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| 112930604 | lucy | homonid skeleton discovered in Hadar, Ethiopia, 3.5 million years old | 0 | |
| 112930605 | homonids | evolution's "pre humans" | 1 | |
| 112930606 | homo sapiens sapiens | the name of our speces (modern humans) appeared 40,000 years ago | 2 | |
| 112930607 | paleolithic | old stone age, hunting and gathering | 3 | |
| 112930608 | neanderthal | paleolithic human subspecies, 200,000 years ago, burial rituals similar to humans | 4 | |
| 112930609 | lascaux | cave in southern France early humans crated famous cave paintings | 5 | |
| 112930610 | neolithic | new stone age, agricultural transition began | 6 | |
| 112930611 | agricultural transition | when humans switched from hunting and gathering to agriculture. Believed to have taken place in middel east, higher population densities as well | 7 | |
| 112930612 | specialization | allowed some people to concentrate their efforts in areas not related to getting food. Scribes, docotrs, builders priests and warriors were some of the roles that were now full time | 8 | |
| 112930613 | domestication | when animals were kept for food | 9 | |
| 112930614 | mesopotamia | "land between the rivers" present day iraque, worlds earliest agriculture began here8000 BCE, first human civilization around 4000 BCE | 10 | |
| 112930615 | sumer | S. Mesopotamia, where first writing was developed | 11 | |
| 112930616 | Epic of Gilamesh | one of the first stories written in ancient sumeria | 12 | |
| 112930617 | cuneiform | sumerian and babylonian writing based on wedge shaped symbols | 13 | |
| 112930618 | Babylonia | empire that controlled mesopotamia untill 1600 BCE | 14 | |
| 112930619 | hammurabi | babylonian king who is famous for creating a written law code | 15 | |
| 112930620 | Assyria | empire that dominated Mesopotamia after babylonia | 16 | |
| 112930621 | city-state | gvt in which a city took control of territory close to it. Ancient sumer was controled this way until it ws conquered by Sargon | 17 | |
| 112930622 | moses | led jews out of captivity in egypt | 18 | |
| 112930623 | Phoenicians | sefaring people that resided in modern day lebanon, created a phonetic alphabet | 19 | |
| 112930624 | Sudanic | large grassland region in africa that serves as the transition zone between the sahara desert in the north and the rain forests of central africa | 20 | |
| 112930625 | Nubia | region south of egypt-kingdom of Kush developed | 21 | |
| 112930626 | Menes | first pharaoh of Egypt to unite upper and lower egypt also called Narmer | 22 | |
| 112930627 | Khufu | Pharaoh who built largest pyramid. Also calle Cheops | 23 | |
| 112930628 | Hyksos | semetic people of SW asia who conquered and dominated Egypt for more that 100 years. Used horses, chariots, and bronze weapons. Significant advantage over egyptians | 24 | |
| 112930629 | hieroglyphics | egyptian picture based writing evolved to represent sounds and ideas | 25 | |
| 112930630 | Akhenaten | pharaoh who un successfully promoted monothiestic worship of the sikngle god Aten (only ruled for 2 years) | 26 | |
| 112930631 | Kush | Kingdom of south egypt on the nile that conquered egypt from 750-664 BCE | 27 | |
| 112930632 | Bantu | West Africans who migrated south and East form 1000 BCE-1000 CE spread their agricultural practices and language as they went | 28 | |
| 112930633 | Carthage | Phonecian colony, became center of trade empire that included modern day tunisia, Morocco, Algeria, and Spain | 29 | |
| 112930634 | Dravidians | indigenous people of India. Rigid planning and modern attitydes about sanitation. After aryan igration, many of them became members of the lower class. | 30 | |
| 112930635 | Harappan | refers to Dravidian culture | 31 | |
| 112930636 | Mohenjo-Daro | dravidian city in the indus river valley. Streets laid out in a grid pattern w/ 90⁰ intersections. Had indoor plumbing that predated europe by 1500 years | 32 | |
| 112930637 | Aryan | Indo europeans who migrated to india about 1500 BCE. Many of their ideas contributed to the development of Hindu Beliefs (Caste system and Sacred Cows) | 33 | |
