Terms : Hide Images
| 1062788288 | Islam (empire) | ... | 0 | |
| 1062788289 | Abbasid | 750-1258. Tried to break down barriers between Arab and non-Arab Muslims. Capital at Baghdad, which allowed Persian influence. Harun al-Rashid's reign was considered golden age. Quite stable and intellectual. Caliphs became more kings than spiritual leaders. Advised by a council headed by a vizier. Lack of spiritual authority weakened caliphate and Harun's two sons' rivalries led to destruction of Baghdad, as did financial corruption. Faced threat from Seljuk Turks. | 1 | |
| 1062788290 | Africa (Ethiopia, Mail Songhai, Swahili Coast) | ... | 2 | |
| 1062788291 | Byzantium | An old Greek city, renamed Constantinople, that become the center of the Byzantine Empire; present day Istanbul. | 3 | |
| 1062788292 | Charlemange & Holy Roman Empire | King of the Franks from 768 to 814 and emporer of rome from 800 to 814. Ruled over 40 years. Most important leader of the Franks because he unified nearly all Christian lands of Europe into a single empire., grandson of Charles Martel, forced Christianity on his people, he was known for establishing schools to spark creativity | 4 | |
| 1062788293 | Maya, Aztec, Inca | The Maya is a Mesoamerican civilization, noted for the only known fully developed written language of the pre-Columbian Americas, as well as its art, architecture, and mathematical and astronomical systems. The Aztec people were certain ethnic groups of central Mexico, particularly those groups who spoke the Nahuatl language and who dominated large parts of Mesoamerica in the 14th, 15th and 16th centuries, a period referred to as the late post-classic period in Mesoamerican chronology. The Inca civilization (or Inka) began as a tribe in the Cuzco area, where the legendary first Sapa Inca, Manco Capac, founded the Kingdom of Cuzco around 1200. | 5 | |
| 1062788294 | Tang/Song China | P:Bueracracy, emperor, dynasty(ies), strong military, marriage alliances,scholar-gentry classs, aristocrats, Secretiat, Executive Department, Bureau of Censors, exam | 6 | |
| 1062788295 | Japan, Korea, and Vietnam | what regions of asia were most drawn to chinese cultural and political models | 7 | |
| 1062788296 | Mongols | A people of this name is mentioned as early as the records of the Tang Empire, living as nomads in northern Eurasia. After 1206 they established an enormous empire under Genghis Khan, linking western and eastern Eurasia. | 8 | |
| 1062788297 | Islam | A religion based on the teachings of the prophet Mohammed which stresses belief in one god (Allah), Paradise and Hell, and a body of law written in the Quran. | 9 | |
| 1062788298 | Ka'ba | ("cube") a pre-islamic cubed building in mecca believed by muslims to have been built by Abraham. It is the center of the Muslim Pilgrimage | 10 | |
| 1062788299 | Umma | The community of all Muslims | 11 | |
| 1062788300 | Caliph | A supreme political and religious leader in a Muslim government | 12 | |
| 1062788301 | Sunni | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge the first four caliphs as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 13 | |
| 1062788302 | Allah | -Muslim name for the one and only God | 14 | |
| 1062788303 | Rubaiyat | Epic poem of Omar Khayyam; seeks to find meaning in life and a path to union with the divine | 15 | |
| 1062788304 | Arabic Numbers | System of writing numerals that was developed by Gupta mathematicians; became known as Arabic numerals because the Arabs brought them from India to the Middle East and Europe. | 16 | |
| 1062788305 | Griots | An oral historian and musician who became important in western Africa in the 1500s and still carries on oral traditions today...also known as the kings assistants | 17 | |
| 1062788306 | Sharia | A body of law that includes interpretation of the Qur'an, examples of behavior from Muhammad's life, and Muslims traditions. | 18 | |
| 1062788307 | Justinian's Code | An organized collection and explanation of Roman laws for use by the Byzantine Empire | 19 | |
| 1062788308 | Orthodox Christian Church | Eastern Christian church which was created in 1053 after the schism from the western Roman church; its head is the patriarch of Constantinople. Major differences between it and Catholicism are, priests can marry, leavened bread, and investiture of priests (who can be a priest) | 20 | |
| 1062788309 | Greek Fire | Byzantine weapon consisting of mixture of chemicals (petroleum, quicklime, sulfur) that ignited when exposed to water; utilized to drive back Arab fleets that attacked Constantinople | 21 | |
| 1062788310 | Middle Ages | Also known as the medieval period, the time between the collapse of the Roman Empire in the fifth century AD and the beginning of the Renaissance in the fourteenth century. | 22 | |
