1-50 World Civilizations,
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| 1195225447 | A | Which of the following statements is most accurate? (A) Western Europe experienced a huge population jump after about 1730. (B) Western Europe's population was devastated by a series of wars and epidemics at the beginning of the 18th century. (C) Poverty and poor nutrition led to a stagnation of the European population until 1840. (D) The most significant factor in the movement of population in the 18th century was the increased mortality among children leading to fewer survivors. | 1 | |
| 1195225448 | D | Population upheaval and the spread of a property-less class working for money led to which of the following developments? (A) An increase in the authority of the male heads of households. (B) A general acceptance of authority, whether domestic or political. (C) A decline in the percentage of illegitimate births (D) The adoption of more urban styles of dress. | 2 | |
| 1248904287 | D | In what year did the American colonies set up a new constitutional structure based on Enlightenment principles? (A) 1776 (B) 1781 (C) 1783 (D) 1789 | 3 | |
| 1248904288 | D | On July 14 in the first year of the French Revolution, the storming of what political prison provided a revolutionary symbol? (A) Tuileries (B) Place des Vosges (C) Montparnasse (D) Bastille | 4 | |
| 1248904289 | C | Which of the following statements concerning the impact of the French Revolution on the rest of Europe is NOT accurate? (A) The French Revolution spread key revolutionary legislation throughout much of Western Europe. (B) The revolution encouraged popular nationalism outside of France. (C) The French Revolution and its subsequent empire created a general consensus after the defeat of France for a more liberal Europe. (D) The idea of equality under the law and attacks on privilege, whether aristocratic, guild, or ecclesiastical, spread throughout Europe. | 5 | |
| 1248904290 | D | By 1900 what proportion of the Western population enjoyed conditions above the subsistence level? (A) One fifth (B) One third (C) One half (D) Two thirds | 6 | |
| 1248904291 | C | Which of the following did NOT represent an expansion of government functions in the West? (A) Civil service examinations (B) Extension of regulatory apparatus (C) The establishment of mandatory national unions for laborers (D) Wider welfare measures | 7 | |
| 1248904292 | B | Western expansion in the 19th century meant an extension of Western society itself, and not primarily a new cultural interchange. Which of the following regions was not an area of Western expansion? (A) Canada (B) Malaya (C) New Zealand (D) Australia | 8 | |
| 1248904293 | D | Which of the following countries was NOT a member of either the Triple Alliance or the Triple Entente? (A) Britain (B) France (C) Russia (D) The United States | 9 | |
| 1248904294 | C | Balkan nationalism in the 19th century initially exacerbated deteriorating relationships between what two powers with interests in the region? (A) Britain and France (B) Germany and Italy (C) Russia and Austria-Hungary (D) France and Russia | 10 | |
| 1248904295 | D | Which of the following was NOT an aspect of European expansion in the preindustrial era? (A) The search for precious metals (B) The seizure of land for plantation production of commercial crops (C) The purchase of luxury products such as silks and spices (D) The establishment of European colonies in the interior of Africa | 11 | |
| 1248904296 | D | Which of the following statements concerning the management of colonial enterprises by the Dutch and British East India companies in the 17th century is most accurate? (A) The directors of the companies were little interested in the acquisition of colonial territories. (B) The directors of the companies made precise plans for the expansion of company administrative control over the governments of indigenous peoples. (C) The companies were granted monopolies by governments with the clear expectation that they would conquer new territories for their respective nations. (D) The companies were mere figureheads for the active and direct intervention of European nations in the affairs of Asian peoples. | 12 | |
| 1249076613 | C | Which tactic led to the Dutch control of the entire island of Java? (A) The Dutch won a series of naval battles over forces of the Sultan of Mataram. (B) The Dutch introduced African mercenaries into Java to secure a military victory. (C) The Dutch, using mercenary forces recruited from the people of Java, intervened in succession disputes in return for grants of land. (D) The Dutch used the process of conversion of masses of the Javanese people as well as the elite to gain a position of supremacy on Java. | 13 | |
