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| 354123871 | New Immigrants | immigrants who had come to the US after the 1880s from southern and eastern europe | |
| 354123872 | Black Codes | Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves | |
| 354123873 | Populist Party | U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies | |
| 354123874 | Molly McGuires | Secret organization of Irish coal miners that used violence to intimidate mine officials in the 1870s, leading to a lack of support. 10 leaders hung | |
| 354123875 | American Federation of Labor | Federation of craft labor unions lead by Samuel Gompers that arose out of dissatisfaction with the Knights of Labor | |
| 354123876 | Sharecropping | system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops | |
| 354123877 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | |
| 354123878 | Dawes Act | An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism. | |
| 354123879 | Sherman Anti-Trust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | |
| 354123880 | Settlement House Movement | Creation of places that offered social services to urban poor - often food, shelter, and basic higher education - Hull House was most famous | |
| 354123881 | William Jennings Bryan | United States lawyer and politician who advocated free silver and prosecuted John Scopes (1925) for teaching evolution in a Tennessee high school (1860-1925) | |
| 354123882 | Battle of Little Bighorn | In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died | |
| 354123883 | Turner Thesis | The historian Frederick Jackson Turner argued that the frontier was the key factor in the development of American democracy and institutions; he maintained that the frontier served as a "safety valve" during periods of economic crisis. | |
| 354123884 | Pragmatism | A philosophy which focuses only on the outcomes and effects of processes and situations; William James | |
| 354123885 | Tenure of Office Act | 1866 - enacted by radical congress - forbade president from removing civil officers without senatorial consent - was to prevent Johnson from removing a radical republican from his cabinet | |
| 354123886 | William Randolph Hearst | A leading newspaperman of his times, he ran The New York Journal and helped create and propagate "yellow (sensationalist) journalism." | |
| 354123887 | Granger Laws | A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like freight rates and railroad rebates. | |
| 354123888 | Henry George | wrote Progress and Poverty, in which he said limited land and a growing population artifically raised property values, enriching landowners | |
| 354123889 | Bland-Allison Act | 1878 - Authorized coinage of a limited number of silver dollars and "silver certificate" paper money. First of several government subsidies to silver producers in depression periods. Required government to buy between $2 and $4 million worth of silver. Created a partial dual coinage system referred to as "limping bimetallism." Repealed in 1900. | |
| 354123890 | Edwin Stanton | Secretary of War appointed by Lincoln. President Andrew Johnson dismissed him in spite of the Tenure of Office Act, and as a result, Congress wanted Johnson's impeachment. | |
| 354123891 | The Grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | |
| 354123892 | Young Men's Christian Association | 1851 - world wide movement to putting Christian principles into practice (started in London) | |
| 354123893 | Open Range | A vast area of grassland owned by the government where ranchers could graze their herds for free | |
| 354123894 | Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing | |
| 354123895 | Frederick Olmstead | Landscape architect who drew the plan for Greensward, more recently known as Central Park | |
| 354123896 | Injunction | a command, directive, or order; a court order enjoining or prohibiting a party from a specific course of action | |
| 354123897 | "Crime of '73" | through the coinage act of 1873, the US ended the minting of silver dollars and placed the country on the gold standard. this was attacked by those who supported an inflationary monetary policy, particularly farmers and believed in the unlimited coinage of silver | |
| 354123898 | Horatio Alger | Popular novelist during the Industrial Revolution who wrote "rags to riches" books praising the values of hard work | |
| 354123899 | Platt Amendment | Legislation that severely restricted Cuba's sovereignty and gave the US the right to intervene if Cuba got into trouble | |
| 354123900 | John D. Rockefeller | Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. | |
| 354123901 | Women's Christian Temperance Union | This organization was dedicated to the idea of the 18th Amendment - the Amendment that banned the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcohol. |
