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| 50023941 | Abbasid Dynasty | Muslim dynasty after Ummayd, a dynasty that lasted about two centuries that had about 150 years of Persia conquer and was created by Mohammad's youngest uncle's sons | 0 | |
| 50023942 | Abolition of Slavery | 13th amendment ratified by the Convention on February 4, 1794 and extended to all French territories, including the Caribbean colonies of Martinique and Guadeloup | 1 | |
| 50023943 | Absolutism | a form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator (not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.) | 2 | |
| 50023944 | Achaemenid Empire | The Government of Achaemenid Empire was a delicate balance of central and local administration. The challenge was to find an orderly way to govern seventy types of different people across many scattered regions and in a way that many different languages would understand. Governors were appointed for various regions, the realm was divided into twenty-three districts whose administration and taxation was managed by satraps | 3 | |
| 50023945 | African diaspora | the forced removal of Africans from their homeland to serve as slaves in the Americas | 4 | |
| 50023946 | Agricultural diffusion | The shift of food gathering to food producing. Gatherer>grower=agricultural revolution. Chaser>herder=domestication. People could now live in one area because they didn't have to search for food. Could now make houses | 5 | |
| 50023947 | Akbar the Great | known for religious tolerance. grandson of Babur who created a strong central government | 6 | |
| 50023948 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher. A pupil of Plato, the tutor of Alexander the Great, and the author of works on logic, metaphysics, ethics, natural sciences, politics, and poetics, he profoundly influenced Western thought. In his philosophical system, which led him to criticize what he saw as Plato's metaphysical excesses, theory follows empirical observation and logic, based on the syllogism, is the essential method of rational inquiry. | 7 | |
| 50023949 | Aryans | nomads from Europe and Asia who migrated to India and finally settled; vedas from this time suggest beginning of caste system | 8 | |
| 50023950 | Assyrian Empire | this empire covered much of what is now mesopotamia, syria, palestine, egypt, and anatolia; its height was during the seventh and eigth centuries BCE | 9 | |
| 50023951 | Athens | This city was the seat of Greek art, science, and philosophy. Paul visited this city during his second missionary journey and spoke to the citizens about their altar to the unknown god. | 10 | |
| 50023952 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas. One part of a three-part economical system known as the MIddle Passage of the Triangular Trade. | 11 | |
| 50023953 | Augustus Caesar | Name given to Octavian following his defeat of Mark Anthony and Cleopatra; first emperor of Rome. | 12 | |
| 50023954 | Aztecs | (1200-1521) 1300, they settled in the valley of Mexico. Grew corn. Engaged in frequent warfare to conquer others of the region. Worshipped many gods (polytheistic). Believed the sun god needed human blood to continue his journeys across the sky. Practiced human sacrifices and those sacrificed were captured warriors from other tribes and those who volunteered for the honor. | 13 | |
| 50023955 | Bantu migration | the movement of the bantu peoples southward throghout africa, spreading their language and culture, from around 500 b.c. to around A.D 1000 | 14 | |
| 50023956 | British in India | They entered by way of the East India Co. for the intended purpose of trade. However, they ended up staying for quite some time... | 15 | |
| 50023957 | Bronze Age | a period of human culture between the Stone Age and the Iron Age, characterized by the use of weapons and implements made of bronze | 16 | |
| 50023958 | Bubonic plague | disease brought to Europe from the Mongols during the Middle Ages. It killed 1/3 of the population and helps end Feudalism. Rats, fleas. | 17 | |
| 50023959 | Buddhism | the teaching of Buddha that life is permeated with suffering caused by desire, that suffering ceases when desire ceases, and that enlightenment obtained through right conduct and wisdom and meditation releases one from desire and suffering and rebirth | 18 | |
| 50023960 | Byzantine Empire | Historians' name for the eastern portion of the Roman Empire from the fourth century onward, taken from 'Byzantion,' an early name for Constantinople, the Byzantine capital city. The empire fell to the Ottomans in 1453. | 19 | |
| 50023961 | Byzantium Russian | Name the government that Ivan the Great claims to have succeeded as the "Third Rome". | 20 | |
| 50023962 | Carolingian Empire | Charlemagne's empire; covered much of western and central Europe; largest empire until Napoleon in 19th century | 21 | |
| 50023963 | Caste System | a set of rigid social categories that determined not only a person's occupation and economic potential, but also his or her position in society | 22 | |
| 50023964 | Catherine the Great | ruled Russia from 1762 to 1796, added new lands to Russia, encouraged science, art, lierature, Russia became one of Europe's most powerful nations | 23 | |
| 50023965 | Chavin | the first major South American civilization, which flourished in the highlands of what is now Peru from about 900 to 200 B.C. | 24 | |