| 1062788311 | Manorialism | An economic system based on the manor and lands including a village and surrounding acreage which were administered by a lord. It developed during the Middle Ages to increase agricultural production. | 23 | |
| 1062788312 | Serfs | Men of women who were the poorest members of society, peasants who worked the lord's land in exchange for protection. But were not slaves | 24 | |
| 1062788313 | Vassals | members of the military elite who received land or a benefice from a lord in return for military service and loyalty | 25 | |
| 1062788314 | Hanseatic League | A group of trading cities located mostly around the Baltic Sea that engaged in extensive trade relations during the late medieval period. | 26 | |
| 1062788315 | Roman Catholic Church | Church established in western Europe during the Roman Empire and the Middle Ages with its head being the bishop of Rome or pope. | 27 | |
| 1062788316 | Investiture | A formal conferring of power to clergy usually with robes or other Christian symbols | 28 | |
| 1062788317 | Chivalry | A code that knights adopted in the late Middle Ages; requiring them to be brave, loyal and true to their word; they had to fight fairly in battle | 29 | |
| 1062788318 | Split Inheritance | Inca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy. | 30 | |
| 1062788319 | Tambos | Way stations used by Incas as inns and storehouses; supply centers for Inca armies on move; relay points for system of runners used to carry messages | 31 | |
| 1062788320 | Chinampas | Aztec floating gardens | 32 | |
| 1062788321 | Quetzalcoatl | Aztec nature god, feathered serpent, his disappearance and promised return coincided with the arrival of Cortes | 33 | |
| 1062788322 | Junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula | 34 | |
| 1062788323 | Foot Binding | Practice in Chinese society to mutilate women's feet in order to make them smaller; produced pain and restricted women's movement; made it easier to confine women to the household | 35 | |
| 1062788324 | Neo-Confucianism | A philosophy that emerged in Song-dynasty China; it revived Confucian thinking while adding in Buddhist and Daoist elements. | 36 | |
| 1062788325 | Tale of Genji | story of Prince Genji and his lovers, written by Lady Murasaki Shikibu at end of 11th century, world's first full novel | 37 | |
| 1062788326 | Seppuku | ritual suicide | 38 | |
| 1062788327 | Qur'an | Holy book of Islam | 39 | |
| 1062788328 | Five Pillars | 1) Allah is only God 2) prayer to Mecca 3) Fasting during Ramadan 4) Zakat (charity) 5) The Hajj (pilgrimage to Mecca) | 40 | |
| 1062788329 | Jihad | A holy struggle or striving by a Muslim for a moral or spiritual or political goal | 41 | |
| 1062788330 | Shi'a | A branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 42 | |
| 1062788331 | Hajj | A pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims | 43 | |
| 1062788332 | Ramadan | (Islam) a fast (held from sunrise to sunset) that is carried out during the Islamic month of Ramadan | 44 | |
| 1062788333 | Sufis | A mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life. | 45 | |
| 1062788334 | Stateless Societies | african societies organized around kinship or other forms of obligation and lacking the concentration of political power and authority associated with states | 46 | |
| 1062788335 | Bantu Migration | The movement of the Bantu peoples southward throughout Africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000 | 47 | |
| 1062788336 | Hagia Sophia | Name the church in Constantinople built with many elements of Greek and Roman architecture. | 48 | |
| 1062788337 | Icons | A painting of Christ or another holy figure, used as an aid to devotion in the Byzantine and other Eastern Churches. | 49 | |
| 1062788338 | Hellenistic Culture | Greek culture blended with Egyptian, Persian and Indian ideas, as a result of Alexander the Great's Empire. | 50 | |
| 1062788339 | Cyrillic Alphabet | An alphabet for the writing of Slavic languages, devised in the ninth century A.D. by Saints Cyril and Methodius | 51 | |
| 1062788340 | Gothic | A style of architecture developed in northern France that spread throughout Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries | 52 | |
| 1062788341 | Feudalism | A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land | 53 | |
| 1062788342 | Moldboard | heavy plow introduced in northern Europe during the Middle Ages; permitted deeper cultivation of heavier soils. | 54 | |
| 1062788343 | Magna Carta | 1215 document that limited the king's ability to tax English nobles and that guaranteed due process and a right to trial | 55 | |
