SO. MANY. TERMS
Terms : Hide Images
| 269804387 | Henry Comstock | his silver lode, discovered in 1858 on the Carson River, sent 10,000 miners to Nevada | |
| 269804388 | ghost town | a deserted town (especially in Western United States) | |
| 269804389 | vigilance committees | self-appointed lawenforcers; volunuteers allowed to track down wrongdoers | |
| 269804390 | Texas longhorn | Hardy breed of cattle raised by ranchers throughout western Texas. | |
| 269804391 | open range | A vast area of grassland owned by the government where ranchers could graze their herds for free | |
| 269804392 | Chisholm Trail | a wagon trail founded in the late 1860s to haul goods from wagons between Texas and the Kansas Pacific Railroad. by 1872, more than 1 million cattle had walked the road | |
| 269804393 | The Long Drive | A giant trek in which cowboys herded longhorn cattle from Texas towards northern railroads in order to be traded | |
| 269804394 | Great Plains | a mostly flat and grassy region of western north america | |
| 269804395 | Homestead Act | Passed in 1862, it gave 160 acres of public land to any settler who would farm the land for five years. | |
| 269804396 | dry farming | a way of farming dry land in which seeds are planted deep in ground where there is some moisture | |
| 269804397 | commercial farming | the raising of crops and livestock for sale in markets | |
| 269804398 | Wheat Bel | in the 1880s many wheat farmers moved from Minnesota and other midwest states to the Great Plains to take advantage of the inexpensive land | |
| 269804399 | nomads | people with no permanent home; move from place to place in search of food, | |
| 269804400 | annuities | income from capital investment paid in a series of regular payments | |
| 269804401 | Dakota Sioux uprising | reservation that got a yearly payment and got tricked by american traders | |
| 269804402 | Little Crow | He led the Dakota in The Great Sioux Uprising in Minnesota, 1862. | |
| 269804403 | Red Cloud | leader of the Oglala who resisted the development of a trail through Wyoming and Montana by the United States government (1822-1909) | |
| 269804404 | Crazy Horse | A chief of the Sioux who resisted the invasion of the Black Hills and joined Sitting Bull in the defeat of General Custer at Little Bighorn | |
| 269804405 | Sitting Bull | Sioux chief who led the attack on Custer at the Battle of the Little Bighorn | |
| 269804406 | Fetterman's Massacre | sioux war party tried to block construction of the bozeman trail sioux vs. fetterman's command indian triumph | |
| 269804407 | Sand Creel Massacre | US army persuaded Cheyenne to stop raiding farms and return to CO reservation; army troops attacked indians and burned camp; congress condmened actions and didn't punish the commander | |
| 269804408 | John Chivington | led Us soldiers to Sand Creek where the troops massacred over 100 cheyenne natives | |
| 269804409 | Black Kettle | leader of the Cheyenne who were massascred at Sand Creek | |
| 269804410 | Indian Peace Commission | Proposed creating 2 large reservations on the Plains, one for the Sioux & another for the Plains Indians | |
| 269804411 | George A. Custer | u.s general commanded his army at battle of little big horn. he was killed | |
| 269804412 | Gold Rush | a period from1848 to 1856 when thousands of people came to California in order to search for gold. | |
| 269804413 | American Bison | destroyed by U.S. army. only 500,000 exist today and 7,000 of them are purebread. used by indians for many things. | |
| 269804414 | Chief Joseph | Leader of Nez Perce. Fled with his tribe to Canada instead of reservations. However, US troops came and fought and brought them back down to reservations | |
| 269804415 | Nez Perce | Native American Tribe that will flee capture from U.S. Troops, who almost make it to Canada. | |
| 269804416 | Wounded Knee | village in South Dakota. In 1890 it was the site of a massacre of Native North Americans in which between 150 and 370 Sioux people were killed, most of them unarmed. | |
| 269804417 | Ghost Dance | a religious dance of native Americans looking for communication with the dead | |
| 269804418 | assimilation | the process of assimilating new ideas into an existing cognitive structure | |
| 269804419 | Helen Hunt Jackson | United States writer of romantic novels about the unjust treatment of Native Americans (1830-1885) | |
| 269804420 | Dawes Act | An act that removed Indian land from tribal possesion, redivided it, and distributed it among individual Indian families. Designed to break tribal mentalities and promote individualism. | |
| 269804421 | gross national product | The total value of goods and services, including income received from abroad, produced by the residents of a country within a specific time period, usually one year. | |
| 269804422 | Edwin Drake | American pioneer in oil industry; became first to drill for petroleum | |
