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| 7212225790 | Prehistory | Time before written records. Cave paintings and artifacts are used to determine what went on during this time. | 0 | |
| 7212225791 | Paleolithic age (old Stone Age) | 2.5 million BC to 12,000 BC. Nomadic, used simple tools and fire | 1 | |
| 7212225792 | Homo sapiens sapiens | All humans are believed to have descended from. Arose about 240,000 years ago in Africa. Developed rituals for afterlife and created cave paintings. | 2 | |
| 7212225793 | Mesolithic (middle) | 12,000 BC to 8,000 BC. More advanced weaponry, creation of log rafts and dugouts, domestication of animals (ex: cow, dog, goat, etc). Population expulsion= pressure for MORE food | 3 | |
| 7212225794 | Neolithic revolution | •Invention of agriculture •6-8 million people •farming, status of women declined, early agriculture developed in Middle East (Mesopotamia) | 4 | |
| 7212225795 | Technological change | •Had to store agricultural products- leads to pottery •potters wheel developed about 6,000 BC •Developed metal tools- copper 1st •Bronze replaces copper about 4,000 BC •Bronze Age ends with introduction of Iron Age- 1,500 BC | 5 | |
| 7212225796 | Job specialization | Needed metal workers to create garden implements such as hoes | 6 | |
| 7212225797 | Neolithic villages | •Jericho, Israel- 9,000 BC •Catal Huyuk, Turkey- 7,000 BC •Skara Brae, Scotland- 3,180 BC | 7 | |
| 7212225798 | 8 features of civilization | City, job specialization, writing, social classes, public works, government, complex religions, arts, and architecture | 8 | |
| 7212225799 | River valleys | •Middle East- Tigris and Euphrates river •Egypt- Nile river •India- Indus river •China- Yellow (Huang He) river | 9 | |
| 7212225800 | Fertile Crescent | Dark rich soils, produced lots of wheat, became crossroads for trade, cultural diffusion | 10 | |
| 7212225801 | Mesopotamia | Land between the rivers | 11 | |
| 7212225802 | Tigris and Euphrates river valleys | Part of the Fertile Crescent, violent floods, no natural building materials | 12 | |
| 7212225803 | Sumer | 1st great Mesopotamian civilization. Used bricks, ziggurats (great temples), trade, made 1st wheeled vehicles, divided into city-states, rulers led each city-state, seen as servant of the gods/goddesses | 13 | |
| 7212225804 | Sumerian religion | Polytheistic, believed afterlife was a world of punishment | 14 | |
| 7212225805 | Sumerian advances in learning | •Invented cuneiform in 3,500 BC (oldest form of writing) •basic algebra and geometry •number system based on 10, 60, 360; circle= 360 degrees •very accurate calendar | 15 | |
| 7212225806 | Egypt | •Nile river- longest in the world, flows northward, not navigable for its entirety because of the cataracts. •Egyptians counted on annual flooding to redeposit silt for fertility •Pyramid Age/ Old Kingdom- 2,700 BC to 2,200 BC •power struggles, crop failures, and building costs ended old kingdom •Middle Kingdom- 2,050 BC to 1,800 BC •Hyksos invaded in 1,700 BC- had horse drawn chariots and bronze weapons | 16 | |
| 7212225807 | Egypt | •New Kingdom- 1,550 BC to 1,100 BC •Egyptians learned the Hyksos technology and used it drive them out •Egypt expanded | 17 | |
| 7212225808 | Great Egyptian leaders of the new kingdom | •Hatshepsut- only woman to rule in her own right •Ramses II- longest reigning Pharaoh, ruled for 72 years, had 100 kids | 18 | |
| 7212225809 | Egyptian decline | •weak rulers followed Ramses II •Assyrians and Persians conquered Egypt •later Greece and Rome will conquer Egypt | 19 | |
| 7212225810 | Egyptian religion and society | •polytheistic •pharaoh, high priests/priestesses, nobles, merchants, scribes, artisans, farmers, slaves •women had higher social status | 20 | |
