Terms from the chap. 17 study guide
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| 834817686 | Proclamation of Amnesty | Policy passed by Lincoln that offered presidential pardon to southern whites who took an oath of allegiance to the United States and accepted the abolition of slavery. | 0 | |
| 834817687 | Abraham Lincoln | Proposed the Proclamation of Amnesty and the 10% plan | 1 | |
| 834817688 | 10% plan | Plan proposed by Lincoln where when the number of the white males 21 and over in a southern state took an oath of allegiance and accepted the abolition of slavery equaled 10% of the number of voters in 1860, that nucleus could reestablish a state gov't to which Lincoln promised presidential recognition. | 2 | |
| 834817689 | Benjamin Wade | Helped create the Wade-Davis bill with Davis. This bill did not enfranchise blacks, but did impose such stringent loyalty requirements on southern whites that few of them could take the required oath. Lincoln therefore vetoed it. | 3 | |
| 834817690 | Henry Winter Davis | Helped create the Wade-Davis bill with Wade. This bill did not enfranchise blacks, but did impose such stringent loyalty requirements on southern whites that few of them could take the required oath. Lincoln therefore vetoed it. | 4 | |
| 834817691 | Union Party | The name Republicans adopted in the 1864 election to attract the votes of War Democrats and border state Unionists who couldn't bring themselves to vote Republican. | 5 | |
| 834817692 | Andrew Johnson | Lincoln's running mate and Vice President who became president when Lincoln was assassinated. Was from Tennessee, and still thought of himself as primarily a Democrat and a southerner. | 6 | |
| 834817693 | Frederick Douglass | Led a group of black men in a tense confrontation with Andrew Johnson | 7 | |
| 834817694 | 13th Amendment | Many of the Southern states balked at ratifying this | 8 | |
| 834817695 | Presidential Pardons | Johnson issued many of these to ex-Confederates, restoring all their property and political rights. | 9 | |
| 834817696 | Alexander Stephens | The former Confederate vice president, and a newly elected member to Congress after being pardoned by Johnson. | 10 | |
| 834817697 | Black codes | Laws limiting African American people's rights, like excluding them from juries and the ballot box, forbidding them to testify against whites in court, and punishing them more severely than whites for crimes. | 11 | |
| 834817698 | Freedmen's Bureau | Created in Congress in March 1865. Became the principal agency for overseeing relations between former slaves and owners. Was staffed by army offices and established posts throughout the South to supervise free-labor wage contracts between landowners and freedpeople. Also issued food rations to 150,000 people daily during 1865, 1/3 of them whites. | 12 | |
| 834817699 | "40 Acres and a mule" | It was said that after the war freed blacks would receive 40 acres each of land Sherman had set aside during his march to the sea and a mule turned over from the army's surplus supplies. However, Johnson's pardons of ex-Confederates restored most of the land set aside by Sherman to its former owners and the freed blacks received no land. | 13 | |
| 834839930 | Veto | Johnson vetoed two laws to protect the economic and civil rights of freedpeople. | 14 | |
| 834839931 | 14th Amendment | An amendment that encouraged southern states to enfranchise blacks but didn't require them to do so. Section 1 defined all native born or naturalized people, including blacks, as US citizens and prohibited the states from denying them their rights. Section 2 gave states the option to enfranchise black males or lose a proportionate amount of congressional seats and electoral votes. Section 3 disqualified a significant amount of ex-Confederates from holding federal or state office. Section 4 guaranteed the National debt and repudiated the Confederate debt. Section 5 empowered Congress to enforce the amendment by "appropriate legislation." | 15 | |
| 834839932 | National Union Party | Party Johnson created at the election of 1866 made up of a few conservative Republicans, some border state Unionists, and Democrats. | 16 | |
| 834839933 | Race Riots | The race riots in New Orleans and Memphis further damaged the National Union party | 17 | |
| 834839934 | Reconstruction Acts of 1867 | Divided the 10 southern states into five military districts, directed army officers to register voters of the election of delegates to new constitutional conventions, and enfranchised males 21 and over, including blacks, to vote in these elections. When a state had adopted a new constitution granting equal rights regardless of race and ratified the 14th Amendment, it would be declared reconstructed and its newly elected Congressmen would be seated. | 18 | |
| 834839935 | Scalawags | Southern white Republicans | 19 | |
| 834839936 | Carpetbaggers | Northern settlers in the south | 20 | |
| 834839937 | Edwin M. Stanton | Secretary of War who had administered the War Department in support of the congressional Reconstruction policy. Removed from office by Johnson. | 21 | |
| 834839938 | Tenure of Office Act | Required senate consent for removals like the removal of Edwin M. Stanton | 22 | |
| 834839939 | Universal male suffrage | New southern state constitutions included this. | 23 | |
| 834839940 | Ku Klux Klan | A night riding white terrorist organization that made its first appearance at the election. | 24 | |
| 834839941 | 15th Amendment | Prohibited states from denying the right to vote on grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. | 25 | |
| 834839942 | Election of 1868 | Election that was a referendum on the reconstruction policy of the Republicans. The candidates were Ulysses S. Grant (Republican) and Horatio Seymour (Democrat). Grant won. | 26 | |
| 834839943 | Ulysses S. Grant | Winner of the Presidential election of 1868 | 27 | |
| 834839944 | Horatio Seymour | Democratic candidate for the election of 1868. | 28 | |