| 269804423 | laissez-faire | the doctrine that government should not interfere in commercial affairs | |
| 269804424 | entrepreneurs | individuals who start new businesses, introduce new products, and improve management techniques | |
| 269804425 | Morrill Tariff | imports and excise taxes place on manufactures and the practice of nearly every profession in order to help fund the civil war | |
| 269804426 | Alexander Graham Bell | United States inventor (born in Scotland) of the telephone (1847-1922) | |
| 269804427 | Thomas A. Edison | One of the most prolific inventors in U.S. history. He invented the phonograph, light bulb, electric battery, mimeograph and moving picture. | |
| 269804428 | Gustavus Swift | In the 1800s he enlarged fresh meat markets through branch slaughterhouses and refrigeration. He monopolized the meat industry. | |
| 269804429 | Pacific Railway Act | 1862 legislation to encourage the construction of a transcontinental railroad, connecting the West to industries in the Northeast (Union Pacific and Central Pacific RR) | |
| 269804430 | Grenville dodge | an engineer who directed Union Pacific's construction of the railroads out West | |
| 269804431 | Leland Stanford | American financier of the Central Pacific Railroad (built 1863-1869) and founder of Stanford University (1885). | |
| 269804432 | Cornelius Vanderbilt | United States financier who accumulated great wealth from railroad and shipping businesses (1794-1877) | |
| 269804433 | time zones | any of the 24 regions of the globe (loosely divided by longitude) throughout which the same standard time is used | |
| 269804434 | land grants | land subsidies granted to railroad companies to encourage construction of rail lines to the West | |
| 269804435 | Jay Gould | United States financier who gained control of the Erie Canal and who caused a financial panic in 1869 when he attempted to corner the gold market (1836-1892) | |
| 269804436 | Robber Barons | a negative term for business leaders that implied they built their fortunes by stealing from the public | |
| 269804437 | Credit Mobilier | Scandalous company created by Union Pacific Railroad insiders, it distributed shares of its stock to Congressmen to avoid detection | |
| 269804438 | James J. Hill | driving force of the Gr. Northern Railway , Became a Shipping Agent For Winnipeg Merchants Nicknamed the "Empire Builder" | |
| 269804439 | stockholders | A group of people that make up a corporation by sharing ownership in a certain company | |
| 269804440 | stock | a certificate documenting the shareholder's ownership in the corporation | |
| 269804441 | economies of scale | factors that cause a producer's average cost per unit to fall as output rises | |
| 269804442 | operating costs | costs that occur while running a company | |
| 269804443 | fixed costs | a periodic charge that does not vary with business volume (as insurance or rent or mortgage payments etc.) | |
| 269804444 | Andrew Carnegie | United States industrialist and philanthropist who endowed education and public libraries and research trusts (1835-1919) | |
| 269804445 | Bessemer process | an industrial process for making steel using a Bessemer converter to blast air through through molten iron and thus burning the excess carbon and impurities | |
| 269804446 | vertical integration | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in all aspects of a product's manufacture from raw materials to distribution | |
| 269804447 | horizontal integration | absorption into a single firm of several firms involved in the same level of production and sharing resources at that level | |
| 269804448 | trusts | Firms or corporations that combine for the purpose of reducing competition and controlling prices (establishing a monopoly). There are anti-trust laws to prevent these monopolies. | |
| 269804449 | Standard Oil | Established in 1870, it was a integrated multinational oil corporation lead by Rockefeller | |
| 269804450 | John Rockefeller | Was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. | |
| 269804451 | holding company | a company with controlling shares in other companies | |
| 269804452 | John Wannamaker | Owner of a department store in Philadelphia. | |
| 269804453 | Sears and Roebuck | Catalog that opens in in 1887, reaches 300,000 people, features bonnets bicycles, houses, in 1913, 26 million catalogs, 40K orders/day --There is no one technological development that enables sears, rather a series of developments some technological, some political, some organizational | |
| 269804454 | Montgomery Ward | United States businessman who in 1872 established a successful mail-order business (1843-1913) | |
| 269804455 | craft workers | skilled laborers such as a carpenter or mechanist | |
| 269804456 | trade unions | organizations of workers with the same trade or skill | |
| 269804457 | industrial unions | labor organizations of unskilled and semiskilled workers in mass-production industries such as automobiles and mining | |