| 7212225811 | Egyptian achievements | Hieroglyphics, demotic, papyrus scrolls, astronomy, mathematics, painting/sculpture, medicine | 21 | |
| 7212225812 | King Tutankhamen's tomb | •found by Howard Carter in 1922 •the most nearly intact tomb found •about 3,000 years old | 22 | |
| 7212225813 | Babylonians | •Babylon- Baghdad, Iraq •Kind Hammurabi- great code of laws- put them all over the kingdom; "an eye for an eye" •this was the 1st major collection of laws •women had some rights •children were suppose to honor and respect parents •cowardice in battle, kidnapping, bigamy, adultery, perjury, wrongdoing by officials •PUNISHABLE BY DEATH | 23 | |
| 7212225814 | Babylon | •revived under Nebuchadnezzar- 612 BC •built hanging gardens of Babylon- 1 of the 7 wonders •conquered the Jews in 586 BC and destroyed the Temple of Israel •enslaved many and took them to Babylon | 24 | |
| 7212225815 | Hittites | Great iron workers, used iron weapons | 25 | |
| 7212225816 | Assyrians | •iron weapons •fierce and cruel warriors •opened 1st library | 26 | |
| 7212225817 | Phoenicians | •great sea farers- may have traveled to Britain •developed 1st alphabet •developed purple dye (murex) •created colonies all over the Mediterranean region | 27 | |
| 7212225818 | Lydians | 1st to use money | 28 | |
| 7212225819 | Hebrews | •early nomads is Ur (Sumer) •2,000 BC- moved to Canaan (Palestine); original covenant with God (Abraham) •1,800 BC- famine led to emigration to Egypt where Hebrews will be enslaved later •Moses will lead the people (Exodus); receives 10 commandments from God •Joshua completes the Exodus | 29 | |
| 7212225820 | Hebrews | •Israel created in 1,000 BC •539 BC- Cyrus the Great and the Persians defeated the Babylonians and allowed the Jews to return to Israel • many Jews returned to rebuild the Temple of Israel | 30 | |
| 7212225821 | Jewish beliefs | •monotheistic •10 commandments •Torah- 1st 5 books of the Old Testament •Talmua- laws •believed in strong ethics, respect for women | 31 | |
| 7212225822 | Jews | •Diaspora- scattering of the Jews •result of many enslavements and exiles of the Jews •Jerusalem- claimed by all 3 major faiths of the Middle East- Judaism, Christianity, and Islam | 32 | |
| 7213977898 | India | Subcontinent- India, Pakistan, Bangladesh | 33 | |
| 7213977899 | Indus river valley | •Harappan- 2,500 BC to 1,750 BC •present day Pakistan •large civilization- 2 main cities- Harappa and Mohenjo Daro •had uniform weights and measurements •1st to cultivate cotton into cloth •mostly farmers | 34 | |
| 7213977900 | Indus River valley | •polytheistic •writing- only writing left is on seals •had citadels •decline- not sure why, but by 1,500 BC the aryans had take. Over the region | 35 | |
| 7213977901 | Aryans | •migrated from the Steppe of Russia •wealth=cows •social classes based on occupation •strict adherence to social class as this determine spiritual purity •passed down history and religion (Vedas) orally Sanskrit developed- written language •helped to form Hinduism | 36 | |
| 7215156422 | Chinese religion | •polytheistic •ancestor worship- intercession- only ancestors could get the ear of a god •Shang di- mother goddess | 37 | |
| 7215156423 | Chinese writing | •pictographs •ideographs •calligraphy •oldest example of writing is on oracle bones | 38 | |
| 7215156424 | Shang dynasty | •war like nomads who conquered China around 1,500 BC •pictographic writing becomes ideographs and ultimately becomes characters •writing was a unifying feature in ancient China | 39 | |
| 7215156425 | Silk road | Most important trade route of ancient times | 40 |
