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Bell AP Language Terms Flashcards

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4991118118Ad Hominumattacking an opponent's character rather than answering his argument, and also appealing to one's prejudices, emotions, or special interests rather than to one's intellect or reason0
4991118119AllegoryExtended metaphor that conveys a deeper spiritual, political, etc. meaning1
4991118120Alllusionis a short, informal reference to a famous person, a literary work, an historic event, or popular culture icon of phenomenon2
4991118121Alliterationthe occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.3
4991118122Apostropheinterrupts the discussion or discourse and addresses directly a person or personified thing, either present or absent. Its most common purpose in prose is to give vent to or display intense emotion, which can no longer be held back4
4991118123Aphorismis a statement of truth or opinion expressed in a concise and witty manner. The term is often applied to philosophical, moral and literary principles and is brief (less than 10 words)5
4991118124Analogycompares two things, which are alike in several respects, for the purpose of explaining or clarifying some unfamiliar or difficult idea or object by showing how the idea or object is similar to some familiar one.6
4991118125Anaphorais the repetition of the same word or words at the beginning of successive phrases, clauses, or sentences, commonly in conjunction with climax and with parallelism7
4991118126Anecdotea short and amusing or interesting story about a real incident or person8
4991118127Antithesisthe placing of a sentence or one of its parts against another to which it is opposed to form a balanced contrast of ideas, as in "Give me liberty or give me death.".9
4991118128Asyndetonconsists of omitting conjunctions between words, phrases, or clauses. In a list of items, asyndeton gives the effect of unpremeditated multiplicity, of an extemporaneous rather than a labored account10
4991118129Cacophonyrefers to the use of words and phrases that imply strong, harsh sounds within the phrase. These words have jarring and dissonant sounds that create a disturbing, objectionable atmosphere.11
4991118130Chiasmusmight be called "reverse parallelism," since the second part of a grammatical construction is balanced or paralleled by the first part, only in reverse order. Instead of an A,B structure (e.g., "learned unwillingly") paralleled by another A,B structure ("forgotten gladly"), the A,B will be followed by B,A ("gladly forgotten")12
4991118131ColloquialismThe characteristic style of writing that seeks the effect of informal spoken language as distinct from formal or literary English.13
4991118132Conceitin literature is essentially a form of metaphor. We can think of it as an extended metaphor because it evolves beyond the initial comparison and allows the writer to flesh out multiple points of contrast14
4991118133Cumulative SentenceAn independent clause followed by a series of subordinate constructions (phrases or clauses) that gather details about a person, place, event, or idea15
4991118134Denotationrefers to the use of the dictionary definition or literal meaning of a word16
4991118135DidacticIntended or inclined to teach, preach, or instruct, often excessively17
4991118136Ellipsisomitting a word implied by the previous clause18
4991118137EpiphanyA term in literary criticism for a sudden realization--a flash of recognition in which someone or something is seen in a new light.19
4991118138EthosEthical Appeal20
4991118139Euphemismis used to refer to the literary practice of using a comparatively milder or less abrasive form of a negative description instead of its original, unsympathetic form.21
4991118140GenreA type or category of literature or film marked by certain shared features or conventions.22
4991118141Homilyliterally "sermon", or any serious talk, speech, or lecture providing moral or spiritual advice23
4991118142Hyperbolethe counterpart of understatement, deliberately exaggerates conditions for emphasis or effect.24
4991118143Invectivean emotionally violent, verbal denunciation or attack using strong, abusive language25
4991118144Ironyin literature refers to playing around with words such that the meaning implied by a sentence or word is actually different from the literal meaning. Often irony is used to suggest the stark contrast of the literal meaning being put forth. The deeper, real layer of significance is revealed not by the words themselves but the situation and the context in which they are placed.26

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