| 269804458 | blacklist | a list of people who are out of favor | |
| 269804459 | lockout | a management action resisting employee's demands | |
| 269804460 | Marxism | the economic and political theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels that hold that human actions and institutions are economically determined and that class struggle is needed to create historical change and that capitalism will untimately be superseded | |
| 269804461 | socialist society | society based on the principle of what you can do, in a collective way (w/o stratification, but with inequalities) | |
| 269804462 | William Sylvis | Leader of the National Labor Union; which was the first national labor federation in the United States, lead to Knights of Labor | |
| 269804463 | Great railroad strike of 1877 | Strike where railway workers had 10% of their wages cut, in the midst of a depression, and refused to work. President Rutherford B. Hayes sent in federal troops and forced employees to begin working again. | |
| 269804464 | Knights of labor | 1st effort to create National union. Open to everyone but lawyers and bankers. Vague program, no clear goals, weak leadership and organization. Failed | |
| 269804465 | arbitration | the act of deciding as an arbiter | |
| 269804466 | Haymarket Riot | 100,000 workers rioted in Chicago. After the police fired into the crowd, the workers met and rallied in Haymarket Square to protest police brutality. A bomb exploded, killing or injuring many of the police. The Chicago workers and the man who set the bomb were immigrants, so the incident promoted anti-immigrant feelings. | |
| 269804467 | Pullman Strike | in Chicago, Pullman cut wages but refused to lower rents in the "company town", Eugene Debs had American Railway Union refuse to use Pullman cars, Debs thrown in jail after being sued, strike achieved nothing | |
| 269804468 | Eugene V. Debs | Leader of the American Railway Union, he voted to aid workers in the Pullman strike. He was jailed for six months for disobeying a court order after the strike was over. | |
| 269804469 | AFL | a federation of North American labor unions that merged with the Congress of Industrial Organizations in 1955 | |
| 269804470 | Samuel Gompers | United States labor leader (born in England) who was president of the American Federation of Labor from 1886 to 1924 (1850-1924) | |
| 269804471 | closed shop | a company that hires only union members | |
| 269804472 | collective bargaining | negotiation between an employer and trade union | |
| 269804473 | Women's Trade Union League | a U.S. organization of both working class and more well-off women formed in 1903 to support the efforts of women to organize labor unions and to eliminate sweatshop conditions | |
| 269804474 | Mary O'Sullivan | woman general labor organizer of American Federation of Labor | |
| 269804475 | Leonora O'Reilly | "Women, real women, anywhere and everywhere are what we must nourish and cherish." | |
| 269804476 | Push Factor | factor, such as unemployment or the lack of freedom of speech, that makes people want to leave their country and move to another one | |
| 269804477 | Pull Factor | factor such as freedom or employment opportunities that attract a person to a country | |
| 269804478 | Steerage | the cheapest accommodations on a passenger ship | |
| 269804479 | Ellis Island | an island in New York Bay that was formerly the principal immigration station for the United States | |
| 269804480 | Jacob Riis | A Danish immigrant, he became a reporter who pointed out the terrible conditions of the tenement houses of the big cities where immigrants lived during the late 1800s. He wrote How The Other Half Lives in 1890. | |
| 269804481 | Nativism | a policy of favoring native-born individuals over foreign-born ones | |
| 269804482 | Angel island | The immigration station on the west coast where Asian immigrants, mostly Chinese gained admission to the U.S. at San Francisco Bay. Between 1910 and 1940 50k Chinese immigrants entered through Angel Island. Questioning and conditions at Angel Island were much harsher than Ellis Island in New York. | |
| 269804483 | American Protective Association | An organization created by nativists in 1887 that campaigned for laws to restrict immigration | |
| 269804484 | Workingman's party of California | organized by Denis Kearney, an Irish immigrant, in the 1870s to fight Chinese immigration. The party won seats in California's legislature and made opposition to Chinese immigration a national issue | |
| 269804485 | Chinese Exclusion Act | (1882) Denied any additional Chinese laborers to enter the country while allowing students and merchants to immigrate. | |
| 269804486 | Urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | |
| 269804487 | Louise Sullivan | first great modern architect known for the skyscraper | |
| 269804488 | Mass Transit | Transportation system designed to move large numbers of people along fixed routes | |
