Most definitions are taken from Mr.K's notes. Which means they are possibly not right, but they will most likely be wrong also on the exam.
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| 182753844 | Great Schism | created division between east and west (headed by Pope in Rome); different rituals; fights between two beliefs; final break occurred over arguments about the type of bread used in mass and the celibacy of priests; church patriarch in Constantinople attacked Roman Catholic practice (west); Eastern Orthodox- the Byzantine or Greeks, as well as the Russian Orthodox, Serbian Orthodox and others. | 0 | |
| 182753845 | Martin Luther | German Monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 Theses to door in Wittenberg church. Emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic Church. Accepted state control over church; protested claims made by a papal representative in selling indulgences. | 1 | |
| 182753846 | Catholic Reformation | restatement of traditional catholic beliefs in response to the protestant reformation; established councils that revived catholic doctrine and refuted protestant beliefs; attacked popular superstitions and remnants of magical belief. | 2 | |
| 182753847 | Sir Isaac Newton | English scientist during 17 C. Author of Principia Mathematica: drew the various astronomical and physical observations and wider theories together in a framework of natural laws. principles of motion. gravity. | 3 | |
| 182753848 | Louis XIV | French monarch of the late 17C. Personified absolute monarchy. "I am the state". | 4 | |
| 182753849 | Enlightenment | Intellectual movement centered in France during the 18C; featured scientific advance, application of scientific methods to study human society; belief that rational laws could describe social behavior. classification of natural species; made human principles. | 5 | |
| 182753850 | Moctezuma II | last independent Aztec emperor; killed during Hernan Cortez's conquest of Tenochtitlan | 6 | |
| 183242030 | Anazazi | made pueblos on open flatland, caves, canyons. Held religious ceremonies in underground chambers or kivas. Became Hopo | 7 | |
| 183242031 | Hopewell | one of the Ohio and Mississippian Valley Civilizations (100-400 B.C.E) | 8 | |
| 183242032 | Maya | (250-900 C.E) Societies were despotic or rigid dictatorships ruled by kings and priests. Built pyramids for religious purposes. | 9 | |
| 183242033 | Aztec | Height of Aztec power was Tenochtitlan-Tlatelco. Pop half million. Conquered empire that would cover more than 125000 sq miles. | 10 | |
| 183242034 | Hernan Cortes | Early 1500s Spanish conquistadors led by him | 11 | |
| 183242035 | Moctezuma II | last ruler of Aztecs | 12 | |
| 183242036 | Northwestern Andes | Chavin Early Andean civilization | 13 | |
| 183242037 | Incas | covered 3000 miles north to south. Chile to northern Ecuador capital was Cuzco. Machu Picchu. Praise the sun god! | 14 | |
| 183242038 | Enconmienda | made all Native Americans subject of the Spanish Crown. Spanish generals and explorers were allowed to use Indian as a source of labor. | 15 | |
| 183242039 | Creoles | Spanish born Americans | 16 | |
| 183242040 | Portuguese Brazil | Discovered by accident in 1500 by Pedro Cabral. Outpost established in 1532, was upgraded to governor-generalship in 1549. | 17 | |
| 183242041 | Henry Hudson | explored what is now New York | 18 | |
| 183242042 | L'Overture | a former slave led a violent, lengthy, a successful slave revolt. | 19 | |
| 183242043 | Simon Bolivar | a spanish governor in the americas. created a national congress and declared independence for Spain. | 20 | |
| 183242044 | Pedro | After Napoleon was put down in Europe King John VI returned to Portugal but left his son Pedro in charge of Brazil. Next year he declared himself emperor. Helped create a constitution for Brazil. | 21 | |
| 183242045 | Miquel Hidalgo | A creol priest led a revolution against Spain. Executed. | 22 | |
| 183242046 | Monroe Doctrine | Assured U.S. protection against recolonization of Latin America by Europe. | 23 | |
| 183242047 | Roosevelt Corollary | declared US would intervene in economic disputes between Euro and Latin America | 24 | |
| 183242048 | Batista Dictatorship | in Cuba. This continued the policies of the Platt Amendment (provided US naval bases in Cuba). | 25 | |
| 183242049 | Fidel Castro | in 1956 peasants of Cuba revolted under the leadership of him. He was successful and Batista fled. Established COMMUNISM in Cuba. | 26 | |
| 183242050 | Bay of Pigs | An unsuccessful invasion of Cuba in 1961, which was sponsored by the United States. Its purpose was to overthrow Cuban dictator Fidel Castro. | 27 | |
| 183242051 | Cuban Missile Crisis | Russia shipped missiles to Cuba because they were communist friends. They targeted US. US used planes to locate missiles. Pres Kennedy created a blockade around Cuba. Lasted 3 months. Russia withdrew missiles if US withdrew missiles in Turkey and agreed to not invade Cuba. | 28 | |
| 183242052 | President Diaz | Mexican Revolution bad guy. | 29 | |
| 183242053 | Emiliano Zapata | led the uprising of the peasants of Morelos to claim their rights over local land and water. | 30 | |
| 183242054 | John Wycliffe | argued Church should return to spiritual values. Burned at stake. | 31 | |
| 183242055 | Thirty Years War | 1618-1648 between protestant Bohemians in HRE and the Catholic authorities. 4 phases- Bohemia, Danish, Swedish, French (most destructive). Peace came with the Peace of Westphalia | 32 | |