| 1249076614 | D | In what year did the British win the battle of Plassey? (A) 1754 (B) 1789 (C) 1832 (D) 1757 | 14 | |
| 1249076615 | C | All of the following were reasons why India became the pivot of the great British Empire EXCEPT (A) the size of the Indian land army (B) the utility of Indian ports in maintaining British sea power (C) the residence of more white settlers than any other British colony (D) the existence of raw materials useful to the British industries | 15 | |
| 1249076616 | C | What English religious movement was critical to the social reform movement in the British Empire by the beginning of the 19th century? (A) Erastian (B) Calvinist (C) Evangelical (D) Separatist | 16 | |
| 1249076617 | C | Which of the following nations did NOT enter the competitive race for colonial empire and industrial supremacy after 1870? (A) Germany (B) Belgium (C) Spain (D) The United States | 17 | |
| 1249076618 | B | Which of the following descriptions most accurately defines the term "tropical dependencies?" (A) Imperial possessions in which the numbers of European settlers and indigenous peoples were approximately equal (B) Colonies in which small numbers of Europeans rules large numbers of non-Western peoples (C) Colonies with substantial majorities of white, European immigrants (D) Colonies that were largely unpopulated prior to the coming of the Europeans | 18 | |
| 1249076619 | A | Which of the following statements most accurately defines the European strategy with respect to the government of tropical dependencies? (A) The Europeans exploited longstanding ethnic and cultural divisions between indigenous peoples. (B) European colonialism depended on wholesale conversions to Christianity. (C) In many cases, the Europeans utilized their military superiority to carry out genocide against African and Asian peoples. (D) Colonial rulers tended to favor Muslims at the expense of other minorities in African and Asian colonies because of the level of education of Muslim peoples. | 19 | |
| 1249147974 | B | What was a critical factor in the growing tensions between the colonizers and the rising African and Asian middles classes? (A) The growing numbers of Christians among the African and Asian peoples. (B) The growing size of European communities in foreign nations and the increased number of women in European settlements (C) The decline in European militarism (D) The decline in the size of European communities in colonial settlements (E) The growing military power of native peoples | 20 | |
| 1249147976 | D | In what century did most Latin American countries achieve their independence? (A) 16th (B) 17th (C) 18th (D) 19th | 21 | |
| 1249147978 | B | Which of the following events was rejected by Creole elites as a model of revolution because of excessive radicalism? (A) American Revolution (B) French Revolution (C) Independence movement in Portugal (D) Napoleonic Wars | 22 | |
| 1249147980 | A | What event in 19th-century Europe precipitated the movements for independence in Latin America? (A) The forced abdication of the royal family of Spain during the Napoleonic wars (B) The conquest of the Mughal empire by the Portuguese (C) Spain's loss of colonial territories to the British during the War of Jenkin's Ear (D) The Seven Years War and its aftermath | 23 | |
| 1249147982 | D | The person responsible for the independence movements in Argentina and Chile was (A) Manuel de Rosas (B) Bernardino Rivadavia (C) Simon Bolivar (D) Jose de San Martin | 24 | |
| 1249814865 | A | In what way was the government of independent Brazil different from those of the other newly created Latin American nations? (A) Brazil was a monarchy rather than a republic. (B) It was the only government that immediately abolished slavery. (C) It was ruled by the popular majority of former slaves and people of mixed race. (D) It was the only republican form of government established in Latin America. | 25 | |
| 1249814866 | D | Which of the following statements concerning the political organization of Latin America to 1850 is most accurate? (A) Most of Latin America was divided up into consolidated unites that mirrored the colonial vice royalties. (B) The excellent colonial road system enabled the creation of larger states after independence. (C) Permanent consolidation and union was more typical of Central America and southern South America than elsewhere. (D) Most attempts at consolidation and union had failed. | 26 | |
