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APWH unit 2 foundations Flashcards

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224024192agriculturethe practice of cultivating the land or raising stock0
224024193Agrarianrelating to rural matters1
224024194Bands/ClansSmall groups of families living and acting cooperatively2
224024195Barbariana member of an uncivilized people3
224024196Bureaucracysystem of managing government through departments run by appointed officials4
224024197Civilizationa society in an advanced state of social development (e.g., with complex legal and political and religious organizations)5
224024198City-StatesDifferent sections of land owned by the same country but ruled by different rulers6
224024199Classicalof or characteristic of a form or system felt to be of first significance before modern times7
224024200Domesticationthe taming of animals for human use, such as work or as food8
224024201Economyfrugality in the expenditure of money or resources9
224024202EgalitarianA person who believes in the equality of all people10
224024203EmperorThe ruler of an empire11
224024204Empirea group of countries under a single authority12
224024205Feudalisma political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service13
224024206Foragingthe act of searching for food and provisions14
224024207Hierarchythe organization of people at different ranks in an administrative body15
224024208Hierarchicalin order of rank or authority16
224024209Hunter-Gatherera member of a nomadic group whose food supply depends on hunting animals and collecting plant foods.17
224024210Irrigationsupplying land with water through a network of canals18
224024211Monarchystate ruled over by a single person, as a king or queen19
224024212Monotheismbelief in a single God20
224024213NeolithicNew Stone Age21
224024214Nomadicwandering, moving about from place to place22
224024215Pastoralrural; of rural life; idyllic; of a pastor23
224024216Philosophya belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group24
224024217Polytheismbelief in multiple Gods25
224024218River Valleythe fertile land surrounding a river26
224024219Sedentarynot migratory; settled27
224024220Settlementthe act of colonizing28
224024221Subsistenceexistence; means of subsisting; means of support; livelihood; V. subsist: exist; maintain life (at a meager level)29
224024222Surplusa quantity much larger than is needed30
224024223Sustenancea source of materials to nourish the body31
224024224Theocracygovernment by divine power or priests32
224024225Traditionalconsisting of or derived from tradition33
224024226Urbanizationthe social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban34
224024227Vassalsmembers of the elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty35
224024228Alexander The Greatson of Philip II; received military training in Macedonian army and was a student of Aristotle; great leader; conquered much land in Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and Mesopotamia; goal was to conquer the known world36
224024229Analects of ConfuciusRecord of Confucius values37
224024230Bronze Agea period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze38
224024231Byzantiuma continuation of the Roman Empire in the Middle East after its division in 395 (East Rome)39
224024232Calendera system of organizes time that defines the feging length and division of a year40
224024233Code of Hammurabithe set of laws drawn up by Babylonian king Hammurabi dating to the 18th century BC, the earliest legal code known in its entirety41
224024234CuneiformSumerian writing made by pressing a wedge-shaped tool into clay tablets42
224024235Democracya political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them43
224024236Eight Fold Patheight guides to thought and conduct in the Buddhism religion44
224024237Four Noble Truths1) All life is full of suffering, pain, and sorrow. 2) The cause of suffering is nonvirtue, or negative deeds and mindsets such as hated and desire. 3) The only cure for suffering is to overcome nonvirture. 4) The way to overcome nonvirtue is to follow the Eightfold Path (Buddhism)45
224024238Gothic MigrationsGermanic nomads pushed into West Rome by the Huns46
224024239Great WallChinese defensive fortification built to keep out northern nomadic invaders; began during the reign of Shi Huangdi.47
224024240Han Dynastyimperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization48
224024241Hellenismthe principles and ideals associated with classical Greek civilization49
224024242The Hunswarrior nomads who built their own imperial confederacy in central europe and invaded europe in 270 CE from Europe/ Russia to Manchuria50
224024243Indian Ocean Tradeconnected to Europe, Africa, and China.; worlds richest maritime trading network and an area of rapid Muslim expansion.51
224024244Iron Agethe period following the Bronze Age; characterized by rapid spread of iron tools and weapons52
224024245Jewish Diasporathe global dispersion of the jewish people from their ancestral homeland, with a history dating back to millennia53
224024246Legalismstrict conformity to the letter of the law rather than its spirit54
224024247Pax RomanaA period of peace and prosperity throughout the Roman Empire, lasting from 27 B.C. to A.D. 180.55
224024248PyramidsHuge stone tombs with four triangle-shaped walls that met in a point on top56
224024249Roman Republicthe ancient Roman state from 509 BC until Augustus assumed power in 27 BC57
224024250Roman SenateA council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire. (148)58
224024251Shang CivilizationChina's first dynasty almost 2000 BCE59
224024252Shi Huang DiQin dynasty - reunified china, legalistic, introduced the standard units of money, unified the great wall, buried with 7000 terracotta soldiers, hated confucianism60
224024253Siddhartha Gautamafounder of Buddism; born a prince; left his father's wealth to find the cause of human suffering; also know as Buddha61
224024254Silk Road TradeThe most famous of the trading routes established by pastoral nomads connecting the Chinese, Indian, Persian, and Mediterranean civilizations; transmitted goods and ideas among civilization.62
224024255The TorahThe Jewish Bible63
224024256The Vedas of HinduismAryan hyms orignally transmitted orally but written down in sacred books from the 6th century b.c.e.64
224024257Zigguratsa temple tower of the ancient Assyrians and Babylonians, having the form of a terraced pyramid of successively receding stories65

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