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APWH Enlightenment Thinkers Flashcards

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45705509Thomas Hobbessocial contract: individuals will give up a certain amount of freedom so that their government will be more powerful and protect them0
45705510John Lockenatural rights: he believed that people could learn from experience and improve themselves/ there were certain rights government must protect (life, liberty, property)1
45705511Voltairefreedom of religious belief / fought for reason, tolerance and freedom of speech2
45705512Montesquieuseparation of powers (government should be divided into separate branches so that one group cannot over-power another group) / checks and balances in government3
45705513Jean-Jacques Rouseauindividual freedom (as human interacted with civilization, they became corrupted + they would lose certain individual freedom because civilization would take them away and limit their freedoms)4
45705514Beccariawanted to reform the criminal justice system (so criminals wouldn't be abused or mistreated); he mainly believed that capital punishment (death penalty) should be abolished5
45705515Mary Wollstonecraftwomen and men need equal education6
45705516Adam Smithwas considered the "Father of Modern Economics": studied the individual person / used research to see how it can improve the economy ($) / said that human's desires to achieve more allowed for Economic Progress7
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