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| 3377055591 | B cell activation | Occurs after Ag binds to membrane Ig on B cells | 0 | |
| 3377091755 | Ag binding causes | non dividing cells to enter the cell cycle and expand, as opposed to a mitogen | 1 | |
| 3377101385 | What is a Mitogen? | Any substance that nonspecfically induces DNA synthesis and cell division(i.e., LPS, con A, pokeweed mitogen) | 2 | |
| 3377116958 | Ag binds to cells with varying degrees | and can result in a greater or lesser expansion of cells | 3 | |
| 3377121034 | Things that affects humoral response | Types of cytokines produced | 4 | |
| 3377123233 | Types of cytokines produced | Effects on B-cells == class switching | 5 | |
| 3377142090 | Stimulation of subclasses of T with different effect on B cells | •TH1 cells (cell mediated responses) - Secrete IL-2 and IFNγ • TH2 cells (humoral mediated responses) - Secrete IL-4, 5, 10, and 13 • TH17 cells (cell mediated responses) - Inflammatory responses (attract PMNs) - Secrete IL-17, 12, 23 • TFH cells (humoral mediated responses) - Secrete IL-6 and IL-21 • TH9 and TH22 cells - Not well characterized - May be functional variants of another subclass | 6 | |
| 3377157230 | T cell subsets |  | 7 | |
| 3377176439 | Things that affects humoral response | Site of Ag exposure - spleen, lymph nodes - multiple isotypes - orally - IgA | 8 | |
| 3377193163 | Activates of T cells - Rapid and larger secondary response | 9 | ||
| 3377201562 | Negative regulation of B cells -CD22 -Activated when Ag binding to B cell decreases - Bears immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif(ITIM) sequences -FcgammaRIIb - ITIM sequences - Binds immune complexes | 10 | ||
| 3377276501 | 2 Different routes of Ag responses | Thymus-dependent (TD) Ag - An Ag that is dependent on Th cells in order to induce humoral response - Most all proteins, pathogens, etc | 11 | |
| 3377296313 | 2 Different routes of Ag responses | Thymus-independent(TI) Ag - An Ag that does not require the presence of Th cells to induce humoral response - Cannot be processed and presented - May crosslink membrane Ig leading to activation without T cells - Most are polyclonal B cell activators(mitogens) like LPS - Mediated by marginal zone(mx) B cells | 12 | |
| 3377315353 | Thymus independent antigens | There is polysaccharide covering the B cell receptor(sIg) | 13 | |
| 3377341720 | Thymus dependent vs. Thymus independent responses | 14 | ||
| 3377373279 | Biochemical effects of Ag on B cells | - Ag interaction with membrane Ig results in cross-linking of receptors(clustering) - Results in a series of intracellular second messengers | 15 | |
| 3377427196 | B cell receptors (BcR) | mlg associated with = Igalpha & igbeta -Required for expression of mlgM and D - Igalpha and Igbeta link receptor to tyrosine kinases -- Their cytoplasmic domain has ITAM motifs - IgAlpha and IgBeta are similar to CD3 and the ? protein of TCR -- Significant sequence homology -- Ig supergene family members | 16 | |
| 3377464831 | B cell receptors (BcR) | Other associated molecules - CD22 - CD 19/CD21(Complement Receptor 2(CR2)) -- Binds C3d on immune complexes -- C3d often coats Ag - CD81 -- Adhesion molecule | 17 | |
| 3377479383 | B cell receptor structure | 18 | ||
| 3377502663 | Singnal Transduction by an activated BcR | 19 | ||
| 3378399330 | Biochemical effects of Ag on B cells | Within minutes > Activation of tyrosine kinases, phosphorylation of phospholipase C, activation of transcription factors Within hours > B cell size (membrane spreading) > Resting > G1 stage cell cycle > Increased level of class II MHC molecules > Increased processing and presentation of Ag > Increased expression of receptors for Th cell cytokines | 20 | |
| 3378427560 | Some of the signaling pathways following BcR Activation | 21 | ||
| 3378429643 | Th cell/B cell conjugates | >large surface area contacts(membrane spreading) >Reorientation of the Golgi apparatus in Th - directed release of cytokines | 22 | |
| 3378436957 | Th cell/B cell conjugates | > Redistribution of TcR, CD4 and LFA-1 > Expression of CD40L on T cells - interaction with CD40 on B cells, essential for B cell activation > Other cell surface molecules - B7 -CD28 = activation of Th cell - CD72 - CD5 = Activation of B cell | 23 | |
| 3378450399 | Transmission Electron Micrograph Of Contact Between T and B Cells | 24 | ||
| 3378454818 | Contact between cells: Synapse | 25 | ||
| 3378457028 | B cell T cell interaction |  | 26 | |
| 3380805295 | Activity in the lymphoid system | -Ag or Ag-Ab complexes enter lymph node, lymph node can trap >90% of any Ag carried in - Ag interacts with dendritic cells and macrophages - B and T cells are activated in the paracortex, (the region rich in dendritic cells, macrophages, and T cells) - Activated B and T cells migrate to primary follicles in the cortex, rich in B cells - Primary follicle develops into a germinal center with generation of memory B cells | 27 | |
| 3380812690 | Schematic Diagram of a Lymph Node |  | 28 |
