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| Founded the Hull House in Chicago. | ||
| lifelong battler for the welfare of women, children, blacks, and consumers. Served as a general secretary of the National Consumers League. Led the women of Hull House into a successful lobby in 1893 for an Illinois antisweatshop law that protected women workers and prohibited child labor. A leader in women's activism and social reform. | ||
| founded the Church of Christ (Christian Science) in 1879. Preached that the true practice of Christianity heals sickness. (No need for a doctor, if have enough faith can heal self). Wrote a widely purchased book, "Science and Health with a key to the Scriptures". | ||
| English Naturalists who wrote the Origin of the Species in 1859. His theory stated that in nature the strongest of a species survive, the weaker animals died out leaving only the stronger of the species. Through this process of natural selection the entire species improved. | ||
| An ex-slave who saved his money to buy himself an education. He believed that blacks must first gain economic equality before they gain social equality. He was President of the Tuskegee Institute and was a part of the Atlanta Compromise. He believed that blacks should be taught useful skills so that whites would see them as useful. | ||
| From Massachusetts. intellectual leader in the United States as a sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author, and editor. He attempted virtually every possible solution to the problem of twentieth-century racism. | ||
| philosopher on Harvard faculty, wrote Pragmatism. Helped to express philosophy of the nation | ||
| journalist-author and an original thinker. He wrote the classic Progress and Poverty. This book in 1879 broke into the best-seller lists. He believed that the pressure of a growing population with a fixed supply of land pushed up property values. | ||
| a popular writer of the Post-Civil War time period. He was a Puritan New Englander who wrote more than a hundred volumes of juvenile fiction during his career | ||
| America's most popular author. Used "romantic" type literature with comedy to entertain his audiences. In 1873 he wrote The Gilded Age. This is why the time period is called the "Gilded Age". The greatest contribution he made to American literature was the way he captured the frontier realism and humor through the dialect his characters use. | ||
| She published "Women and Economics" which called on women to abandon their dependent status and contribute more to the community through the economy. She created centralized nurseries and kitchens to help get women into the work force. | ||
| leader of the women's suffrage movement. She was not successful in accomplishing her goal, but she did spark a movement that would eventually lead to women's right to vote. | ||
| American Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Richmond from 1872 to 1877, and as Archbishop of Baltimore from 1877 until his death in 1921. Gibbons was elevated to the cardinalate in 1886, the second American to receive that distinction. | ||
| Social gospel activist. Founded 2 schools in Massachusettes and a publishing company. | ||
| cities in America that began to grow rapidly in the post Civil War decades. In 1860, no city in the US had a million people. By 1890, Chicago, New York, and Philadelphia had passed the million mark. | ||
| a house where immigrants came to live upon entering the U.S. At these, instruction was given in English and how to get a job, among other things. These centers were usually run by educated middle class women. The houses became centers for reform in the women's and labor movements. | ||
| philosophy in which someone hates immigrants and have much patriotism | ||
| The theory that only the best suited organisms for an environment survive. | ||
| A movement consisting of varying but associated theories, originally developed by Charles S. Peirce and William James and distinguished by the doctrine that the meaning of an idea or a proposition lies in its observable practical consequences. | ||
| Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst were kwon as the lurid yellow press. Summoned Americans to spread their religion and their values to the backward people. They were opposite then the view of virile American Darwinists like Theodore Roosevelt and congressman Henry Cabot Lodge. | ||
| Between the 1850's and 1880's, more than 5 million immigrants cascaded into America from the "mother continent." Starting in the 1880's, they (mainly Italians, Croats, Slovaks, Greeks, and Poles) came into the US. They all spoke different languages and practiced different religions. | ||
| preached by people in the 1880s and said that due to the social environment poor people sometimes could not help their situation. This caused some churches to get involved in helping the poor, but some disagreed and didn't think that they should be helped because it was their fault. | ||
| First settlement house. Founded by Jane Addams in Chicago in 1889. | ||
| Secret anti-Catholic, anti-immigrant society formed in Iowa in 1887. Its membership, consisting mainly of farmers who feared the growth and political power of immigrant-populated cities | ||
| Organization founded in the UK. It helped rehabilitate people with alcohol and drug abuse. | ||
| movement helped benefit adults in education. This movement was launched in 1874. The organizers achieved success through nationwide public lectures, featuring well-known speakers, including Mark Twain. In addition, there were extensive courses of home study. This movement contributed to the development of American faith in formal education. | ||
| extended military-style education to land-grant colleges. It required the schools to provide male students with basic military instruction, but the schools could remain essentially civilian institutions. | ||
| amended the Post Office Act and made it illegal to send any "obscene, lewd, and/or lascivious" materials through the mail, including contraceptive devices and info and info on abortion for educational purposes. | ||
| organized in 1874 and the white ribbon was the symbol of purity; led by Frances E. Willlard; the league was for prohibition | ||
| Made alcohol illegal |
