony of New York, competing with the Gazette published by his former master. Stridently partisan in its approach, the Journal was relentless in its criticism and lampooning of Royal Governor William Cosby (1690-1736) and his administration, and on 17 November 1734 Cosby had Zenger arrested and imprisoned for seditious libel. Though Zenger had neither written nor edited the pieces that outraged the Governor, as publisher he could be held liable under law. He was found not guilty & lead us to freedom of speech | |
| 950263093 | Albany Congress | n June of 1754, representatives from seven colonies met with 150 Iroquois Chiefs in Albany, New York. The purposes of the Albany Congress were twofold; to try to secure the support and cooperation of the Iroquois in fighting the French, and to form a colonial alliance based on a design by Benjamin Franklin. | |
| 950263094 | John Adams | dams became a prominent public figure in his activities against the Stamp Act, in response to which he wrote and published a popular article, Essay on the Canon and Feudal Law. In the Continental Congress, in 1775, he nominated Washington to be commander-in-chief on the colonial armies. | |
| 950263095 | Loyalists/tories | Loyalists/Tories-Loyalists were British North American colonists who remained loyal subjects of the British crown during the American Revolution. They were also called Tories | |
| 950263096 | Patriots/whigs | Patriots/Whigs- supported the Revolution | |
| 950263097 | Puritans | The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England and worked towards religious, moral and societal reforms. The writings and ideas of John Calvin, a leader in the Reformation, gave rise to Protestantism and were pivotal to the Christian revolt. They contended that The Church of England had become a product of political struggles and man-made doctrines. The Puritans were one branch of dissenters who decided that the Church of England was beyond reform. Escaping persecution from church leadership and the King, they came to America. | |
| 950263098 | Cortes/Aztecs | Cortes: Cuban, went to explore central Mexico, when he got there there were people called Aztecs, he was impressed with how they lived, he couldn't overthrow them | |
| 950263099 | Iroquois Confederacy | confederation of five (later six) Indian tribes across upper New York state that during the 17th and 18th centuries played a strategic role in the struggle between the French and British for mastery of North America. The five Iroquois nations, characterizing themselves as "the people of the longhouse," were the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca. After the Tuscarora joined in 1722, the confederacy became known to the English as the Six Nations and was recognized as such at Albany, New York (1722). | |
| 950263100 | Humphrey Gilbert | (26) An English explorer and the half-brother of Walter Raleigh, he spearheaded England's efforts to colonize Newfoundland. Sadly, before he could accomplish this, he lost his life while at sea in 1583 | |
| 950263101 | New lights/Old lights | old lights were simply orthodox members of the clergy who believed that the new ways of revivals and emotional preaching were unnecessary; new lights were the more modern-thinking members of the clergy who strongly believed in the Great Awakening | |
| 950263102 | Samuel De Champlain (Father of New France) | Samuel de Champlain was the single most important factor in the initial success of French attempts at gaining a foothold in America. He spent the majority of his life in New France and devoted considerable energy to its success. He crossed the Atlantic more than twenty times, going back and forth to encourage and maintain support for the venture. During his first voyage to the region in 1603, under the command of François Gravé, he traveled up the Saguenay River and went as far west as Montreal. He then made a series of voyages under Pierre du Gua de Monts between 1604 and 1607. In 1608 Champlain again turned his attention to the St. Lawrence River, and on the third of July, 1608, established himself at Quebec, his base camp for further exploration. The summer of 1609 found him at Lake Champlain fighting alongside his Indian allies in a skirmish against the Mohawk. After wintering in France Champlain again sailed to Canada in the spring of 1610, only to leave again upon hearing of the assassination of Henri IV. He returned again for the summer season of 1611, then spent the following year and a half in France writing a book about his experiences (Les Voyages of 1613) and working to raise funds and support for the Canadian venture. | |
| 950263103 | Johnathan Edwards | An American theologian and congregational clergyman whose sermons stirred the religious revival (Great Awakening); known for sinners in the hands of an angry god sermon. | |
| 950263104 | Crispus Attucks | In 1770, Crispus Attucks, a black man, became the first casualty of the American Revolution when he was shot and killed in what became known as the Boston Massacre. Although Attucks was credited as the leader and instigator of the event, debate raged for over as century as to whether he was a hero and a patriot, or a rabble-rousing villain. | |
| 950263105 | Francis Drake | Drake made one of the first English slaving voyages as part of a fleet led by his cousin John Hawkins, bringing African slaves to work in the 'New World'. All but two ships of the expedition were lost when attacked by a Spanish squadron. The Spanish became a lifelong enemy for Drake and they in turn considered him a pirate. | |
