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| 47967184 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in NW Anatolia. After the fall of Byzantine Empire, Ottoman Empire was based in Istanbul, encompassing the Middle East, N Africa, the Caucasus, and E Eurpe. | |
| 47967185 | Suleiman the Magnificent | Most illustrious sultan of the Ottoman Empire aka "The Lawgiver". He significantly expanded the empire in the Balkans and E Mediterranean. | |
| 47967186 | Janissaries | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the 15th century until the corps were baolished. | |
| 47967187 | Devshirme | Selection in Turkish. System by which boys from Christian communities were taken by the Ottoman state to serve as Janissaries. | |
| 47967188 | Tulip Period | Last years of the reign of Ottoman sulten Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. | |
| 47967189 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom, established by Ismail Safavi, who decalred Iran a Shi'ite state. | |
| 47967190 | Shi'ite Islam | Islamic branch that belives that God vests leadershop of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-lay Ali. | |
| 47967191 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of 12 descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. | |
| 47967192 | Shah Abbas I | 5th and most renowned ruler of the Safavid dynasty in Iran. Moved the royal capital of Isfahan. | |
| 47967193 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state exercising dominion over most of India. | |
| 47967194 | Akbar I | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire of India. Expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | |
| 47967195 | Mansabs | In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. | |
| 47967196 | Rajputs | Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from NW India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste. | |
| 47967197 | Sikhism | Indian religion founded by the guru Nanak in the NW India. After the Mughal emperor ordered the beheading of the 9th guru, warriors mounted armed resistance to Mughal rule. | |
| 47967198 | Acheh Sultanate | Muslim kingdom in N Sumatra. Main center of ISlamic expansion in the SE Asia in the early 17th century, decliend after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal. | |
| 47967199 | Omam | Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the SW region of the Arabian peninsula. Succeeded Portugal as a power in the W Indian Ocean in the 18th century. | |
| 47967200 | Swahili | Bantu language with Arabic loanwords spoken in the coastal regions of East Africa. | |
| 47967201 | Batavia | Fort established as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia; today the city Jakarta. |