| 269804489 | Frank J. Sprague | Engineer. Developed the 1st electric trolley car. Efficient mover of people in cities. | |
| 269804490 | High Society | richest members of society lived in center of city in a fuedal castle, a manor a tuscan vila or a french cheateau | |
| 269804491 | Working Class | a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages | |
| 269804492 | Tenements | a rundown apartment house barely meeting minimal standards | |
| 269804493 | How the Other Half Lives | a book by John Riis that told the public about the lives of the immigrants and those who live in the tenements | |
| 269804494 | Political Machine | a group that controls the activities of a political party | |
| 269804495 | Party Boss | a leader in a political party who controls votes and dictates appointments | |
| 269804496 | Goerge Plunkitt | Irish immigrant who rose to become one of New York's most powerful party bosses | |
| 269804497 | Graft | The illegal use of political influence for personal gain | |
| 269804498 | Fraud | intentional deception resulting in injury to another person | |
| 269804499 | Tammany Hall | a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism | |
| 269804500 | Boss Tweed | Leader of the Democratic Tammany Hall, New York political machine | |
| 269804501 | Gilded Age | 1870s - 1890s; time period looked good on the outside, despite the corrupt politics & growing gap between the rich & poor | |
| 269804502 | MARK TWAIN | United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910) | |
| 269804503 | INDIVIDUALISM | a belief in the importance of the individual and the virtue of self-reliance and personal independence | |
| 269804504 | HORATIO ALGER | United States author of inspirational adventure stories for boys | |
| 269804505 | HERBERT SPENCER | English philosopher and sociologist who applied the theory of natural selection to human societies (1820-1903) | |
| 269804506 | WILLIAM SUMNER | He was an advocate of Social Darwinism claiming that the rich were a result of natural selection and benefits society. He, like many others promoted the belief of Social Darwinism which justified the rich being rich, and poor being poor. | |
| 269804507 | GOSPEL OF WEALTH | This was a book written by Carnegie that described the responsibility of the rich to be philanthropists. This softened the harshness of Social Darwinism as well as promoted the idea of philanthropy. | |
| 269804508 | PHILANTHROPY | love of humanity, especially as shown in donations to charitable and socially useful causes | |
| 269804509 | THOMAS EAKINS | Specialized in painting the everyday lifes of working-class men and women and used the new technology of serial-actions photographs to study human anatomy and paint it more realistically. | |
| 269804510 | WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS | wrote The Rise of Silas Lapham, and other works, in which he described what he considered the shallowness and corruption in ordinary American lifestyles. | |
| 269804511 | HENRY JAMES | American writer who lived in England. Wrote numerous novels around the theme of the conflict between American innocence and European sophistication/corruption, with an emphasis on the psychological motivations of the characters. Famous for his novel Washington Square and his short story "The Turn of the Screw." | |
| 269804512 | EDITH WHARTON | United States novelist (1862-1937), won the Pulitzer Prize for the novel the age of innocence | |
| 269804513 | SALOON | a room or establishment where alcoholic drinks are served over a counter | |
| 269804514 | CONEY ISLAND | created as a way for working-class people to temporarily escape the hardships of the working, Coney Island became an amusement park with rides and attractions that contrasted the grim realities many were living. Significiance: shows how grim the lives of working class citizens were that they need such an elaborate amusement built to take their minds off their troubles | |
| 269804515 | BLACK AND TANS | special police force that terrorized the Irish population that supported the Irish Republicans. Kept in Ireland by the British gov. | |
| 269804516 | VAUDEVILLE | stage entertainment made up of various acts, such as dancing, singing, comedy, and magic shows | |
| 269804517 | RAGTIME | music with a syncopated melody (usually for the piano) | |
| 269804518 | SCOTT JOPLIN | United States composer who was the first creator of ragtime to write down his compositions (1868-1917) | |
| 269804519 | HENRY GEORGE | He wrote Progress and Poverty in 1879, which made him famous as an opponent of the evils of modern capitalism. | |
| 269804520 | PROGRESS AND POVERTY | Written by Henry George, critical of entreprenuers, after studying poverty in America, determined that rich didn't pay fair share of taxes and proposed "Single Tax" on incremental value of land | |
| 269804521 | LESTER FRANK WARD | Sociologist who attacked social Darwinism in his book, Dynamic Sociology. | |