| 1251099518 | D | The United States expressed its attitude toward Latin American independence in 1823 with the issuance of the (A) Articles of Confederation (B) Southwest Ordinance (C) Canning Treaty (D) Monroe Doctrine | 27 | |
| 1251099519 | B | Which of the following descriptions of the politicians who led Liberal governments in post-1860 Latin America is NOT accurate? (A) They represented a new generation of politicians who had matured after independence. (B) They favored expansion of the franchise to Indians and mestizos who represented the "ancient" aspects of Latin American civilization. (C) Their inspiration was England, France, and the United States. (D) They were firm believers in progress, education, and free competition within a secular society. | 28 | |
| 1251099520 | A | Under Juan Manuel de Rosas, the United Provinces of the Rio de la Plata (A) adopted the federalist program of a weak central government and local autonomy. (B) overthrew the dominance of Buenos Aires province. (C) undertook a program of education and economic training among the Indians. (D) introduced a democratic regime that recognized political diversity without violence. | 29 | |
| 1251099521 | C | Which of the following beliefs is NOT associated with the concept of "modernization" or "Westernization?" (A) Development was a matter of increasing per capita production in any society. (B) The more industrialized and urbanized any society became, the more social change and improvement were possible as traditional patterns and attitudes were abandoned. (C) Change would take place through radical or revolutionary transitions rather than gradually. (D) As the process occurred, there would be a natural movement toward more democratic forms of government and popular participation. | 30 | |
| 1251099522 | C | Which of the following was NOT a weakness associated with the Ottoman Empire in the 18th century? (A) Weak rulers (B) Competition within factions of the elite (C) Conversion of much of the population to Christianity (D) Deteriorating conditions for artisans as result of competition with the West. | 31 | |
| 1251099523 | C | The first region to rebel successfully and independence from the Ottoman Empire was (A) the Crimea (B) Greece (C) Serbia (D) Palestine | 32 | |
| 1251099524 | C | What was the result of the reforms of Sultan Selim III (1789-1807)? (A) Western-style education was introduced throughout the Empire. (B) The Janissary corps was eliminated as a political and military force. (C) The sultan was toppled from the throne by a Janissary revolt. (D) Railways were constructed connecting the empire with Europe. | 33 | |
| 1251226782 | C | What group within the Ottoman Empire actually suffered as a result of the Tanzimat reforms? (A) Ayan (B) Ulama (C) Artisans (D) Merchants | 34 | |
| 1251226783 | B | Which of the following reforms resulted from the coup in the Ottoman Empire of 1908? (A) The sultanate was abolished. (B) The constitution of 1876 was restored. (C) Janissaries were removed as a political and military force. (D) Restrictions against women in Muslim society were removed | 35 | |
| 1251226784 | A | What nation's invasion of Egypt in 1798 signaled the beginning of European penetration of the Islamic heartland? (A) France (B) Britain (C) Russia (D) Austria-Hungary | 36 | |
| 1251226785 | C | Which of the following reforms undertaken by Muhammad Ali failed? (A) Production of raw materials in demand in Europe (cotton, hemp, indigo) (B) Improvements of Egyptian harbors and irrigation works along the Nile. (C) Build-up of an Egyptian industrial sector (D) Modernization of the army | 37 | |
| 1251226786 | .D | What was the result of the rebellion by Egyptian army officers in 1882? (A) The Khedival government was overthrown by an indigenous Egyptian government. (B) A new constitution was instituted, modeled on the Ottoman constitution of 1876. (C) The rebellion was crushed by the Turkish elements within the Egyptian army. (D) The Khedive called on the British to crush the rebellion, resulting in British overlordship of Egypt. | 38 | |
| 1251509252 | C | Which of the following statements concerning the Manchu government is most accurate? (A) They destroyed the scholar-gentry in order to consolidate their grip on the government. (B) The civil service examination system was eliminated as a means of entering the government. (C) Though Manchus occupied a disproportionate number of the highest political positions, there were few limits on Chinese promotions within the imperial bureaucracy. (D) Chinese officials were eliminated at the local administrative levels in order to prevent the extreme regionalization that had led to the downfall of previous dynasties. | 39 | |
