Mr. Fenlon
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| 363855690 | Cold War | state of relations between US and Soviet between end of WWII and 1990 based on creation of political spheres of influence and nuclear arms race, rather than actual warfare | 0 | |
| 363855691 | Eastern bloc | East European nations favorable to Soviet during cold war: Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary, East Germany | 1 | |
| 363855692 | Harry Truman | 1945-1952 American president, authorized atomic bomb and started cold war | 2 | |
| 363855693 | iron curtain | Churchill's description of division between free and communist societies taking shape in Europe after 1946 | 3 | |
| 363855694 | Marshall Plan | • 1947, US started loan program to help Western nations rebuild from WWII domination • Vehicle for American economic dominance | 4 | |
| 363855695 | North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) | 1949, created under US leadership to group western Europe and Canada in a defensive alliance against possible Soviet aggression | 5 | |
| 363855696 | Warsaw Pact | Soviets organized alliance w/east Europe satellites to balance NATO | 6 | |
| 363855697 | welfare state | • New activism of west European state in economic policy and welfare issues after WWII • Introduced programs to reduce impact of economic inequality • Medical programs and economic planning | 7 | |
| 363855698 | technocrat | New type of bureaucrat that rose after WWI, intensely trained in engineering or economics and devoted to power of national planning | 8 | |
| 363855699 | Margaret Thatcher and Ronald Raegan | • Both reduced impact of welfare state • British Conservative prime minister worked to cut welfare and housing expenses, and promote free enterprise, Republican president | 9 | |
| 363855700 | European Union | • 1958, started European Economic Community (Common Market) to create single economic entity across national boundaries | 10 | |
| 363855701 | Berlin Wall | • 1961, built to stop immigration from East Berlin to West Berlin in response to lack of consumer goods and close Soviet control of economy and politics • 1991, torn down at end of cold war | 11 | |
| 363855702 | Solidarity | 1970s, Polish labor movement formed under Lech Walesa that challenged USSR-dominated Polish gov't | 12 | |
| 363855703 | socialist realism | • Attempt within the USSR to relate formal culture to the masses in order to avoid the adoption of western European cultural forms • Fundamental method of Soviet fiction, art, and literary criticism | 13 | |
| 363855704 | Nikita Khrushchev | • 1953-1964, head of USSR and Stalin's successor • 1956, attacked Stalinism for concentration of power and arbitrary dictatorship • Failure of Siberian development program and antagonism of Stalinists led to downfall | 14 | |
| 363855705 | Sputnik | 1957, first space satellite, sent up by Soviet space program | 15 | |
| 363855706 | third world | developing country | 16 | |
| 363855707 | Party of Institutionalized Revolution (PRI) | • Dominant Mexican political party • Developed during 1920s and 1930s • Incorporated labor, peasant, military, and middle-class sectors • Controlled other political organizations in Mexico | 17 | |
| 363855708 | United Fruit Company | • Most important foreign economic concern in Guatemala during 20th c • Land reform caused US intervention in Guatemalan politics leading to 1954 ouster of reform gov't | 18 | |
| 363855709 | North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) | 1994 agreement that created essentially free trade zone among Mexico, Canada, and US in hopes of encouraging economic growth in all 3 nations | 19 | |
| 363855710 | Ernesto "Che" Guevara | Argentine revolutionary who helped Castro overthrow Batista | 20 | |
| 363855711 | Fidel Castro | Cuban revolutionary who overthrew Batista and started socialist reforms, depending almost entirely on Soviets | 21 | |
| 363855712 | Good Neighbor Policy | 1933, established by FDR to halt direct intervention in Latin American politics | 22 | |
| 363855713 | Bangladesh | 1972, independent nation formed from East Pakistan | 23 | |
| 363855714 | Indira Gandhi | • 1996, Jawaharlal Nehru's daughter installed as figurehead prime minister by Congress party • Became central figure in Indian politics and passed on power to her sons | 24 | |
| 363855715 | Corazon Aquino | • 1986-1992, 1st Philippines president in post-Marcos era • Husband was assassinated by thugs paid by Marcos • One of key leaders in popular movement that toppled dictator | 25 | |
| 363855716 | primary products | Primary exports of Third World economies in high demand in industrialized economies, causing fluctuating prices | 26 | |
| 363870206 | Muslim Brotherhood | • 1928, Egyptian nationalist movement founded by Hasan al-Banna • Committed to fundamentalist movement in Islam • Started strikes and urban riots against khedival gov't | 27 | |
| 363870208 | Gamal Abdul Nasser | • Took power in Egypt after 1952 military coup • Made land reforms and used state resources to reduce unemployment • 1956, ousted Britain from Suez Canal | 28 | |
| 363870210 | Anwar Sadat | • Nasser's successor as ruler of Egypt • Got rid of costly state programs • 1973, peace treaty w/Israel • Opened Egyptian economy to Western investors | 29 | |
