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| a machine for cleaning the seeds from cotton fibers, invented by Eli Whitney in 1793 | ||
| a group of slaves in Virginia unsuccessfully attempted to overthrow planter families | ||
| bought land in Africa for free blacks to move to (Liberia) | ||
| inventor who built early sewing machines and won suits for patent infringement against other manufacturers | ||
| The potato crops in Ireland became diseased and the Irish starved. Set off the immigration to the U.S. | ||
| a nativist political movement empowered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholic immigrants. The party called for restrictions on immigration and on naturalized citizenship. | ||
| banned slavery in any territory to be acquired from Mexico in the Mexican War or in the future; included the disputed lands in south Texas and New Mexico east of the Rio Grande. | ||
| The concept that political power rests with the people who can create, alter, and abolish government. People express themselves through voting and free participation in government | ||
| Formed in 1847 - 1848, dedicated to opposing slavery in newly acquired territories such as Oregon and ceded Mexican territory. | ||
| Senator from Illinois, author of the Kansas-Nebraska Act and the Freeport Doctrine, argues in favor of popular sovereignty. Debated Lincoln for Democratic presidential nominee. Lost to Lincoln. | ||
| Forestalled the Civil War by instating the Fugitive Slave Act , banning slave trade in DC, admitting California as a free state, splitting up the Texas territory, and instating popular sovereignty in the Mexican Cession | ||
| laws that provided for the return of escaped slaves to their owners | ||
| Treaty with Britain establishing the northeastern boundary of the U.S. | ||
| church founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 with headquarters in Salt Lake City, Utah, religious group that emphasized moderation, saving, hard work, and risk-taking; moved from IL to UT | ||
| religious leader who founded the Mormon Church | ||
| American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the western United States; founder of Salt Lake City and the first governor of Utah Territory | ||
| Treaty between the United States and Great Britain that set the boundary of the Oregon Territory | ||
| American slave owners revolted against the Mexican government when they banned slavery. This created disputes over the land's ownership. | ||
| region of the present day southwestern United States that was ceded to the U.S. by Mexico under the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo following the Mexican-American War; slavery issue dominated politics | ||
| the purchasing of land from Mexico that completed the continental United States; It provided the land needed to build the transcontinental railroad. | ||
| - Romantic Movement writer known especially for his macabre poems, such as "The Raven" | ||
| Romantic Movement (dark) novelist and short story writer; wrote the Scarlett Letter | ||
| American writer whose experiences at sea provided the factual basis of Moby-Dick (1851), considered among the greatest American novels. | ||
| American transcendentalist who was against a government that supported slavery | ||
| American poet between Transcendentalism and realism | ||
| nurse and activist for the poor insane; created the first generation of American mental asylums | ||
| 1805-1879. Prominent American abolitionist, journalist and social reformer. Editor of radical abolitionist newspaper "The Liberator", and one of the founders of the American Anti-Slavery Society. | ||
| United States abolitionist who escaped from slavery and became an influential writer and lecturer in the North (1817-1895) | ||
| A woman who published a pamphlet arguing for equal rights of women called "Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women". She also argued for equal education opportunities | ||
| A member of the women's right's movement in 1840; advocated for woman suffrage at the Women's Right's Convention in Seneca, New York | ||
| A Quaker who attended an anti-slavery convention in 1840 and her party of women was not recognized. She and Stanton called the first women's right convention in New York in 1848 | ||
| In the spirit of the declaration of Independence declared that all men and women are created equal. One resolution demanded the ballot for women. This meeting launched the modern women's rights movement. | ||
| Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he was a prominent proponent of public school reform, and set the standard for public schools throughout the nation. | ||
| Author of the antislavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin | ||
| A Missouri slave sued for his freedom, claiming that his four year stay in the northern portion of the Louisiana Territory made free land by the Missouri Compromise had made him a free man. The U.S, Supreme Court decided he couldn't sue in federal court because he was property, not a citizen. | ||
| A moral crusade to immediately end the system of human slavery in the United States | ||
| intentionally breaking or defying the law to call attention to what is believed to be evil or injustice. | ||
| The position on slavery taken by Stephen Douglas during the debates with Lincoln in 1858. Slavery could not exist if local legislation did not accept it. Douglas refused to say whether he believed slavery was right or wrong. | ||
| Created two new territories with slavery decided by popular sovereignty; it effectively repealed the Missouri Compromise as it applied to slavery north of the Compromise line | ||
| Response to the increased immigration in the 1840s, it reflected a fear that the United States was being taken over by foreigners. Nativism found a political expression in the American party, also known as the Know-Nothing party, which was founded in 1854 on a program of controlling immigration and requiring a longer naturalization period; the party was strongly anti-Catholic. | ||
| Proposed by Senator Lewis Cass, it meant that the decision to permit slavery in a territory was up to the territorial legislature; it was incorporated into the Compromise of 1850 for New Mexico and Utah territories. | ||
| An intellectual movement that stressed emotion, sentiment, and individualism. A reaction to rationalism and the classical revival. | ||
| American expression of the Romantic movement that emphasized the limits of reason, individual freedom, and nature; best represented by Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau, the author of Walden and Civil Disobedience. | ||
| The virtual civil war that erupted in Kansas in 1856 between pro-slavery and free soilers as a consequence of the Kansas-Nebraska Act. | ||