| 1062788344 | Guilds | An association of persons of the same trade or pursuits, formed to protect mutual interests and maintain standards | 56 | |
| 1062788345 | Pope | Head of the Roman Catholic Church | 57 | |
| 1062788346 | Romanesque | 1050-1200, "Roman-like." A term to describe the history, culture, and art of medieval western | 58 | |
| 1062788347 | Beowulf | a great warrior, goes to Denmark on a successful mission to kill Grendel; he returns home to Geatland, where he becomes king and slays a dragon before dying; poem; alliterative verse, elegy, small scale heroic epic; author unknown; setting around 500 AD | 59 | |
| 1062788348 | Twantinsuyu | Word for Inca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina | 60 | |
| 1062788349 | Curacas | local rulers who the Inca left in office in return for loyalty | 61 | |
| 1062788350 | Mita | In the Inca Empire, the requirement that all able-bodied subjects work for the state a certain number of days each year | 62 | |
| 1062788351 | "Inca Socialism" | A view created by Spanish authors to describe Inca society as a type of utopia; image of the Inca Empire as a carefully organized system in which every community collectively contributed to the whole. | 63 | |
| 1062788352 | Grand Canal | The 1,100-mile (1,700-kilometer) waterway linking the Yellow and the Yangzi Rivers. It was begun in the Han period and completed during the Sui Empire. | 64 | |
| 1062788353 | Flying Money | Chinese credit instrument that provided credit vouchers to merchants to be redeemed at the end of the voyage; reduced danger of robbery; early form of currency | 65 | |
| 1062788354 | Sinification | extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions | 66 | |
| 1062788355 | Taika Reforms | Attempt to remake Japanese monarch into an absolute Chinese-style emperor; included attempts to create professional bureaucracy and peasant conscript army. | 67 | |
| 1062788356 | Samurai | Class of warriors in feudal Japan who pledged loyalty to a noble in return for land. | 68 | |
| 1062788357 | Shoguns | Military leaders of Japan during its feudal era and the actual powers behind the emperor until the Meiji restoration. | 69 | |
| 1062788358 | Daimyo | A Japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai; warlord but not as powerful as a shogun. | 70 | |
| 1062788359 | Bushido | "the way of the warrior" | 71 | |
| 1062788360 | Khagan | Title of supreme ruler of the Mongol tribes. | 72 | |
| 1062788361 | Mongol Yuan Dynasty | a dynasty that began with Kublai Khan's conquest of southern China and Burma in 1287 | 73 | |
| 1062788362 | Kami | A Japanese aircraft loaded with explosives and making a deliberate suicidal crash on an enemy target | 74 | |
| 1062788363 | Shamanistic Religion | Religion that revolves around the belief of nature spirits;Was the main religious belief of Chinggis Khan and the Mongols; Although it was the main religion, the khagan was very tolerant of all otehr religions | 75 | |
| 1062788364 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 76 | |
| 1062788365 | Ethnocentrism | Belief in the superiority of one's nation or ethnic group. | 77 | |
| 1062788366 | Muhammad | -Founder of Islamic religion, prophet of allah, conquers Mecca | 78 | |
| 1062788367 | Harun al Rashid | caliph (r. 786-809) who is responsible for a Golden Age in the Muslim World and the House of Wisdom in Baghdad | 79 | |
| 1062788368 | Saladin | (1137-1193) Muslim general; led the Muslim forces during the Third Crusade | 80 | |
| 1062788369 | Mansa Musa | Emperor of the kingdom of Mali in Africa. He made a famous pilgrimage to Mecca and established trade routes to the Middle East. | 81 | |
| 1062788370 | Justinian | Byzantine emperor in the 6th century A.D. who reconquered much of the territory previously ruler by Rome, initiated an ambitious building program , including Hagia Sofia, as well as a new legal code | 82 | |
| 1062788371 | Constantine | Emperor of Rome who adopted the Christian faith and stopped the persecution of Christians (280-337) | 83 | |
| 1062788372 | Clovis | King of Franks; conquered Gaul; earned support of Gaul and Church of Rome by converting; Ruled lands in Frankish custom but kept Roman legacy | 84 | |
| 1062788373 | Thomas Aquinas | (Roman Catholic Church) Italian theologian and Doctor of the Church who is remembered for his attempt to reconcile faith and reason in a comprehensive theology | 85 | |
| 1062788374 | Geoffrey Chaucer | English poet remembered as author of the Canterbury Tales (1340-1400) | 86 | |
| 1062788375 | Toltecs | Powerful postclassic empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization. (p. 305) | 87 | |
| 1062788376 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 88 | |