| 1251509253 | A | The new groups of merchants that developed in China under the more relaxed commercial system of the Manchus were called (A) waiqin (B) pescadors (C) compradors (D) Boxers | 40 | |
| 1251509254 | A | Of the following regions, which defied the common pattern of growing Western domination in the 19th century? (A) Russia and Japan (B) The Ottoman Empire (C) Latin America (D) West Africa | 41 | |
| 1251509255 | C | What nations were linked together in the Holy Alliance that grouped conservative monarchies together in defense of religion and the status quo in 1815? (A) Britain, France, and Spain (B) Spain, Russia, and Poland (C) Russia, Prussia, and Austria (D) Austria, Japan, and Russia | 42 | |
| 1251509256 | D | Which of the following statements concerning Russian territorial expansion is most accurate? (A) Russia's loss of Poland in the revolt of 1830 stimulated other attempts at territorial expansion. (B) Russia actively opposed nationalist movements in the Balkans in keeping with its conservative tradition. (C) Western powers actively aided Russia's pursuit of territories in the Ottoman Empire. (D) No massive acquisitions marked the early 19th century, but Russia continued to be an aggressive competitor for territorial expansion. | 43 | |
| 1251509257 | C | What was in the mid-19th century demonstrated Russia's widening gap with the West? (A) Russo-Japanese War (B) Napoleon's invasion of Russia (C) Crimean War (D) Sepoy rebellion | 44 | |
| 1251509258 | C | Which of the following statements concerning the emancipation of the serfs in Russia is most accurate? (A) The emancipation of the serfs destroyed the Russian aristocracy. (B) Emancipation of the serfs loosened the grip of the tsarist state. (C) In addition to personal freedom, the serfs were granted parcels of land subject to redemption payments. (D) Following emancipation, peasants were free to move about Russia as they pleased leading to massive movements of agricultural labor. | 45 | |
| 1251509259 | C | Which of the following was present during the Russian program of industrialization? (A) Attitudinal change among workers similar to the West. (B) A large middle class (C) Rich natural resources (D) Small, but efficient factories | 46 | |
| 1251509260 | C | Which of the following statements about Russia Marxist is most accurate? (A) Marxist insistence on careful revolutionary organization and a focus on the working class were rapidly assimilated by anarchists and peasant groups. (B) Marxist doctrines were not imported from the West, but originated among the Russian intelligentsia (C) Lenin introduced important innovations in Marxist theory, including the idea that a proletarian revolution could take place without going though a middle-class phase. (D) Lenin was dedicated to the mass electioneering typical of Western socialist parties. | 47 | |
| 1251509261 | D | Which of the following statements concerning the Tokugawa Shogunate in the 19th century is most accurate? (A) The Shogunate bureaucracy had been opened to talented commoners, a reform that improved the standing of the government with the masses of the Japanese people. (B) By the 19th century, the Tokugawa were able to dispense with the feudal organization of earlier Japan. (C) Increasingly, the Shogunate depended on its long-standing alliances with Western powers to maintain its dominance. (D) The Shogunate continued to combine a central bureaucracy with semi-feudal alliances with regional daimyos and the samurai. | 48 | |
| 1251509262 | A | Which of the following was NOT an advantage of Japan over China in the competition to assume leadership and the establish industrialization in Asia? (A) Japan's leadership was less secular and bureaucratic than that of China. (B) Japan already knew the benefits of imitation, which China never acknowledged. (C) Japan had allowed a more autonomous merchant tradition. (D) Feudal traditions limited the heavy hand of government controls while stimulating a sense of competitiveness. | 49 | |
| 1251509263 | D | Which of the following statements concerning Japanese industrialization prior to World War I is correct? (A) Japan's work force was among the highest paid in the world. (B) Abundant natural resources made Japan virtually self-sufficient as an industrialized nation. (C) By 1914, Japan had reached the level of industrialization found in the West. (D) Japan needed exports to pay for machine and resource imports. | 50 |
