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| 49706602 | Mecca | a city in western Saudi Arabia; birthplace of the prophet Muhammad and most holy city for Islamic people | 0 | |
| 49706603 | Medina | Earlier name for the city Yathrib. Muhammad moved here from Mecca in the migration known as the Hijrah. | 1 | |
| 49706604 | Dome of the Rock | Muslim shrine containing the rock from which Mohammad is believed to have risen to heaven; Jews believe Abraham prepared to sacrifice his son Isaac on the rock | 2 | |
| 49706605 | Baghdad | where the Abbasids moved the capital of the Muslim Empire in 762. It was a newly created city in central Iraq. The location on key trade routes gave the caliph access to trade goods, gold, and information about far empires. It was a beautiful city with a beautiful palace. It became the center of the Muslim empire with so many people and things.; the rivers helped with trade | 3 | |
| 49706606 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. (250) | 4 | |
| 49706607 | Hagia Sophia | Most famous example of Byzantine architecture, it was built under Justinian I and is considered one of the most perfect buildings in the world; Eastern Orthodox church in Constantinople | 5 | |
| 49706608 | Battle of Tours | 732 AD Christians defeat Muslim invaders and stop the spread of Islam into Europe; Charles Martel | 6 | |
| 49706609 | Holy Roman Empire | a Germanic empire located chiefly in central Europe that began with the coronation of Charlemagne as Roman emperor in a.d. 800 (or, according to some historians, with the coronation of Otto the Great, king of Germany, in a.d. 962) and ended with the renunciation of the Roman imperial title by Francis II in 1806, and was regarded theoretically as the continuation of the Western Empire and as the temporal form of a universal dominion whose spiritual head was the pope | 7 | |
| 49706610 | Carolingian Dynasty | A series of Frankish rulers including Pippin and Charlemagne lasting from 751 to 987 | 8 | |
| 49706611 | Umayyad Dynasty | initiated by Muawiyah set up a hereditary system of succession (proved fateful, because the caliph was no longer elected); capital moved to Damascus; office of caliph became more powerful; notoriously secular lifestyles; favored Arabs in areas of taxation, social status, and religion; large expansion of Arab empire; respected jews and Christians as "People of the Book"; luxurious living for ruling families, prompting riots among general population, ld to overthrow by Abbasid dynasty in 750. | 9 | |
| 49706612 | Tang Dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria; after Sui, before Song; Empress Wu ruled; Buddhism favored until end; rebuilt parts of wall; Great Canal majorly built; trade/travel on silk road protected; oceanic ships improved; dominated Indian ocean trade; paper money; urban areas grew; land redistributed; gunpowder invented; short stories became popular; tea/rice imported; population growth in S was larger than N | 10 | |
| 49706613 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings; Defeated by Mongols; Neo-Confucianism arose; emphasis on scholar gentry; moveable type printing; magnetic compass; abacus; footbinding; patriarchal family intensified | 11 | |
| 49706614 | Japan | tokugawa shogunate established fuedalism; act of seclusion closed this nation off of european influences foa an additional 200 years; this "warrior based" society rejected the merchants; nagasaki was the only european trade port allowed | 12 | |
| 49706615 | Vietnam | Southeastern Asian country, called Nam Viet, successfully rebelled from China in 939. fell into chaos, stabilized after a series of long dynasties | 13 | |
| 49706616 | Korea | served as a cultural link between China and Japan adaption and transforming chinses traditions befor passing them on to japan | 14 | |
| 49706617 | Delhi Sultanate | created by the Sultan Mahmud; lasted from 1206 AD to 1526 AD; the first Muslim empire in India; began Muslim rule in North India | 15 | |
| 49706618 | Mongol Empire | an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe; facilitated flow of trade between Europe and Asia; brought bubonic plague to 3 continents; tribe= basic unit; steppe diplomacy (involved alliances w/other pastoral groups and elimination of rivals); generally tolerant toward religious beliefs/practices of those they conquered and sometimes converted | 16 | |
| 49706619 | Kush | an ancient kingdom in northeastern Africa conquered by Egypt. It later regained independence and flourished through trade between c. 500 B.C. and A.D. 150 | 17 | |
| 49706620 | Axum | a town of northern Ethiopia. From the first to the eighth century A.D. it was the capital of an empire that controlled much of northern Ethiopia; major trade center, perfect location along Red Sea, conquered Nubia, converted to Christianity | 18 | |
| 49706621 | Swahili Coast | East African shores of the Indian Ocean between the Horn of Africa and the Zambezi River; from the Arabic sawahil, meaning 'shores.' (p. 383); became a large trading region, where goods from Saudi Arabia, India, Africa and China were traded | 19 | |
| 49706622 | Ghana | 900-1200 A.D., First known kingdom in Sub Saharan W. Africa, started by sonike tribe, had gold mines, located on important trade routes, kings got wealthy from taxes from people traveling through, only kings could own gold nuggets, they also were the judges and military leaders, lacked salt to preserve food so they traded salt for gold. | 20 | |
| 49706623 | Mali | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. (See also Timbuktu.) (p. 375) | 21 | |
| 49706624 | Songhai | A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the sixteenth century, the Muslim Songhai Empire stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade. | 22 | |
| 49706625 | Maya | a member of an American Indian people of Yucatan and Belize and Guatemala who had a culture (which reached its peak between AD 300 and 900) characterized by outstanding architecture and pottery and astronomy; Constant warfare led to the collapse of this civilization. Major achievements: builders, math and science, writing system, artistry; complex and advanced pre-Columbian Indian society. Chichen Itza was a leading city. Constructed canals for irrigation, developed an accurate calendar and a writing system, and practiced human sacrifice. | 23 | |
| 49706626 | Inca | a member of the small group of Quechuan people living in the Cuzco valley in Peru who established hegemony over their neighbors to create the great Inca empire that lasted from about 1100 until the Spanish conquest in the early 1530s | 24 | |
| 49706627 | Aztec | group from the north that invaded central Mexico; were first wandering warriors; built their capital city at Tenochtitlan; increased their power until they dominated central Mexico; built causeways, pyramids, marketplaces, and palaces; adopted many customs from other cultures; used chinamapas for farming; militaristic society; known for human sacrifice and dedication to the sun god; ended when conquered by Spanish explorers in the 1500s; maize and beans were staple crops; established tribute empire; stratified society; social structure organized into calpulli | 25 | |
| 49706628 | Temple of the Sun | Inca religious center located at Cuzco; center of state religion; held mummies of past Incas | 26 | |
| 49706629 | Machu Picchu | Famous fortress city high in the Andes Mountains (provides us with great examples of Inca building skills). The ruins of the city were rediscovered in 1911; Inca city built to protect the people from attacks from hostile tribes living in the jungle to the east | 27 | |
| 49706630 | Silk Road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay.; Initiated around 114 BC by the Han Dynasty of China. | 28 | |
| 49706631 | Indian Ocean trade | areas, sequence of control of- Major trades happened on the Indian Ocean. Trade happened between Arab, Persian, Turkish, Indian, black African, Chinese, and Europe merchants. Is the 3rd largest waterway and covers 20% of Earth's ocean water area. 3 circles of the Indian Ocean trade impacted by the Black Death caused trade to be more regional; increased trade via this by China during ming dynasty after Yuan dynasty (mongols) | 29 |