| 834839945 | Frank Blair | Vice Presidential candidate from MO who said the only way to restore the government is for the President to declare the Reconstruction acts null and void. | 29 | |
| 834839946 | Whiskey Ring | A network of distillers and revenue agents that deprived the gov't of millions of tax dollars | 30 | |
| 834839947 | Credit Mobilier | Several congressmen had accepted stock in this, a construction company for the Union Pacific railroad, which received loans and land grants from the gov't, thereby permitting financial manipulations by the company. | 31 | |
| 834839948 | "Boss" Tweed | Man from NYC who may have stolen more money from taxpayers than all the federal agencies combined. | 32 | |
| 834839949 | The Gilded Age | The name of this time period, given to it by the 1873 novel "The Gilded Age" by Mark Twain and Charles Dudley Warner. | 33 | |
| 834839950 | Spoils system | System in which you give your friends jobs, despite their skill level in the job. Started by Andrew Jackson when he was president. | 34 | |
| 834839951 | Pendleton Act | Established the modern structure of civil service and put an end to the spoils system. | 35 | |
| 834839952 | Santo Domingo | The irregular procedures by which Grant's private secretary had negotiated a treaty to annex this territory alienated leading Republican senators and added to Grant's woes. | 36 | |
| 834839953 | Hamilton Fish | The secretary of state who successfully negotiated the Treaty of Washington in 1871 to settle the vexing "Alabama Claims." | 37 | |
| 834839954 | British North America Act | Passed by Parliament in 1867 and united most of the Canadian colonies into a new and largely self-governing Dominion of Canada. | 38 | |
| 834839955 | Negro Rule | The theme of this was a staple in Democratic propaganda and was enshrined in folk memory and textbooks. | 39 | |
| 834839956 | Colfax Massacre | A clash between black militia and armed whites in LA left three whites and nearly 100 blacks dead. | 40 | |
| 834839957 | Election of 1872 | Election in which Grant was the Republican candidate. Horace Greeley was originally the candidate for the Liberal Republicans, but the Democrats endorsed him as well. Grant won, carrying every northern state and 10 of the 16 southern and border states. | 41 | |
| 834839958 | Horace Greeley | Democratic/ Liberal Republican candidate for the election of 1872. Urged his fellow northerners to put the issued of the Civil War behind them. He lost. | 42 | |
| 834839959 | Promontory Point | Place in the Utah territory where a golden spike was driven, linking the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads. | 43 | |
| 834839960 | Jay Cooke | Had a banking firm that took over the Northern Pacific in 1869. Pyramided every kind of equity and loan financing to begin laying rails on the Northern Pacific railroad. The pyramid of paper collapsed in Sep. 1873 and his firm was the first to go bankrupt, causing hundreds of banks and businesses to collapse as well. | 44 | |
| 834922655 | White Leagues | A Louisiana white Democratic paramilitary organization that operated openly and fought pitched battles with Republican militias in which scores were killed. | 45 | |
| 834922656 | Mississippi Plan | Plan devised by the Democrats in MS during the election of 1875. The first step was to "persuade" the 10-15% of white voters still calling themselves Republicans to switch to Democrats. The second step was to intimidate black voters into not voting. | 46 | |
| 834922657 | Adelbert Ames | Governor of MS who called for federal troops to calm the violence between Democratic rifle clubs and Republicans. | 47 | |
| 834922658 | US vs. Cruikshank | Court cases in which the Court ruled that the 14th and 15th amendments apply to actions by the state and that the portion of these laws that empowered the federal gov't to prosecute individuals was unconstitutional. | 48 | |
| 834922659 | US vs. Reese | Court cases in which the Court ruled that the 14th and 15th amendments apply to actions by the state and that the portion of these laws that empowered the federal gov't to prosecute individuals was unconstitutional. | 49 | |
| 834922660 | Civil Rights Cases | Court cases in which the Court declared unconstitutional a civil rights law passed by Congress in 1875. The law banned racial discrimination in all form of public transportation and public accommodations. | 50 | |
| 834922661 | Election of 1876 | Presidential election where reform was the leading issue. Samuel J. Tilden was the Democratic candidate, Rutherford B. Hayes was the Republican candidate. This election was the introduction of bulldozing, and because of three disputed states, Hayes won. | 51 | |
| 834922662 | Samuel J. Tilden | The Democratic candidate for the Election of 1876. | 52 | |
| 834922663 | Bulldozing | To trample black voters down and keep them away from the polls. | 53 | |
| 834922664 | Hamburg Massacre | The most notorious bulldozing incident, where a battle between a black militia and 200 Red Shirts resulted in the capture of several militiamen, five of whom were shot. Grant did send in federal troops this time. | 54 | |
| 834922665 | Special electoral commission | Congress created this with five representatives, five senators, and five Supreme Court Justices to decide who won the election of 1876. | 55 | |
| 834922666 | Filibuster | The Democrats cried foul after Hayes was elected president and started this in the House to delay the final electoral count beyond the inauguration date of March 4. | 56 | |
| 834922667 | Bayonet Rule | Hayes signaled his intention to end this | 57 | |
| 834922668 | Compromise of 1877 | Hayes promised his support as president for federal appropriations to rebuild war destroyed levees and federal aid for a southern transcontinental railroad. He also hinted at the appointment of a southern postmaster general and signaled his intention to end bayonet rule. In return for his commitment to withdraw the troops, he asked for promises of fair treatment for freedpeople and respect for their constitutional rights. | 58 |