| Political slogan of the Democrats in the election of 1844, which claimed fifty-four degrees, forty minutes as the boundary of the Oregon territory claimed by the United States. The Treaty of 1846 with Great Britain set the boundary at the forty-ninth parallel. | ||
| The idea surfaced after the Mexican War that Congress had the authority to ban slavery in the newly acquired territories. It was embodied in the Wilmot Proviso. The advocates of "free soil" formed their own political party in 1848, and Martin Van Buren was their candidate for President. | ||
| Confederate bombardment and Union surrender that started the Civil War | ||
| leader and president of the Confederacy during the Civil War | ||
| Union strategy to blockade of the Southern ports and advance down the Mississippi River to cut the South in two | ||
| first major land battle of the Civil War; Confederate victory | ||
| first major battle in the Civil War to take place on Northern soil; bloodiest single-day battle in American history; tactical draw, but strategic Union victory | ||
| Union military leader during the Civil War; corrupt President after the war | ||
| commander of the Confederate Army of Northern Virginia in the Civil War | ||
| Union general; Peninsula Campaign to seize Richmond ended in failure, removed from command by President Lincoln | ||
| Confederate general under Robert E. Lee | ||
| major western battle; very bloody; Confederate attack but Union victory | ||
| final major military action in the Vicksburg Campaign; Union (Grant) seized the city and gained control of the Mississippi River | ||
| Union ironclad that fought in the Battle of Hampton Roads | ||
| Confederate Ironclad that fought in the Battle of Hampton Roads | ||
| General Sherman led a campaign of total war across Georgia, inflicting damage to Southern industry and civilian property | ||
| Union victory &turning point of the Civil War; Lee invaded the North, but was defeated by Meade | ||
| Confederacy (Lee) defeated a Union army twice its size | ||
| Lee surrendered to Grant at this court house | ||
| Irish-American photographer who documented the American Civil War | ||
| allowed for the creation of land-grant colleges | ||
| called for the construction of a railroad and telegraph line from the Missouri river to the Pacific Ocean | ||
| established national charters for banks and was used to fund the Union; not effective | ||
| program proposed for the Reconstruction of the South written by Radical Republicans; required Confederate states to take the Ironclad oath before re-admittance to the Union | ||
| assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre | ||
| amendment that abolished slavery | ||
| amendment that ensured rights to citizens on the state level; removed the three-fifths clause; ensured that the US would not pay Confederate debt; ensured loyalty of Confederate legislators | ||
| amendment that ensures that race cannot be used as criteria for voting | ||
| made everyone born in the U.S (previous slaves) full citizens | ||
| President after Lincoln's assassination; presided over Civil War aftermath | ||
| opposed to slavery during the war, and after the war supported equal rights for freedmen | ||
| aided former slaves through education, health care, and employment | ||
| statutes dealing with Confederate readmission that were passed after the Civil War; vetoed by Johnson, but overridden by Congress o Created five military districts in the seceded states o Required congressional approval for new state constitutions (which were required for Confederate states to rejoin the Union) o Confederate states give voting rights to all men. o All former Confederate states must ratify the 14th Amendment | ||
| southern farms in which blacks/poor whites would farm land owned by a landlord | ||
| tried to restore white supremacy during Radical Republican control of Reconstruction by threats and violence against blacks | ||
| helped protect the voting rights of African-Americans and limit the activities of the KKK | ||
| one of the most disputed presidential elections; electoral votes awarded to Hayes in exchange for withdrawal of troops from the south | ||
| Democratic candidate for the U.S. presidency in the disputed election of 1876 | ||
| Passed by state legislatures in 1865-1866; granted former slaves right to marry, sue, testify in court, and hold property but with significant qualifications. | ||
| Slave states--Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri--that remained loyal to the Union; the secession of these states would have considerably strengthened the South. | ||
| Derogatory term for Northern Republicans who were involved in Southern politics during Radical Reconstruction. | ||
| Rutherford B. Hayes and other Republicans agreed that U. S. Troops would be withdrawn from the South, agreed to appoint a Southerner to the Cabinet, and pledged federal projects to the South in return for an end to Democratic opposition to official counting of the electoral votes for the disputed election of 1876. | ||
| Northern Democrats, also known as Peace Democrats, who opposed Lincoln's war policies and were concerned with the growth of presidential power. In the election of 1864, General George McClellan was nominated by the Democrats with their support. | ||
| Mob violence opposing conscription laws during the Civil War; the most violent occurred in New York City (July 1863). | ||
| Supreme Court decision involving presidential war powers; civilians could not be tried in military courts in wartime when the federal courts were functioning. | ||
| Agency created by Congress as the war ended to assist Civil War refugees and freed former slaves. | ||
| Wooden ships with metal armor that were employed by both sides during the Civil War | ||
| Put forward by Andrew Johnson, it included repeal of ordinances of secession, repudiation of Confederate debts, and ratification of the Thirteenth Amendment. By the end of 1865, only Texas had failed to meet these terms. | ||
| Provided for dividing states into military districts with military commanders to oversee voter registration that included adult African-American males for state conventions; state conventions to draft constitutions that provided for suffrage for black men; state legislatures to ratify the Fourteenth Amendment. | ||
| Term used to describe Southern white Republicans who had opposed secession | ||
| Common form of farming for freed slaves in the South; received a small plot of land, seed, fertilizer, tools from the landlord who decided what and how much should be planted; landlord usually took half of the harvest. | ||
| Lincoln's Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 1863) provided that new state government could be established in the South when ten percent of the qualified voters in 1860 took an oath of loyalty. |