| 183242056 | Louis XIV of France | Absolute Monarch. Built of largest standing army Europe had seen in centuries. Versailles was his capital. | 33 | |
| 183242057 | Parliamentary Monarchy | ruler governed with some kind of lawmaking body appointed by aristocracy. People had SOME say. | 34 | |
| 183242058 | Barogue | ornate, dramatic artistic style, sparked by the Catholic Reformation, which devlopment in Europe in the 1550's Represented bold, dynamic, colorful, impressive. | 35 | |
| 183242059 | Johannes Gutenberg | German printer who was the first in Europe to print using movable type and the first to use a press (1400-1468) | 36 | |
| 183242060 | 1st estates | clergy | 37 | |
| 183242061 | 2nd estates | nobility | 38 | |
| 183242062 | 3rd estates | 97% of pop. Middle Class / peasants | 39 | |
| 183242063 | Reasons for French Rev | 1. social/economic gap between 3 and 1 estates. 2. unfairness in tax system (only 3rd paid) 3. frustrated ambitions of 3rd estates to receive social advancement. 4. Enlightenment 5. Political ineptitude of the last 2 absolute monarchs of France & financial crisis | 40 | |
| 183242064 | Moderate Phase | 1789-1791 goal to create constitutional monarchy. Assemblies unable to solve France's problem. | 41 | |
| 183242065 | Reign of Terror | 30,000 - 50,000 people put to death, mostly by guillotine | 42 | |
| 183242066 | Bonapart | formed coup that overthrew the Directory. Made: Bank of France, Civil law Code. Battle of Waterloo was his second and last defeat. | 43 | |
| 183242067 | Congress of Vienna | 1814-1815 Austria, Prussia, Russia, GB redrew map of Europe and shrunk France to pre-napoleon borders. Balance of Power. | 44 | |
| 183242068 | First reform Act | changed Britain's electoral laws. Widened suffrage only slightly, but did much to improve districting and the general operation of the voting system. First step to democracy. | 45 | |
| 183242069 | Napoleon III | made himself emperor of France. helped industrialize and modernize. | 46 | |
| 183242070 | Crimean War | Tsar Alexander II attempted to modernize Russia with series of great reforms. a war in Crimea between Russia and a group of nations including England and France and Turkey and Sardinia | 47 | |
| 183242071 | Causes of WWI | MANIA (Militarism, Alliance system, Nationalism, Imperialism, Assassination of France Ferdinand) | 48 | |
| 183242072 | Blank Check | when Germany supported Austria | 49 | |
| 183242073 | Allies | GB, France, Russia | 50 | |
| 183242074 | Central Powers | Germany & Austria | 51 | |
| 183242075 | Schlieffen Plan | germany would send 75% of its army against France, in order to capture Paris and knock France out of the war in six weeks. The rest of the army would defend against Russia. The French army made a heroic stand at the MARNE RIVER. | 52 | |
| 183242076 | Western Front | In WWI, the region of Northern France where the forces of the Allies and the Central Powers battled each other. | 53 | |
| 183242077 | Eastern Front | much longer. , In WWI, the region along the German-Russian Border where Russians and Serbs battled Germans, Austrians, and Turks.` | 54 | |
| 183242078 | Paris Peace Conference | decided peace terms after WWI. Wilson, Britain- David Lloyd George, Clemenceau of France, Vittoria Orlando of Italy. Made 5 treaties for each defeated power: Germany, Austria, Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire | 55 | |
| 183242079 | 14 points | by Wilson. End to secret treaties, freedom of seas, free trade, arms reduction, decolonization, made LEAGUE OF NATIONS. | 56 | |
| 183242080 | Blitzkrieg | lightning war | 57 | |
| 183242081 | Sitzkrieg | phony war. Britain & France just waited for German attack | 58 | |
| 183242082 | Operation Barbarossa | Codename for Nazi Germany's invasion of the Soviet Union during World War II -- led to USSR joining the Allies | 59 | |
| 183242083 | Midway | US Navy destroyed a huge portion of Japanese aircraft carrier fleet | 60 | |
| 183242084 | D Day | June 6, 1944 - Led by Eisenhower, over a million troops (the largest invasion force in history) stormed the beaches at Normandy and began the process of re-taking France. The turning point of World War II. | 61 | |
| 183242085 | Nuremberg Laws | deprived all German Jews of their civil rights | 62 | |
| 183242086 | Tehran Conference | First major meeting between the Big Three (United States, Britain, Russia[Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin]) at which they planned the 1944 assault on France and agreed to divide Germany into zones of occupation after the war | 63 | |
| 183242087 | Yalta Conference | FDR, Churchill and Stalin met at Yalta. Russia agreed to declare war on Japan after the surrender of Germany and in return FDR and Churchill promised the USSR concession in Manchuria and the territories that it had lost in the Russo-Japanese War | 64 | |
| 183242088 | Potsdam Conference | Conference where Truman, Atlee and Stalin complete post-war agreements. Dealt with: second front of Russia, de-unification of Germany and Austria, UN created by Roosevelt, and the fate of Eastern Europe. | 65 | |
| 183242089 | NATO | North ATLANTIC Treaty Organization US allies- meant to suppress spread of communism in the world | 66 | |
| 183242090 | Warsaw Pact | soviet's counter to NATO. Developed in 1955 formed by: Soviet Union, Poland, E. Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Albania | 67 |