| 1062788377 | Empress Wu | (690 - 705 C.E.) Tang ruler who supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddha created. | 89 | |
| 1062788378 | Lady Murasaki | Woman given credit for writing the world's first novel, The Tale of Genji. | 90 | |
| 1062788379 | Trinh | Dynasty that ruled in north Vietnam at Hanoi, 1533 to 1772; rivals of Nguyen family in South. | 91 | |
| 1062788380 | Kublilai Khan | Kubilai Khan, who was Ghengis Khan's grandson, lived 1215 - 1294 and put in action a policy of religious toleration, with the exception of Confucianism. He was a benevolent emperor, as he improved roads, built canals, lowered some taxes, patronized scholars and artists, limited the death penalty and torture, and supported peasant agriculture. | 92 | |
| 1062788381 | Timur-I Lang | last major nomad leader; 14th century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405. | 93 | |
| 1062788382 | Henry the Navigator | (1394-1460) Portuguese prince who promoted the study of navigation and directed voyages of exploration down the western coast of Africa. | 94 | |
| 1062788383 | Khadijah | First wife of the prophet Muhammad, who had worked for her as a trader. | 95 | |
| 1062788384 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic Turks from Asia who conquered Baghdad in 1055 and allowed the caliph to remain only as a religious leader. they governed strictly | 96 | |
| 1062788385 | Ibn Khaldun | Arab historian. He developed an influential theory on the rise and fall of states. Born in Tunis, he spent his later years in Cairo as a teacher and judge. In 1400 he was sent to Damascus to negotiate the surrender of the city. | 97 | |
| 1062788386 | Ibn Batuta | Arab traveler who described African societies and cultures in his travel records | 98 | |
| 1062788387 | Cyril and methodius | Byzantine missionaries sent to convert eastern Europe and Balkans; responsible for creation of Slavic written script called Cyrillic. | 99 | |
| 1062788388 | Rurik | Legendary Scandinavian, regarded as founder of the first kingdom of Russia based in Kiev in 855 C.E. | 100 | |
| 1062788389 | Charlemagne | (768-814 CE) Crowned king in 800 CE by the pope; can be compared to Harsha; brought back unified rule to Europe only during his life; used the missi dominici to check up on imperial officials. | 101 | |
| 1062788390 | Benedict of Nursia | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rules in Byzantine Empire. | 102 | |
| 1062788391 | Vikings | A group that traded and raided Europe throughout the 800s. Traveled as far as North America. | 103 | |
| 1062788392 | Pachacuti | ..., Ruler of Inca society from 1438 to 1471; launched a series of military campaigns that gave Incas control of the region from Cuzco to the shores of Lake Titicaca | 104 | |
| 1062788393 | Li Bo | Most famous poet of the Tang era; blended images of the mundane world with philosophical musings. | 105 | |
| 1062788394 | Xuanzong | Leading Chinese emperor of the Tang dynasty who reigned from 713 to 755 though he encouraged overexpansion | 106 | |
| 1062788395 | Taira vs Minamoto | two families involved in Gempei wars | 107 | |
| 1062788396 | Chinggis Khan | Also known as Genghis Khan, was born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227 prior to conquest of most of the Islamic world. | 108 | |
| 1062788397 | Chabi | Influential wife of Kubilai Khan; promoted interests of Buddhists in China; indicative of refusal of Mongol women to adopt restrictive social conventions of Chinese. | 109 | |
| 1062788398 | Zhenghe | Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded a series of expeditions to the Indian ocean, Persian Gulf, and Red Sea between 1405 and 1433. | 110 | |
| 1062788399 | Vasco da Gama | Portuguese explorer. In 1497-1498 he led the first naval expedition from Europe to sail to India, opening an important commercial sea route. | 111 | |
| 1062788400 | Spread of Islam | Islam spread through West Africa peacefully by trade, and violently by conquest. People in ruling courts converted, some in the countryside kept their beliefs | 112 | |
| 1062788401 | Black Death | An outbreak of bubonic plague that spread across Asia, North Africa, and Europe in the mid-fourteenth century, carrying off vast numbers of persons. (p. 397) | 113 | |
| 1062788402 | Crusades | 1096 Christian Europe aim to reclaim Jerusalem and aid they Byzantines; 1st success and the rest a failure; weakens the Byzantines; opens up trade | 114 | |
| 1062788403 | Mongol Conquests | swept into parts of eastern and central Europe; conquered much of SW Asia;In 1258 Baghdad fell to the Mongs; pushed through Syria and Palestine to Egypt; Finally stopped by the Muslims rulers of Egypt in 1260. | 115 |
