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| 2441503063 | Rutherford b hayes | A republican from ohio and was in elected as president from 1877 to 1881. Was known as the "Great Unknown." The Compromise of 1877 elected him as a Republican president to deal with the democrats | 0 | |
| 2441503064 | Chester arthur | He took over the presidency after the assassination of Garfield. The Pendleton Act of 1883 as well as the Civil Service Commission were reform acts that took place during his administration. He gave his former Stalwart pals the cold shoulder. | 1 | |
| 2441503065 | James garfield | The 20th U.S. president. Republican. Assassinated by Charles J. Guiteau 200 days after his election in 1881. | 2 | |
| 2441503066 | Election 1884 | It saw the first election of a Democrat as President of the United States since the election of 1856. Elected Grover Cleveland. | 3 | |
| 2441503067 | Grover cleveland | Winner of the popular vote for president three times. His crusade for political reform and fiscal conservatism made him an icon for American conservatives of the era. Was president two separate times. | 4 | |
| 2441503068 | Benjamin harrison | Former senator from Indiana. President that passed the McKinley Tariff. Criticized for "Billion Dollar Congress" | 5 | |
| 2441503069 | Pendleton act | Civil reform act. Stipulated that jobs should be given based on merit. Published in 1833. | 6 | |
| 2441503070 | Era of good stealings | Post-Civil War period marked by corruption in the railroad industry, stock market, politics, and judicial system. Also known as the Gilded Age. Jim Fisk and Jay Gould used the problems of this time to corner the gold market. | 7 | |
| 2441503071 | Liberal republican revolt 1872 | Reformers rose out of disgust for Grant's administration. Nominated Horace Greeley to be the leader. Wanted to end military reconstruction. | 8 | |
| 2441503072 | Resumption act 1875 | Pledged the government to withdraw greenbacks. Redeemed paper money in gold at face value. Implemented during Grant's presidency. | 9 | |
| 2441503073 | Bland Allison act 1878 | Requires the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars. Vetoed by President Hayes but the veto was overruled. Helped restore bimetallism with gold and silver both supporting the currency. | 10 | |
| 2441503074 | Stalwarts vs halfbreeds | Division of the Republican Party at the end of the 19th century. One faction was led by Roscoe Conkling and favored the spoils system. The other faction was led by James Blaine and were against the spoils system. | 11 | |
| 2441503075 | Hayes Tilden election 1876 | This election was broken by the Electoral Count Act. This event led to the Compromise of 1877. Republican nominee was the person who bagged Boss Tweed in New York. | 12 | |
| 2441503076 | Compromise 1877 | Informal deal that settled the disputed Election of 1876. Stated that Hayes could be president so long as he removed federal troops from areas in the South. Effectively ended Reconstruction. | 13 | |
| 2441503077 | James Fisk jay gold | Two men who unsuccessfully tried to corner the gold market in 1869. They bought large amounts of gold without selling it, driving the prices up and making stocks crash. Two men who headed a scandal during Grant's presidency contributing to the moniker of "Era of Good Stealings". | 14 | |
| 2441503078 | Bland Allison act | Two men who unsuccessfully tried to corner the gold market in 1869. They bought large amounts of gold without selling it, driving the prices up and making stocks crash. Two men who headed a scandal during Grant's presidency contributing to the moniker of "Era of Good Stealings". | 15 | |
| 2441503079 | Tammany hall w tweed | Head of New York City's democratic political machine through bossism. He gave food and appealed to the new immigrants in turn for votes. He also built the New York court house. | 16 | |
| 2441503080 | Big four railroads | Nickname for the owners of the largest train tracks including Leland Stanford, James Hill, Cornelius Vanderbilt, and Collis Huntington. These entrepreneurs were in charge the western part of the country. Eventually they united the East and the West via train tracks. | 17 | |
| 2441503081 | The new immigration | Post 1880s immigrants to the US. Mostly from Southern and Eastern European nations. Created many ethnic urban neighborhoods. | 18 | |
| 2441503082 | Mary baker eddy | Founder of Christian Science Church. Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. Wrote Science and Health with Key to the Scriptures. | 19 | |