| 269804522 | EDWARD BELLAMY | In 1888, he wrote Looking Backward, 2000-1887, a description of a utopian society in the year 2000. | |
| 269804523 | NATURALISM | (philosophy) the doctrine that the world can be understood in scientific terms without recourse to spiritual or supernatural explanations | |
| 269804524 | SOCIAL GOSPEL | Movement led by Washington Gladden - taught religion and human dignity would help the middle class over come problems of industrialization | |
| 269804525 | WASHINGTON GLADDEN | Congregationalist minister who followed the social gospel and supported social reform. A prolific writer whose newspaper cloumns and many books made him a national leader of the Social gospel movement. | |
| 269804526 | WALTER RAUSCHENBUSCH | New York clergyman who preached the social gospel, worked to alleviate poverty, and worked to make peace between employers and labor unions. | |
| 269804527 | SALVATION ARMY | a charitable and religious organization to evangelize and to care for the poor and homeless | |
| 269804528 | YMCA | Spiritual organization meant to provide healthy activities for young workers in the cities | |
| 269804529 | DWIGHT L. MOODY | Americas most famous evangelist during the 19th century | |
| 269804530 | JANE ADDAMS | the founder of Hull House, which provided English lessons for immigrants, daycares, and child care classes | |
| 269804531 | SETTLEMENT HOUSE | Institution located in a poor neighborhood that provided numerous community services such as medical care, child care, libraries, and classes in English | |
| 269804532 | SOCIAL WORK | any of various services designed to aid the poor and aged and to increase the welfare of children | |
| 269804533 | AMERICANIZATION | assimilation into American culture | |
| 269804534 | BOOKER T. WASHINGTON | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | |
| 269804535 | W.E.B. DUBOIS | 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 | |
| 269804536 | GEORGE WASHINGTON CARVER | United States botanist and agricultural chemist who developed many uses for peanuts and soy beans and sweet potatoes (1864-1943) | |
| 269804537 | patronage | the business given to a commercial establishment by its customers | |
| 269804538 | Stalwart | a person who is loyal to their allegiance (especially in times of revolt) | |
| 269804539 | Halfbreeds | republican reformers who were accused of backing reform simply to create openings for their own supporters. | |
| 269804540 | Roscoe Conkling | a politician from New York who served both as a member of the United States House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate. He was the leader of the Stalwart faction of the Republican Party. | |
| 269804541 | Pendleton Act | 1883 law that created a Civil Service Commission and stated that federal employees could not be required to contribute to campaign funds nor be fired for political reasons | |
| 269804542 | party of personal liberty | What the Democrats called themselves | |
| 269804543 | Tammany Hall | a political organization within the Democratic Party in New York city (late 1800's and early 1900's) seeking political control by corruption and bossism | |
| 269804544 | Boss system | leaders of political organizations usually in big cities; democratic or republican | |
| 269804545 | Mugwumps | A group of renegade Republicans who supported 1884 Democratic presidential nominee Grover Cleveland instead of their party's nominee, James G. Blaine. | |
| 269804546 | Interstate Commerce Commission | a former independent federal agency that supervised and set rates for carriers that transported goods and people between states | |
| 269804547 | Grover Cleveland | 22nd and 24th president, Democrat, Honest and hardworking, fought corruption, vetoed hundreds of wasteful bills, achieved the Interstate Commerce Commission and civil service reform, violent suppression of strikes | |
| 269804548 | McKinely Tariff | raised tariff's and brought new trouble to farmers. Who were forced to buy high priced products | |
| 269804549 | Sherman Antitrust Act | First federal action against monopolies, it was signed into law by Harrison and was extensively used by Theodore Roosevelt for trust-busting. However, it was initially misused against labor unions | |
| 269804550 | Populism | the political doctrine that supports the rights and powers of the common people in their struggle with the privileged elite | |
| 269804551 | money supply | the total stock of money in the economy | |
| 269804552 | greenbacks | Name for Union paper money not backed by gold or silver. Value would fluctuate depending on status of the war (plural) | |
| 269804553 | inflation | increased prices for goods and services combined with the reduced value of money | |
| 269804554 | deflation | a contraction of economic activity resulting in a decline of prices | |