| 363870211 | Hosni Mubarak | 1981, Sadat's successor as president of Egypt who continued cooperation w/West | 30 | |
| 363870212 | Jawaharlal Nehru | • Gandhi's disciple • Governed India after independence • Program of social reform and economic development • Preserved civil rights and democracy | 31 | |
| 363870214 | Green Revolution | • Introduction of better seed strains, fertilizers, and irrigation to produce higher crop yield • Important in densely populated Asia | 32 | |
| 363870216 | Ayatollah Khomeini | • Religious leader of Iran after 1979 revolution to expel shah who emphasized religious purification and tried to eliminate Western influences, making purely Islamic gov't | 33 | |
| 363870217 | apartheid | strict racial segregation in South Africa to permit continued dominance of whites politically and economically | 34 | |
| 363870219 | African National Congress (ANC) | Black political organization in South Africa to end apartheid and create open democracy w/eventual black majority rule | 35 | |
| 363870221 | Nelson Mandela | • Long-imprisoned leader of African National Congress party • Worked w/ANC and Klerk's supporters to dismantle apartheid • 1994, first black prime minister of South Africa | 36 | |
| 363870223 | Singapore | part of British colony of Malaya w/mostly Chinese population that flourished after WWII as an independent city-state | 37 | |
| 363870225 | Douglas MacArthur | American commander during war against Japan who headed American occupation gov't of Japan after war and commanded United Nations forces during Korean War | 38 | |
| 363870227 | Republic of Korea | • Southern half of Korea occupied by US after WWII • Developed parliamentary institutions under authoritarian rulers • After 1950s, underwent major industrial and economic growth | 39 | |
| 363870228 | Democratic People's Republic of Korea | • Northern half of Korea dominated by USSR after WWII • Formed communist dictatorship under Kim Il-Song • Attacked South Korea to begin the Korean War | 40 | |
| 363870230 | Korean War | 1950-1953, fought between North Korea and its Soviet/Chinese allies and South Korea and United Nations' forces directed by US, but ended in stalemate | 41 | |
| 363870232 | Taiwan | • Island off Chinese mainland that became refuge for Chiang Kai-Shek's Guomindang regime • Kept independence w/US support • After 1950s, quickly industrialized | 42 | |
| 363870234 | Hong Kong | • British colony in China • Became major commercial and industrial center • 1997, returned to China | 43 | |
| 363870236 | Hyundai | Major Korean industrial giant, typical of firms producing Korea's economic miracle | 44 | |
| 363870238 | Mass Line | • 1955, Mao's economic policy • Formed agricultural cooperatives that then became farming collectives in 1956 • Peasants lost land they gained just a few years earlier | 45 | |
| 363870239 | Great Leap Forward | • 1958, Mao's economic policy that proposed small-scale industrialization projects integrated into peasant communities • 1960, ended w/economic disaster | 46 | |
| 363870241 | Cultural Revolution | 1965 - 1968, used by Mao to restore dominance over pragmatists, disgracing and killing bureaucrats and intellectuals | 47 | |
| 363870243 | People's Republic of China | 1949, Chinese communist gov't founded by Mao | 48 | |
| 363870245 | Tayson Rebellion | 1770s, peasant revolution in southern Vietnam that toppled Nguyen and Trinh dynasties | 49 | |
| 363870247 | Ho Chi Minh (Nguyen Ai Quoc) | • 1930s, shifted to revolution based on peasantry • 1954, presided over defeat of France and unsuccessful US intervention in Vietnam | 50 | |
| 363870249 | Viet Minh | communist Vietnamese movement that fought Japanese during WWII and French afterwards | 51 | |
| 363870250 | Ngo Dinh Diem | 1950s, became president of South Vietnam w/US support and overthrown by military w/US approval | 52 | |
| 363870252 | Viet Cong | communist guerrilla movement in southern Vietnam during Vietnamese war | 53 | |
| 363870254 | Mikhail Gorbachev | • After 1985, USSR premier • Renewed attacks on Stalinism • Urged reduction in nuclear armament • Proclaimed glasnost and perestroika | 54 | |
| 363870256 | glasnost | late 1980s, Gorbachev's policy of openness or political liberation | 55 | |
| 363870258 | perestroika | late 1980s, Gorbachev's policy more leeway for private ownership and decentralized control in industry and agriculture | 56 | |
| 363870260 | Boris Yletsin | 1991 Russian leader who stood up to coup that tried to displace Gorbachev, became president of Russian republic | 57 | |
| 363870261 | Persian Gulf War | 1991 war led by US and various European and Middle Eastern allies against Iraqi occupation of Kuwait which led to Iraqi withdrawal and long confrontation w/Iraq about armaments and political regime | 58 | |
| 363870263 | globalization | increasing interconnectedness of all parts of world, particularly in communications and commerce, but also in culture and politics | 59 | |
| 363870265 | multinational corporations | Powerful companies that surged after WWII, mainly from West and Pacific Rim, w/production and distribution operations in many different countries | 60 |