| 2441503083 | Booker t washington | Famous speech "Atlanta Compromise" in 1895. Believed that blacks should accept segregation in the short term to anticipate eventual political equality. Former slave. | 20 | |
| 2441503084 | We'd du bois | Rejecting Booker T. Washington's gradualism and separatism, believed blacks should be mainstreamed into American society. First black to earn a Ph.D. at Harvard. Died as a self exile in Africa, 1963. | 21 | |
| 2441503085 | New morality | New attitude in America, caused soaring divorce rates, the spreading practice of birth control, and the frank discussion of sexual topics, stemmed from the new roles for women and the writing of Sigmund Freud and the Jazz age | 22 | |
| 2441503086 | Social darwinism | Came from Charles Darwin's theory, stated that the rich were rich and the poor were poor because of natural selection, this was the basis of many people who promoted a laissez faire style of economy | 23 | |
| 2441503087 | Gospel of wealth | Doctrine that stated that "godliness is in league with riches." Belief that the wealthy were trusted with society's riches so they had to prove themselves morally responsible. Practiced by tycoons such as Rockefeller and Carnegie | 24 | |
| 2441503088 | Pulitzer and hearst | Leaders in yellow journalism. Competitors who championed worthy causes and sensationalized the press for more circulation. Involved in sensationalizing the Spanish-American War. | 25 | |
| 2441503089 | Indian wars | A series of conflicts that took place between natives and white settlers. Caused due to Westward movement. Occured in Oregon, New Mexico, and Northern Montana. | 26 | |
| 2441503090 | The long drive | The process by which cowboys herded cattle long distances. Took place in Texas. Happened as a result of the Transcontinental Railroad. | 27 | |
| 2441503091 | Homestead act 1862 | Legislation that allowed a settler to acquire as much as 160 acres of land by living on it for 5 years, improving it, and paying a nominal fee of about $30. Land had terrible soil and harsh climate bad for growing crops. Bad until "dry farming" techniques and irrigation made the land America's Breadbasket | 28 | |
| 2441503092 | Safety valve theory | Stated that as people move west, there is frontierland to go around. The western lands acted as a relief to the population pressures in the east. Worked well until the west started to run out of land. | 29 | |
| 2441503093 | Turner thesis | Historian who wrote The Significance of the Frontier in American History, ideas outlined in a paper that the American spirit was to move westward. | 30 | |
| 2441503094 | Mary e lease | Speaker for the populist party, criticized wall street and was very pro- farmer. Made over one hundred and sixty speeches on behalf of the People's Party. | 31 | |
| 2441503095 | Patrons of husbandry | Organization that worked to enhance the lives of farmers through social, educational, and fraternal activities. Started by Oliver H. Kelley in 1867. Gained political power in many Midwestern states until the Wabash Decision was made. | 32 | |
| 2441503096 | Helen hunt jackson | Wrote A Country of Dishonor and Ramona.Made Americans reassess their morals. Got sympathy for Native Americans. | 33 | |
| 2441503097 | William hope harvey | Defended a white man who married an African American woman. Practiced law in Illinois and Ohio. Known for his support of using silver to back currency rather than the gold standard. | 34 | |
| 2441503098 | Dawes act | Created to stimulate the assimilation of Indians into mainstream American society during the late 1890s to early 1900s. Also known as the General Allotment Act. Allowed the President to divide reservation lands into allotments for individual Indian ownership. | 35 | |
| 2441503099 | Benjamin harrison | Former senator from Indiana. President that passed the McKinley Tariff. Criticized for "Billion Dollar Congress" | 36 | |
| 2441503100 | Thomas czar reed | Republican Speaker of the House in 1888. Well-known for keeping Democrats in line. Earned the support of Theodore Roosevelt. | 37 | |
| 2441503101 | Billion dollar congress | The legislative body under President Benjamin Harrison that was known for its lavish spending habits. Passed the McKinley Tariff, Land Revision Act of 1891, and Anti-Sherman Act. Also 2 legislatures, one that recalled certain coins made of a specific metal, so that they could be minted, as well as passed a legislation that granted veterans, who served for at least 90 days, a grant of regular payments. | 38 | |