| 269804555 | "the crime of '73" | enacted by the United States Congress in 1873 and embraced the gold standard and demonetized silver. Western mining interests and others wanted silver in circulation. | |
| 269804556 | The Grange | Originally a social organization between farmers, it developed into a political movement for government ownership of railroads | |
| 269804557 | Oliver H. Kelley | (GC), considered the "Father" of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry (more commonly known as "The Grange"). a fraternal organization for American farmers that encouraged farm families to band together for their common economic and political good. | |
| 269804558 | cooperatives | a jointly owned commercial enterprise (usually organized by farmers or consumers) that produces and distributes goods and services and is run for the benefit of its owners | |
| 269804559 | Wabash v Illinois | Supreme court ruling that states could not regulate interstate commerce | |
| 269804560 | Farmer's alliance | A Farmers' organization founded in late 1870s; worked for lower railroad freight rates, lower interest rates, and a change in the governments tight money policy | |
| 269804561 | Charles W. Macune | assumed leadership of alliance movement; merged several groups into Southern Alliance | |
| 269804562 | People's Party | formed in 1892 called populist .. farmers alliances in the great agricultural belts of the west and south, they want the goverment to run rail roads | |
| 269804563 | Subtreasury Plan | devised by alliance leader Charles Macune by which farmers could store their nonperishable commodities in government warehouses, receive low interest loans using the crops as collateral | |
| 269804564 | Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 | directed the Treasury to increase the amount of currency coined from silver mined in the West ad also permited the govt to print paper $ banked by silver | |
| 269804565 | James B. Weaver | He was the Populist candidate for president in the election of 1892; received only 8.2% of the vote. He was from the West. | |
| 269804566 | graduated income tax | tax on earnings that charges different rates for different income levels | |
| 269804567 | panic of 1893 | Serious economic depression beginning in 1893. Began due to rail road companies over-extending themselves, causing bank failures. Was the worst economic collapse in the history of the country until that point, and, some say, as bad as the Great Depression of the 1930s. | |
| 269804568 | gold bugs | Democrats who left their party over the silver issue | |
| 269804569 | silverites | people who believed coining silver in unlimited quantities would solve the nations economic crisis | |
| 269804570 | W.J. Bryan | advocate of silver standard and proponent of democratic and populist views from the 1890's through the 1910's; democratic candidate for president in 1896, 1900 and 1908. | |
| 269804571 | William McKinley | 25th president responsible for Spanish-American War, Philippine-American War, and the Annexation of Hawaii, imperialism. Is assassinated by an anarchist | |
| 269804572 | sharecroppers | people who rent a plot of land from another person, and farm it in exchange for a share of the crop | |
| 269804573 | Exodusters | African Americans who moved from post reconstruction South to Kansas. | |
| 269804574 | Colored Farmers' National Alliance | More than 1 million southern black farmers organized and shared complaints with poor white farmers. By 1890 membership numbered more than 250,000. The history of racial division in the South, made it hard for white and black farmers to work together in the same org. | |
| 269804575 | poll tax | a tax of a fixed amount per person and payable as a requirement for the right to vote | |
| 269804576 | literacy test | A test given to persons to prove they can read and write before being allowed to register to vote | |
| 269804577 | grandfather clause | an exemption based on circumstances existing prior to the adoption of some policy | |
| 269804578 | Plessy v. Ferguson | sumpreme court ruled that segregation public places facilities were legal as long as the facilites were equal | |
| 269804579 | Ida B. Wells | Black journalist who campaigned/started the anti-lynching movement | |
| 269804580 | Booker T. Washington | African American progressive who supported segregation and demanded that African American better themselves individually to achieve equality. | |
| 269804581 | Atlanta Compromise | Major speech on race-relations given by Booker T. Washington addressing black labor opportunities, and the peril of whites ignoring black injustice | |
| 269804582 | WEB DuBois | 1st black to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, encouraged blacks to resist systems of segregation and discrimination, helped create NAACP in 1910 | |
| 269804583 | The Souls of Black Folk | WEB DuBois 1903 - blacks should not be treated bad, they should be aggressive rise up for equality | |
| 269804584 | Dear God this is a lot of terms | Yes, yes it is. |
