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| responding with a claim that is off-point and misleads the audience | ||
| strategy of persuasion (ethos, pathos, logos) | ||
| relationship expressing "If X is the cause, then Y is the effect." | ||
| faulty premise upon which an argument rests | ||
| substitution of an attributive phrase for a proper name, or use of a proper name to express personality charactersitics "that young singer thinks she's a real Madonna" | ||
| repetition of the last word of a clause at the beginning of the following clause | ||
| relationship expressing an "if... then..." statement | ||
| juxtaposition of contrasting words or ideas, often in parallel structure "Place your virtues on a pedastal; put your vices under a rock" | ||
| elaborate statement justifying some controversial position | ||
| omission of conjunctions between related clauses "I came, I saw, I went." | ||
| agreement with an opposing arguement's point | ||
| heightening a message by emphasizing pitch, volume, and pause by using gestures and movement | ||
| double (or multiple) meanings of a group of words that the speaker or writer has purposly left that way | ||
| logical reasoning with one premise left unstated | ||
| repetition of a group of words at the end of successive clauses "Hear no evil, see no evil, speak no evil." | ||
| extended passage arguing that if two things are similar in one or two ways, they're probably similar in more ways | ||
| systematic strategy or method for solving problems | ||
| an understatement "Her work ran the entire range of emotion from A to B." | ||
| trope in which one word, usually a noun or main verb, governs two other words not related in meaning | ||
| establishing a trend- authority gained for an argument that something should be done again because of prior actions and decisions under the same conditions | ||
| first premise in a syllogism particular instance of the generalization stated in an accurate generalization | ||
| second premise in a syllogism offers particular instance of the major premise | ||
| the part of speech where the speaker anticipates objections to the points being made and counters them | ||
| formal patterns for organizing text ex: description, narration exposition, and argumentation -exposition: comparison/ contrast, classification, and division | ||
| claim where if an important distinction is not made, or action taken, what seems to be a small problem will become serious | ||
| misrepresenting arguments- constructing a positive argument in reaction to a stand that no one has taken | ||
| group of words that repeats the meaning already conveyed | ||
| an artful variation from expected modes of expression of thoughts and ideas | ||
| attacking the person instead of the argument | ||
| a brief narrative offered to capture the audience's attention, sympathy, or to support a claim | ||
| citation; or establishing reliability of self or of a source | ||
| persuasive technique similar to peer pressure essentially:"Everyone else is doing it, so should you!" | ||
| reasoning that begins with the general and ends with the specific | ||
| reasoning that begins with citing a number of specific examples and ahows how they collectively establish a general principle | ||
| beliefs about good and bad and how where each comes from | ||
| an untrustworthy or naive commentor on events and characters in a story | ||
| stated position, thesis, or claim (usually main claim, could be supporting) | ||
| response to an opposing argument's positive points | ||
| technique used to address and answer objections, even though the audience has not had time to oppose | ||
| moral appeal text's authority established by characterization of the speaker or a code of ethics shared with the audience | ||
| specialized vocabulary of a particular group | ||
| emotional appeal appeal of text to emotions or interests of audience | ||
| logical appeal | ||
| dialouge where a character speaks aloud to him/herself | ||
| when a speaker or writer fails to effectively address the question at hand |
