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| 354130434 | Old Immigrants | immigrants who had come to the US before the 1880s from Britain, Germany, Ireland, and Scandenavia, or Northern Europe | |
| 354130435 | 13th Amendment | abolished slavery | |
| 354130436 | 14th Amendment | Declares that all persons born in the U.S. are citizens and are guaranteed equal protection of the laws | |
| 354130437 | 15th Amendment | citizens cannot be denied the right to vote because of race, color , or precious condition of servitude | |
| 354130438 | Bread and Butter Unionism | The belief that unions should focus on improving working conditions and pay for skilled workers rather than political reform | |
| 354130439 | Spanish-American War | War fought between the US and Spain in Cuba and the Philippines. It lasted less than 3 months and resulted in Cuba's independence as well as the US annexing Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines. | |
| 354130440 | National Labor Union | organized in 1866 have about 600,000 members agitated for arbitration of disputes and an 8 hour workday | |
| 354130441 | Helen Hunt Jackson | A writer. Author of the 1881 book A Century of Dishonor. The book exposed the U.S. governments many broken promises to the Native Americans. For example the government wanted Native Americans to assimilate, i.e. give up their beliefs and ways of life, that way to become part of the white culture. | |
| 354130442 | Social Gospel | Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization | |
| 354130443 | Jingoism | extreme, chauvinistic patriotism, often favoring an aggressive, warlike foreign policy | |
| 354130444 | Alfred Thayer Mahan | Navy officer whose ideas on naval warfare and the importance of sea-power changed how America viewed its navy | |
| 354130445 | Horizontal Integration | Type of monopoly where a company buys out all of its competition. Ex. Rockefeller | |
| 354130446 | Freedmen's Bureau | 1865 - Agency set up to aid former slaves in adjusting themselves to freedom. It furnished food and clothing to needy blacks and helped them get jobs | |
| 354130447 | Sioux Wars | lasted from 1876-1877 b/t Sioux Indians and white men; led by Sitting Bull; American Officer -Custer killed at the battle at Little Bighorn. Indians defeated by U.S. | |
| 354130448 | Gilded Age | A name for the late 1800s, coined by Mark Twain to describe the tremendous increase in wealth caused by the industrial age and the ostentatious lifestyles it allowed the very rich. The great industrial success of the U.S. and the fabulous lifestyles of the wealthy hid the many social problems of the time, including a high poverty rate, a high crime rate, and corruption in the government. | |
| 354130449 | Haymarket Incident | Worker rally in Chicago at which a bomb was detonated killing policemen - workers were immigrants so incident led to anti-immigration feelings | |
| 354130450 | Scalawags | southern whites who supported republican policy throught reconstruction | |
| 354130451 | Compromise of 1877 | Unwritten deal that settled the 1876 presidential election contest between Rutherford Hayes (Rep) and Samuel Tilden (Dem.) Hayes was awarded the presidency in exchange for the permanent removal of federal troops from the South. | |
| 354130452 | Atlanta Compromise | Major speech on race-relations given by Booker T. Washington addressing black labor opportunities, and the peril of whites ignoring black injustice | |
| 354130453 | John Dewey | He was a philosopher who believed in "learning by doing" which formed the foundation of progressive education. He believed that the teachers' goal should be "education for life and that the workbench is just as important as the blackboard." | |
| 354130454 | Thomas Nast | Newspaper cartoonist who produced satirical cartoons, he invented "Uncle Sam" and came up with the elephant and the donkey for the political parties. He nearly brought down Boss Tweed. | |
| 354130455 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act | Required the government to purchase an additional 4.5 million ounces of silver bullion each month for use as currency. | |
| 354130456 | Pandleton Act | a law, enacted in 1883, that established a bipartisan civil service commission to make appointments to government jobs by means of merit system | |
| 354130457 | Salvation Army | This welfare organization came to the US from England in 1880 and sought to provide food, shelter, and employment to the urban poor while preaching temperance and morality. | |
| 354130458 | Munn v Illinois | 1876; The Supreme Court upheld the Granger laws. The Munn case allowed states to regulate certain businesses within their borders, including railroads, and is commonly regarded as a milestone in the growth of federal government regulation. | |
| 354130459 | Interstate Commerce Act | prohibited rebates and pools, required railroads to publish rates, forbade discrimination against shippers, and outlawed charging more for short haul than for a long one over the same line | |
| 354130460 | Louis Sullivan | Known as the father of the skyscraper because he designed the first steel-skeleton skyscraper. Mentor of Frank Lloyd Wright. | |
| 354130461 | Long Drives | A cattle drive in which Texas ranchers drove herds of cattle north to be sold in northern markets | |
| 354130462 | John Peter Altgeld | Governor of Illinois during the Haymarket riots, he pardoned three convicted bombers in 1893, believing them victims of the "malicious ferocity" of the courts. | |
| 354130463 | J.P. Morgan | Banker who buys out Carnegie Steel and renames it to U.S. Steel. Was a philanthropist in a way; he gave all the money needed for WWI and was payed back. Was one of the "Robber barons" | |
| 354130464 | Chief Joseph | Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations | |
| 354130465 | Cross of Gold Speech | An impassioned address by William Jennings Bryan at the 1896 Deomcratic Convention, in which he attacked the "gold bugs" who insisted that U.S. currency be backed only with gold. | |
| 354130466 | Ida Wells | African American journalist. published statistics about lynching, urged African Americans to protest by refusing to ride streetcards or shop in white owned stores |