| 2441503102 | McKinley tariff | Passed during President Benjamin Harrison's presidency, by the 'Billion Dollar Congress.' Raised the dues on imports, especially sugar, to almost fifty percent. Counteracted by the Wilson-Gorman legislation that lowered American dues on imports. | 39 | |
| 2441503103 | Mark hanna | Successfully championed McKinley's presidential campaigns in the 1896 and 1900 presidential elections; Pro-business leader who supported the gold standard; Senator from Ohio from 1897-1904 | 40 | |
| 2441503104 | William Jennings bryan | A Nebraskan politician known as the "Boy Orator of the Platte." This individual quickly rose to fame after giving his "Cross of Gold" speech in support of Free Silver. He also was the Democratic presidential candidate three times, but never won. | 41 | |
| 2441503105 | Hicks v hofstadter | These men held different opinions about the Populist movements. One man believed that the Populists were honorable and were fighting to defend a simpler way of life. The other thought that the Populists were anti-intellectual and against modernism. | 42 | |
| 2441503106 | Election of 1892 | Former President Grover Cleveland running against the incumbent Benjamin Harrison. This was focusing on the issue of making a stable currency in the US. Cleveland would eventually win and be the first President to serve two non-consecutive terms. | 43 | |
| 2441503107 | Alfred t mahan | Colorless but homespun and honest governor of the Sunflower State of Kansas. A moderate who accepted some New Deal reforms although not the popular Social Security Act. Republican nominee for the election of 1936. Wrote The Influence of Sea Power Upon History. | 44 | |
| 2441503108 | Josiah strong | superiority to justify missionary action. And the second, the author of The Influence of Sea Power on History which revolutionized naval strategy respectively. | 45 | |
| 2441503109 | Pulitzer and hearst | Two exponents of yellow journalism, a type of reporting that was heavily sensationalized and exaggerated in order to attract readers. The first was the editor for The New York Journal. The second was key to Mexican-American War propaganda, "You furnish the pictures, I'll furnish the war" | 46 | |
| 2441503110 | George dewey | Navy officer who led invasion of the Philippines. Was an easy, non-bloody victory that made him a celebrated figure and boosted war morale. | 47 | |
| 2441503111 | Emilio aguinaldo | Recognized as the first president of the Philippines. Led forces against Spain during the Spanish-American War. Later captured by American forces during the Philippine-American War. | 48 | |
| 2441503112 | Teller amendment Platt amendment | Enacted in 1898 in response to President McKinley's War Message. Proclaimed the US could not annex Cuba, and must leave the control of the island to its people. Hoped to help Cuba gain independence and then withdraw all US troops. | 49 | |
| 2441503113 | Monroe doctrine | US foreign policy regarding European countries in 1823. Claimed attempts from Europe to colonize or interfere with states of North or South America would be seen as "acts of aggression", and would justify US intervention. Also stated US would not meddle in European affairs. | 50 | |
| 2441503114 | Open door policy | Began with a series of notes written by John Hay. Said that America would maintain free trade with China. Also acknowledged China's territorial claims as valid. | 51 | |
| 2441503115 | Theo roosevelt | President known for leading the Rough Riders. Formed the Progressive Party after dissatisfaction with Taft's policies. Well known for "busting trusts" | 52 | |
| 2441503116 | Roosevelt corollary | Addition to the Monroe Doctrine. Protected U.S. economic interest in South America. Claimed the U.S. could use military force to protect its interests. | 53 | |
| 2441503117 | Treaty of portsmouth | Person that ended the war between Russo-Japanese War. Was deemed worthy of a Nobel Peace Prize. This agreement as a result left neither party happy at the outcome of the signing. | 54 | |
| 2441503118 | Insular cases | Was to decide the fate of lands gained from the Spanish-American War. Determined to full constitutional rights are given to US controlled lands. Said that even if the people US citizens, they would not retain citizenship if deannexation occurred. | 55 | |