| 950263106 | Samuel Adams | American Revolutionary leader and patriot, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence | |
| 950263107 | George Washington | Washington led the American army during the War of Independence and was the first president of the United States. He is one of the most important figures in American history. | |
| 950263108 | Richard Henry Lee | the era of the French and Indian War, Lee formed a militia troop of young men in his neighborhood, was elected the leader, and marched his troop to a council in Alexandria where General Braddock was preparing a campaign on the Ohio river. The young men were rebuffed by the General and returned home. In 1757 Lee was appointed Justice of the Peace, and was shortly thereafter elected to the Virginia House of Burgesses. He was amongst those radical members of the Burgesses who met at the Raleigh tavern when the house was dissolved by the Royal Governor. In 1774 he was elected to attend the first Continental Congress. | |
| 950263109 | Major events; | ... | |
| 950263110 | Bacons Rebellion | an uprising in 1676 in the Virginia Colony, led by Nathaniel Bacon. It was the first rebellion in the American colonies in which discontented frontiersmen took part; a similar uprising in Maryland occurred later that year. The uprising was a protest against the governor of Virginia, William Berkeley. | |
| 950263111 | Georgia Founding | In 1732, James Oglethorpe was given a charter from King George II to create a new colony which he would name Georgia. This was located between South Carolina and Florida. It had two main purposes: to serve as a place where debtors in prison could go to start anew and it served as a barrier against Spanish expansion from Florida. | |
| 950263112 | Indentured servants | people who paid for their transportation by pledging to perform five to seven years of labor for the landowner. | |
| 950263113 | Important Documents; | ... | |
| 950263114 | Headright system | Colonial system of awarding a tract of land, usually fifty acres, to a person who paid for the passage of an indentured servant to the colonies. Some wealthy people in Virginia and other southern colonies accumulated huge tracts of land through this system. | |
| 950263115 | Declaratory act | 1766, law passed by the British parliament that declared the American colonies subject to British law. | |
| 950263116 | Olive Branch Petition | A document sent by the Second Continental Congress to King George III, proposing a reconciliation between the colonies and Britain | |
| 950263117 | Mayflower compact | 1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony | |
| 950263118 | Intolerable Acts | (4.1) passed by Parliament in 1774 in reaction to the Boston Tea Party. Passed series of measures including shutting down Boston Harbor and the Quartering Act, which allowed British commanders to house soldiers in vacant private homes and other buildings. This resulted in the colonists forming the First Continental Congress and drawing up a declaration of colonial rights. - Tom says this was a combination of the Coercive Acts and the Quebec Act. | |
| 950263119 | Act of toleration | Act of Parliament granting freedom of worship to Nonconformists | |
| 950263120 | Proclamation of 1763 | A proclamation from the British government which forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalacian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. | |
| 950263121 | Stamp Act | (1765) Part of Grenville's plan to defray the cost of maintaining the British army along the American frontier. Revenue stamps were attached to printed matter and legal documents, newspapers, and insurance papers etc. For the colonists the main issue was | |
| 950263123 | 3 sister farming | Growing 3 crops in one place with the staple crop being corn; developed by the Native Americans. Helped feed larger groups of people. | |
| 950263124 | British Advantages | larger population, financial resources, highly trained and professional army, Royal Navy controlled seas and trade, Native American tribes helped British, Many Americans opposed independence, Black American slaves were offered freedom if they helped the British | |
| 950263127 | British Disadvantages | were fighting other countries at the time; European style of fighting not suitable for North American wilderness, British had logistical problems across Atlantic Ocean, British army had to destroy Washington's army | |
| 950263129 | Colonists Advantages | great leadership of General George Washington, fighting on home ground, strong motivation | |
| 950263130 | Colonists Disadvantages | No Navy, No Army, No Official Government, Different Political Goals, One Third Population Were Tories | |
| 950263131 | Middle colonies | New York New Jersey and Pennsylvania. had fertile soil moderate winters warm summers and a good growing season and economy was based on farming mineing craft jobs cash crops grain manufacturing and trade | |
| 950263132 | North vs South | north: more resources, man power industries food production and railroads Abraham Lincoln was the leader and their purpose was to preserve the union south: had a world market for cotton and had a long military history, Jefferson Davis was their president and their purpose was to defend their homeland and livelihood | |
| 950263133 | Middle passage | A voyage that brought enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to North America and the West Indies | |
| 950263134 | mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests |
