Sensation and Perception part 1
Terms : Hide Images
| 999638520 | Light | signal from the environment; the eye responds to light patterns | 0 | |
| 999638521 | Iris | contractile tissue (muscle). constricts/dilates to change the amount of light that enters through the pupil. colored part of eye. | 1 | |
| 999638522 | Pupil | where the light enters the eye | 2 | |
| 999638523 | Lens | bends (refracts) light (located behind pupil). depends on distance. | 3 | |
| 999638524 | Ciliary muscles | holds and modulates the Lens | 4 | |
| 999638525 | Cornea | Aids the lens | 5 | |
| 999638526 | Retina | at the back of the eye. light is focused on it. image inverted, near/far sightedness. Holds the receptors for vision (rods and cones) | 6 | |
| 999638527 | Rods vs. Cones Ratio | about 20:1 | 7 | |
| 999638528 | Rods | low acuity; night/lowlight vision (high sensitivity)/ no color pigments | 8 | |
| 999638529 | Cones | high acuity (details); daylight; photopigments. Little to no cones in the periphery. | 9 | |
| 999638530 | Fovea | center of retina w/ high acuity (cones). Summation of constantly changing info goes here. | 10 | |
| 999638531 | Constriction | focus of light on fovea (acuity, details) | 11 | |
| 999638532 | Dilation | diffuse light to fovea and periphery (sensitivity, dimly lit) | 12 | |
| 999638533 | Low light | sacrifice acuity for sensitivity | 13 | |
| 999638534 | SNS (somatic nervous system) | pupil dilation = why does this make sense? (dimly let, allows you to see main things, i.e. movement; you don't need details for survival and quick action). | 14 | |
| 999638535 | Path of Messages | receptors --> bipolar cells --> ganglion cells. acuity is a property of low convergence (straight line, no branching off in the cells) | 15 | |
| 999638536 | Receptor Action | no action potentials. Rhodopsin (pigment) absorbs light. G-protein coupled receptor. Receptive fields: respond to some aspects of stimuli | 16 | |
| 999638537 | Color Vision: Cones | pigments respond to different wavelengths | 17 | |
| 999638538 | Wavelength | determines color (color perception). humans: red, green, blue. | 18 | |
| 999638539 | Color | combo of activation of these receptors. proportion of activity in different cones | 19 | |
| 999638540 | Intensity | relates to brightness | 20 | |
| 999638541 | Color Constancy | relative, independent of light source. **note: light itself is not colored, our perception of it is. | 21 | |
| 999638542 | Color Blindness | cannot distinguish wavelengths (2 photo-receptors do not differ - usually red/green) | 22 | |
| 999638543 | Visual Processing at the Cortex: Retina to Cortex | receptors to ganglion cells. Leave eye (optic nerve) for processing. | 23 | |
| 999638544 | Blind spot | no receptors. masked w/ both eyes. system "fills in" | 24 | |
| 999638545 | Retina-geniculate-striate pathway | to visual cortex (perception) via thalamus in this pathway. | 25 | |
| 999638546 | Visual field | coresponds to particular spot on retina (nasal, temporal hemiretina) | 26 | |
| 999638547 | Optic chiasm | Cross over from contralateral visual field | 27 | |
| 999638548 | Optic nerve | L/R eye | 28 | |
| 999638549 | Optic tract | L/R visual fields (they're both in each eye?) | 29 | |
| 999638550 | Parvocellular cells | small, fine detail (cones) | 30 | |
| 999638551 | Magnocellular cells | large, movement (rods) | 31 | |
| 999638552 | in the Cortex | different aspects of stimulus processed separately. still highly organized. | 32 | |
| 999638553 | Area V1 | primary visual cortex: posterior occipital cortex | 33 | |
| 999638554 | Topographic organization | Adjacent retina: adjacent in LGN (?) and cortex. fovea: periphery; posterior: anterior lower visual field in upper region (and vice versa) Organized in columns | 34 | |
| 999638555 | More Area V1 | Visual experience - maintain, fine tune connections Plasticity Rep. of stimulation as "visual" (what would happen if V1 stimulated by auditory nerve?) | 35 | |
| 999638556 | Binocular vision | see in almost every direction w/o turning head. allows 3-d vision (depth) | 36 | |
| 999638557 | Disparity | difference where info falls on each retina. cue for distance (speed of object also cue). cells in cortex sensitive to disparity ex: in vehicle, when things farther away go slow; closer are fast | 37 | |
| 999638558 | Strabismus | lazy eye. alters normal binocular vision | 38 | |
| 999638559 | Predators | eyes in front, more overlap of info. can also have more fovea better detail and depth perception | 39 | |
| 999638560 | Prey | eyes on side, sacrifice depth (for wider range) | 40 | |
| 999638561 | Secondary Visual Processing | stimulus received as a whole, but the cortex sees the thing in parts. each part of cortex has a unique role, perspective. coordination required | 41 | |
| 999638562 | Beyond Area V1 | striate cortex, primary visual cortex reassemble features--objects. primary cx-- secondary sites (of specialization) -- area V4 for color perception | 42 | |
| 999638563 | Area V5/MT | motion info from primary cx and magnocellular cells form, speed, direction, location poor acuity | 43 | |
| 999638564 | Motion parallax | if cross retina quicker, appear to move quicker (Cue for depth) | 44 | |
| 999638565 | Akinetopsia | difficulty with movement progression (series of stills). | 45 | |
| 999638566 | Parallel Processing | secondary to association cortex. dorsal and ventral streams | 46 | |
| 999638567 | Dorsal stream | ego (person) centered where is it? how to interact w/ it? -- helps you figure out this info of the object you see. the "where" pathway -- maybe more of a "how" pathway (how do i interact w/ this object?) | 47 | |
| 999638568 | Ventral stream | object centered what is it? Work together to guide interaction w/ other sensory info | 48 | |
| 999638569 | Dorsal Stream 2 | behavioral interactions spatial relationship rep. in space-- grasping, manipulations | 49 | |
| 999638570 | Ventral Stream 2 | conscious perception /recognition particular types of stimuli (ex. places) | 50 | |
| 999638571 | Fusiform face area | ventral stream faces, things that resemble faces important for social behavior high activity in newborns | 51 | |
| 999638572 | V1- Scotoma | blindness for part of visual field. disrupts perception, interaction damage to secondary processing/ass'n cortex - more complex dysfunction than say a retina scratch | 52 | |
| 999638573 | Dorsal Dysfunction | Problems w/ spacial attributes deficits in grasping/interacting with object can name object, tell you how big it is | 53 | |
| 999638574 | Ventral Dysfunction: Visual Agnosia | failure to recognize (not due to sensory, verbal, motor or intellectual deficit) can accurately interact w/ objects (but can't name it) | 54 | |
| 999638575 | Fusiform Damage: Prosopagnosia | inability to distinguish faces faces/visually simulated members of a class of stimuli unconscious perception intact (automatic response) | 55 | |
| 999638576 | Gestalt Principles | objects perceived as belonging together if similar if they have continuity if in proximity objects moving together are in same group perceive closure when object is incomplete, but contains sufficient info distinguish figure from ground | 56 | |
| 999638577 | Visual Binding | emergence: process of complex pattern formation not ID'd by identifying components, seen as whole | 57 | |
| 999638578 | Ambiguous Object | determining what it is: role of motivation or context | 58 | |
| 999638579 | Depth cues | relative size, distance, relationship | 59 |