| 2441503119 | Drago doctrine | Was a based around Monroe Doctrine and the limiting of foreign intervention in Latin America. It said not the US or Europe could use force to collect debts from Latin American Countries. Caused the US to issue the Roosevelt Corollary to get around it. | 56 | |
| 2441503120 | Theo roosevelt | Received the Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War. Adopted the "Square Deal". Trust buster. | 57 | |
| 2441503121 | Dollar diplomacy | Investing money into foreign areas for strategic concern. Meant to strengthen US defenses and foreign policies. Adopted by Taft during his presidency. | 58 | |
| 2441503122 | Square deal | Control of the corporations. Consumer Protection. Conservation of the United States natural resources. | 59 | |
| 2441503123 | Initiative referendum recall | The three objectives that progressives sought. Would help regain the power that had slipped into the hands of "interests". This set of reforms would allow voters to directly propose legislation themselves, place laws on the ballot for final reform by the people, and would enable voters to remove elected officials. | 60 | |
| 2441503124 | Henry demarest lloyd | Progressive author. Wrote Wealth Against Commonwealth in 1894. Attacked the Standard Oil Company in his book | 61 | |
| 2441503125 | Reform ammendments | Set of constitutional legislation deemed as signs of political progressivism. Provided for direct election of U.S. senators, federal income tax, prohibition, and women's suffrage. Passed in early 1900s. | 62 | |
| 2441503126 | Jacob rise | An immigrant from Europe. He was disgusted by the living conditions of the tenement houses in the cities during the late 1800s. Wrote How The Other Half Lives to show the horrible living conditions | 63 | |
| 2441503127 | Elkins act | Passed in 1903. Allowed the Interstate Commerce Commision to have more power in the control of railroads.Fines companies who gave rebates and shippers who accept them. | 64 | |
| 2441503128 | Ida tarbell | Often referred to as the "Mother of Trusts". A muckraker who exposed the corruption of the oil industry. Wrote A History of Standard Oil. | 65 | |
| 2441503129 | Hepburn act | 1906 federal law. Gave ICC (Interstate Commerce Commission) the power to set maximum railroad rates and extend its jurisdiction. Led to discontinuation of free passes to loyal shippers | 66 | |
| 2441503130 | Lincoln Steffens | New York reporter. Launched series of articles in McClure's titled "The Shame of the Cities". Unmasked corrupt alliance between big corporations and municipal government. | 67 | |
| 2441503131 | Northern securities case | 1902 Roosevelt attacks railroad holding company organized by J.P. Morgan, Court held up Roosevelt's antitrust suit and ordered company to be dissolved, angered big business but greatly enhanced Roosevelt's reputation as a trust smasher. | 68 | |
| 2441503132 | David phillips | A muckraker, who had published a series in Cosmopolitan titled "The Treason of the Senate". He believed that 75 of 90 senators did not represent people but the railroads and trusts. He attacked the senate through novels and was eventually murdered by a deranged man. | 69 | |
| 2441503133 | Meat inspection act | This Act, passed in 1906, insured that meat products would be properly processed under sanitary conditions. The act also provided that food labels had to be accurate. This was due to criticism of the meat-packing industry in Upton Sinclair's novel, The Jungle. | 70 | |
| 2441503134 | Robert m lafollete | Known as "Fighting Bob". Governor of Wisconsin, he was a ran for presidency in 1924 under the Progressivist banner. He fought for reforms and fought against railroad monopolies and crooked corporations. | 71 | |
| 2441503135 | Pure food and drug act | This Act was passed in 1906 in a series of progressive reforms. The purpose behind this act was to make sure foods were labeled correctly. It also required all active ingredients in pharmaceuticals to be listed. | 72 | |
| 2441503136 | Hiram johnson | This man was a governor and senator running for the Bull Moose Party. He ran along side Theodore Roosevelt in the 1912 presidential elections. Founder of the Progressive Party. | 73 | |
| 2441503137 | Newlands reclamation act | The goal of this act was to fund irrigation in many arid states to then be sold by the government for profit. This act payed for irrigation programs for over twenty Western states. Resulted in the damming of almost every major Western river. | 74 | |
