Biology Test May
Terms : Hide Images
| 800129516 | Prokaryotes | single chromosome, plasmid DNA, no nuclear membrane, divides by fission | |
| 800129517 | Eukaryotes | many chromosomes, has nuclear membrane, divides by mitosis | |
| 800129518 | Kingdoms | Archaebacteria, Eubacteria (Monera), Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia | |
| 800129519 | Bacteria Cell | Has: cell membrane, cell wall, chlorophyll (sometimes) Doesn't Have: nucleus, chloroplasts, organelles, centrioles | |
| 800129520 | Plant Cell | Has: cell membrane, cell wall, nucleus, chloroplasts, chlorophyll, organelles Doesn't Have: centrioles | |
| 800129521 | Animal Cell | Has: cell membrane, nucleus, organelles, centrioles Doesn't Have: cell wall, chloroplasts, chlorophyll | |
| 800129522 | Binary Fission | how bacteria divides, asexual, occurs whenever sufficient food and warmth is present | |
| 800129523 | Binary Fission Steps | 1. cell elongates 2. DNA replicates 3. cell wall and membrane start to divide 4. cell divides | |
| 800129524 | Conjugation | sexual, a "sex pilus" develops between 2 bacteria through which DNA can be exchanged, rare | |
| 800129525 | Sporulation Steps | 1. bacteria pinches off a copy of is DNA 2. develops a wall or "septum" around it 3. outer coat forms around spore 4. cell lysis (breakdown) and release of spore 5. spore encloses and protects genetic information | |
| 800129526 | Bacteria | first organisms on this planet, split into two kingdoms: archaebacteria, eubacteria | |
| 800129527 | Archaebacteria | can live in harsh environments, have chemically different RNA and cell membrane lipid composition compared to other bacteria 3 major groups: methanogens, extreme thermophiles, extreme halophiles | |
| 800129528 | Eubacteria | the majority of bacterial species, the most numerous organisms on the planet surrounded by a cell wall, can move with flagella, secrete slimy capsule | |
| 800129529 | Eubacteria Cell Wall | composed of peptidoglucan provides the cell wall with shape and rigidity | |
| 800129530 | Pili | enable bacteria to adhere to surfaces | |
| 800129531 | Capsule | secreted by eubacteria used for attachment and protection from water loss | |
| 800129532 | Coccus | spherical shape | |
| 800129533 | Diplo | occurs in pairs | |
| 800129534 | Strepto | occurs in chains | |
| 800129535 | Staphylo | occurs in clusters | |
| 800129536 | Sarcina | occurs in cubes | |
| 800129537 | Bacillus | rod shaped | |
| 800129538 | Spirillum | spiral shaped | |
| 800129539 | Classification/Naming of Bacteria | shape cell wall structure (gram staining) nutrition (photosynthetic, etc) growth conditions (obligate aerobes, etc) reproduction (asexual or sexual) | |
| 800129540 | Gram Staining | Positive: thick protein layer on cell wall, stain purple Negative: thin protein layer on cell wall, stain pink | |
| 800129541 | Protista | most are unicellular and microscopic all are eukaryotic (have membranous organelles) made up of three distinct groups: plant-like, animal-like, fungi-like | |
| 800129542 | Plant-Like Protists | ex. phytoplankton autotrophic (do photosynthesis) includes algae, diatoms, dinoflagellates and euglena found in marine and freshwater important: serve as primary producers, used to make cosmetics and drugs | |
| 800129543 | Dinoflagellates | are responsible for "red tides" | |
| 800129544 | Animal-Like Protists | ex. protozoa heterotrophic moist habitats, including the blood stream includes amoeba, paramecium, etc | |
| 800129545 | Trypanosoma Bruce | (animal-like protist) causes African sleeping sickness, spread by the Tse Tse fly | |
| 800129546 | Giardia Lamblia | (animal-like protist) causes traveller's diarrhea, or "beaver fever" | |
| 800129547 | Plasmodium Vivax | (animal-like protist) causes malaria, spread by anopheles mosquito | |
| 800129548 | Fungi-Like Protists | ex. slime moulds difficult to classify because they resemble protists, fungi and plants don't always remain as single celled organisms, but may converge into a large slimy plasmodium | |
| 800129549 | Obligate Aerobe | bacteria that require oxygen for respiration | |
| 800129550 | Obligate Anaerobe | bacteria that conduct respiration processes in the absence of oxygen | |
| 800129551 | Facultative Anaerobe | bacteria that prefer environments with oxygen, but can live without it | |
| 800129552 | Saprophyte | organisms that obtain nutrients from dead to nonliving organic matter | |
| 800129553 | Chemosynthetic Bacteria | uses chemical reactions instead of sunlight to obtain energy | |
| 800129554 | Endospore | dormant cells of bacilli bacteria that stay dormant until better conditions are present, when they are these cells become active again | |
| 800129555 | Transduction | moving foreign DNA into another cell | |
| 800129556 | Beneficial Actions of Bacteria | production of vinegar, food digestion, synthesizing of vitamins, production of lactic acid | |
| 800129557 | Antibiotic | chemicals produced synthetically or by micro-organisms that inhibit the growth of or destroy certain other micro-organisms | |
| 800129558 | R Factor | resistance factors are plasmids with special genes that code for enzymes that inactivate specific drugs | |
| 800129559 | virus isn't living or made of cells | How to distinguish between a protist and a virus? | |
| 800129560 | protist have nucleus, bacteria are smaller | How to distinguish between a protist and a bacteria? | |
| 800129561 | Mycoplasmas | (bacteria) smallest alive organisms, the link between the virus and bacteria | |
| 800129562 | Sporozite Step | (protist) injected into the blood stream and attacks red blood cells, asexual | |
| 800129563 | Trophozoite Step | (protist) active growth stage of organism | |
| 800129564 | Merozoite Step | (protist) multi-nucleated phase and uninucleated the organisms reproduce asexually and attack more red blood cells |