| 112930638 | Sanskrit | indian written language for sacred texts | 34 | |
| 112930639 | Prakrit | indian written language for everyday communication | 35 | |
| 112930640 | the Vedas | Sacred texts, served as some of the earliest writetn texts for hindu beliefs. Preserved much aryan culture, includes hymns, songs, prayers, and rituals. | 36 | |
| 112930641 | caste | system of social classe that developed in India after the Aryan migration. | 37 | |
| 112930642 | Brahman | universal soul, the ultimate destination of all souls | 38 | |
| 112930643 | Upanishads | sacred texts of hindu belief that taught the idea that all persons are a part of brahman | 39 | |
| 112930644 | karma | nature of force generated by each action, determines path of reincarnation | 40 | |
| 112930645 | moksha | hindu concupt of unity with brahman that is achieved through reincarnation, this event ends a soul's cycle of rebirths | 41 | |
| 112930646 | sati | when a wife would throw herself onto her husband's funeral fire | 42 | |
| 112930647 | Xia | early chinese dynasty that was devoted to flood control | 43 | |
| 112930648 | Shang | dynasty that followed the Xia. Rulers made use of bronze weapons, chariots, writing, city walls to expand their power and control of the common people | 44 | |
| 112930649 | Zhou | Dynasty that ruled after shang. Early success was based on effective diplomatic skills and a strong army. The intorduction of iron metallurgy contributed to a series of revolts and civil wars in it s last two hundred years | 45 | |
| 112930650 | period of warring states | last two centuries of Zhou when iron encouraged revolts and civil war. Period when confucius developed his philosophy | 46 | |
| 112930651 | mandate of heaven | Zhou concept- heavenly powers grant the right to govern th "son of heaven" as long as the ruler maintains honor and justice | 47 | |
| 112930652 | patriarchy | society in which famalies look to the oldest male as the authority and decision maker | 48 | |
| 112930653 | oracle bones | used by fortune tellers who inscribed quotations into tortoise shell, exposed the inscribed shells to extrememheat, and wated for it to crak to read the fortune. Archaeologists view these as some of the earliest examples of Chinese writing. | 49 | |
| 112930654 | The Book of Songs | anthology of chinese poetry from Zhou period. Serves as one of the best examples of china's earliest literary tradition, since most Zhou literature has perished | 50 | |
| 112930655 | Confucius | philosopher who emphasized the need for virtuous behavior and traditional social order | 51 | |
| 112930656 | Yangzi | River in southern china alsoknown as the Chang Jiang. Rice first cultivated here 7000 BCE | 52 | |
| 112930657 | Olmecs | earliest agricultural society in the americas. Society developed alongside the gulf of Mexico | 53 | |
| 112930658 | Maya | Mative American people whose civilization developed writing and imitated much of Olmec culture in their buildings, art, and religion. Their dominance in southern Mexico lasted form aboutg 400-900 CE. Important cities included TIKAL CHICHÉN ITZA, PALENQUE, UXMAL, and TULUM. | 54 | |
| 112930659 | Teotihuacan | city in central mexico. Had 50,000 people at max. large SUN and MOON pyramids. Declined after 650 CE | 55 | |
| 112930660 | maize | staple crop of mesoamerica (corn) | 56 | |
| 112930661 | cacao | type of bean that was cultivated by mayas. | 57 | |
| 112930662 | Popol Vuh | creation story fo mayas which tld of gods making people from Maize | 58 | |
| 112930663 | Mochica | native american culture in the andes region of south america from about 100-800 CE aer particularly noted for their elaborate painted ceramics, gold work, monumental constructions, and irrigation systems | 59 | |
| 112930664 | Austronesian | people of SE asia, migrated to Polynesia, Micronesia, and Madagascar. Helped to spread agricultural practices and their language to New Guinea, the Pacific islands, and Madagascar | 60 | |
| 112930665 | outrigger | conoes used by austronesian people to reach remote islands in the pacific ocean | 61 | |
| 112930666 | malagasy | language spoken today in madagascar, one branch of austronesian languages. | 62 |