| 2441503138 | Charles Evan hughes | Secretary of State under Harding's administration. Proposed the construction of warships during the Washington Conference.Unsuccessful presidential candidate who lost to Wilson. | 75 | |
| 2441503139 | Payne Aldrich act | Signed by Taft in 1909 which raised tariff rates. This Tariff contradicted Taff's campaign promises. Eventually led to the split of the Republican Party. | 76 | |
| 2441503140 | Francis willard | American educator, women's suffragist. Heavily influenced the passing of the Eighteenth Amendment. Became the national president of the WCTU(Woman's Christian Temperance Movement) | 77 | |
| 2441503141 | Ballinger Pinchot affair | A dispute between a U.S. Forest Service and a U.S. Secretary. Contributed to the split of the Republican Party before the 1912 presidential election. Helped define the U.S. Conservation movement. | 78 | |
| 2441503142 | Upton sinclair | Author who wrote nearly 100 books, different genres. Known for The Jungle. Contribution to the Meat Inspection Act. | 79 | |
| 2441503143 | William taft | Only person to be the president of the United States and serve in the Chief Justice of the U.S. Was appointed Secretary of war by Teddy Roosevelt. Created the Dollar Diplomacy. | 80 | |
| 2441503144 | Woodrow wilson | Known for New Freedom and Moral Diplomacy. Lead during WWI. Created the Fourteen Points as ending terms for WWI. | 81 | |
| 2441503145 | New freedom | A policy made to attack the "triple wall of privilege". Created the Federal Reserve Act and Clayton Anti-Trust Act. Centralized the proposes of the New Deal 20 years later. | 82 | |
| 2441503146 | Herbert croly | Author of Promise of American Life. The book contained ideas that influenced TR. The ideas talked about support of "good trusts" and regulation of "bad trusts". | 83 | |
| 2441503147 | Underwood tariff | Act that lowered current tariffs by 15%. Passed during Wilson's presidency in 1913. Also Established a graduated income tax. | 84 | |
| 2441503148 | Eugene debs | Leader of the American Socialist party. Imprisoned for public criticism of WWI through the alien and sedition acts. Ran for president 4 times and lost. | 85 | |
| 2441503149 | Federal reserve act | Act that empowered banks to issue paper currency. Created 12 regional districts, each having its own central bank.This act issued by congress by passed by Wilson in 1913, restructuring the current banks. | 86 | |
| 2441503150 | Louis d brandeis | He fought railroad monopolies, defended workplace and labor laws; as well as helping to create the Federal Reserve System. Nominated by President Woodrow WIlson in 1916 for a spot on the supreme court and was confirmed making him the first person of Jewish faith in the court. | 87 | |
| 2441503151 | Federal trade commission | Established in 1914 its principal mission is the promotion of consumer protection and the elimination and prevention of monopolies. Created by President Woodrow Wilson as one of his major acts against trusts. | 88 | |
| 2441503152 | Venustiano carranza | One of the leaders of the mexican revolution and became President of Mexico. During his regime the current constitution of Mexico was draft. He was assassinated near the end of his term of office. | 89 | |
| 2441503153 | Clayton anti trust act | New legislation constructed to remedy the deficiencies of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act. Exempted labor unions from being called trusts. Legalized strikes and peaceful protesting for labor unions which cut down on monopoly. | 90 | |
| 2441503154 | Pancho villa | A mixture of Robin Hood and bandit. He challenged President Carranza of Mexico and punished the gringos. Tried to provoke a war between Wilson and Carranza and eluded American forces. | 91 | |
| 2441503155 | Jones act | Signed by Wilson in 1916. Gave the Philippines a territorial status and promised independence when a government was established. It took 30 years before it became independent. | 92 | |
| 2441503156 | John j pershing | Given the nickname "Black Jack". He was the only person to be titled General of Armies in his life. He also led the American Expeditionary Forces. | 93 | |
| 2441503157 | Lusitania | This eventually led to World War I. British ship that was sunk by a German U-boat. Many British and American people died which angered them. | 94 | |
| 2441503158 | Kaiser Wilhelm ii | He supported Austria-Hungary at the beginning of World War I. He was the last German emperor from 1888-1918. After his army failed to back him up, he fled to Netherlands. | 95 | |
| 2441503159 | Sussex pledge | World War I agreement prior to U.S entry into the war. Germany agrees not to sink passenger ships and merchant vessels without giving warning and the United States would have to persuade the Allies to modify what Berlin regarded as their illegal blockade. It was ultimately broken. | 96 | |
| 2441503160 | New nationalism | Theodore Roosevelt's domestic platform during the 1912 election. Doctrine that urged the national government to increase its power to remedy economic and social abuses. Contained progressive ideals. | 97 | |
| 2441503161 | Gabriel princip | Member of the Black Hand. Assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Provided the spark for the powder barrel of the Balkans. | 98 | |
| 2441502967 | 14 points | Proposed by Woodrow Wilson towards the end of WWI. Outlined his ideas regarding postwar peace agreements and guidelines. Born from this was the idea for the League of Nations. | 99 | |
| 2441502968 | Von scheiffen plan | A battle plan proposed in 1905. Created by chief of the German general staff. Allowed Germany the capability of successfully waging a two-front war. | 100 | |
| 2441502969 | League of nations | The 14th point of Wilson's 14 Point plan. An organization for the purpose of international cooperation between countries. Initiated by the victorious allied powers of WWI. | 101 | |
| 2441502970 | George creel | In charge of gaining supporters for US in WWI. Sent out "four-minute men" to speak about "patriotic prep". Headed the Committee on Public Information. | 102 | |
| 2441502971 | Espionage sedition acts | Passed because of suspicions of disloyalty from German-Americans and anti-war Americans. Challenged by the case Schenck v. United States. Convicted many socialists. | 103 | |
| 2441502972 | Bernard baruch | Speculator of stocks. President Wilson's financial advisor. Head of the War Industries Board. | 104 | |
| 2441502973 | War industries board | Intended to help the economic confusion of WWI. Disbanded after war due to lack of powers. Leader was Bernard Baruch | 105 | |
| 2441502974 | Marshal foch | Was French supreme commander of the Allied forces. Motto was "To make war is to attack". Famous for regaining the marne and stabilizing the Allied position at Chalons. | 106 | |
| 2441502975 | iww | Organization that united industry workers. Were persecuted under Espionage Act of 1917 and Sedition Act of 1918. Leader was William D. Haywood. | 107 | |
| 2441502976 | Henry Cabot lodge | This man was a republican senator and close advisor for Theodore Roosevelt. He was angered by president Woodrow Wilson and the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles. He wanted Congress to have the ability to declare war | 108 | |
| 2441502977 | Food admin | Created during WWI. Agency responsible for the Allies' food reserves. Implemented concepts such as "Meatless Mondays" and "Wheatless Wednesdays" to help the public ration goods for the army. | 109 | |
| 2441502978 | Warren harding | Republican from Ohio who died in office. Made promises of "normalcy" after World War I. President known for his "Ohio Gang" in cabinet. | 110 | |
| 2441502979 | Bolshevik rev | Vladimir Lenin and a group took over the czar. This occurred in 1917. It also created Russia as a communist state. | 111 | |
| 2441502980 | James cox | Governor of Ohio, Democratic candidate for President in election of 1920, Supported the League of Nations | 112 | |
| 2441502981 | Normalcy | View of life before World War I. What Warren Harding wanted to return to after the War. Return to pre-war prosperity. | 113 | |
| 2441502982 | Treaty of Versailles | This agreement ended WWI.Created at the Paris peace conference by Italy, Britain, France and the U.S.Stated that Germany was to blame for WWI. | 114 | |
| 2441503162 | Zimmerman note | Intercepted and published on March 1, 1917. Proposed alliance between Germany and Mexico. Contributed slightly to US involvement in WWI. | 115 | |
| 2441502983 | Irreconcilables Reservationists | This group of people opposed Wilson's negotiations for the Treaty of Versailles. It included Henry Cabot Lodge, and senators Borah and Johnson. They heavily criticized Wilson and tried to divide public opinion. | 116 | |
| 2442132905 | big four | Strongest allies power during WWI. These nations met in Versailles to create a peace treaty. Consisted of Italy, France, Britain, and the U.S. | 117 |