| 50023966 | Chinese technologies | compass, rudder, gun powder | 25 | |
| 50023967 | Christianity | a monotheistic system of beliefs and practices based on the Old Testament and the teachings of Jesus as embodied in the New Testament and emphasizing the role of Jesus as savior | 26 | |
| 50023968 | Christopher Columbus | Genoese mariner who in the service of Spain led expeditions across the Atlantic, reestablishing contact between the peoples of the Americas and the Old World and opening the way to Spanish conquest and colonization. | 27 | |
| 50023969 | Persia-politics, economics & society in the classical era | add | 28 | |
| 50023970 | Colonial North America | America during the time that England ruled | 29 | |
| 50023971 | Commercial Revolution | the expansion of the trade and buisness that transformed European economies during the 16th and 17th centuries. | 30 | |
| 50023972 | Confucianism | The system of ethics, education, and statesmanship taught by Confucius and his disciples, stressing love for humanity, ancestor worship, reverence for parents, and harmony in thought and conduct. | 31 | |
| 50023973 | Confucius | Chinese philosopher (circa 551-478 BC) | 32 | |
| 50023974 | Counter Reformation | the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected) | 33 | |
| 50023975 | Crusades | a series of military expeditions in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries by Westrn European Christians to reclain control of the Holy Lands from the Muslims | 34 | |
| 50023976 | Daoism | philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events | 35 | |
| 50023977 | Dar al islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 36 | |
| 50023978 | Deism | The religion of the Enlightenment (1700s). Followers believed that God existed and had created the world, but that afterwards He left it to run by its own natural laws. Denied that God communicated to man or in any way influenced his life. | 37 | |
| 50023979 | Early Christianity | worshipped a single God, appealed to lower classes, taught equality of sexes | 38 | |
| 50023980 | Early Reform movements during the European Middle Ages | lead to the reinassance | 39 | |
| 50023981 | East African cultures | add | 40 | |
| 50023982 | Eastern Hemisphere Trade | silk road, maritime routes, transaharan, northern european, and south china sea | 41 | |
| 50023983 | Education and religion in Medieval Europe | add | 42 | |
| 50023984 | Emperor Wudi | emperor under the Han Dynasty that wanted to create a stronger central government by taking land from the lords, raising taxes and places the supply of grain under the government's control | 43 | |
| 50023985 | Encomienda system | priviledge given by Spain to Spanish settlers in the Americas which allowed to control the lands and people of a certain territory | 44 | |
| 50023986 | English Civil War | Conflict from 1640 to 1660; featured religious disputes mixed with constitutional issues concerning the powers of the monarchy; ended with restoration of the monarchy in 1660 following execution of previous king | 45 | |
| 50023987 | Epicureanism | school of thought developed by the philosopher Epicurus in Hellenistic Athens; it held that happiness is the chief goal in life, and the means to achieve happiness was the pursuit of pleasure | 46 | |
| 50023988 | Establishment of the nation-state in Western Europe | A unified country under a ruler which share common goals and pride in a nation. The rise of the nation-state began after England's defeat of the Spanish Armada. This event sparked nationalistic goals in exploration which were not thought possible with the commanding influence of the Spanish who may have crushed their chances of building new colonies. | 47 | |
| 50023989 | European balance of Power | To prevent France from becoming Powerful: 1) The Low Countries of Holland and Belgium were combined to form a Dutch republic to be a check on French power in the north and west. 2) Prussia received separate territory along the Rhine River to be a check to French power in the East | 48 | |
| 50023990 | European conquest | add | 49 | |
| 50023991 | European Explorations - motivation and technologies | western europeans explore first because they are along the atlantis, and they wanted to compete in the international market with China and Japan | 50 | |
| 50023992 | European explorers | columbus - spain, lweis and clark, bartolomeu disas - portugal - traveled southern tip of africa into the indian ocean, vascodegama - reached india | 51 | |
| 50023993 | Fall of the Roman Empire | Attacks by the Visigoth, Attila and the Huns and vandals all weaked the empire and toward the mid fifth century barbarian chieftains replaced roman emperors. The west was overrun by the German tribes but they respected the Roman culture and learned from their roman sunjects. Roman governmental institutions survived and blended with German customs | 52 | |
| 50023994 | Feudal Monarchies | Maintained order, provided relatively stable and effective government, later provided impetus (a force that moves something along) for ocean-going explorations | 53 | |
| 50023995 | Feudalism | a political and social system that developed during the Middle Ages; nobles offered protection and land in return for service | 54 | |
| 50023996 | Frankish Empire | Charlemagne's extended empire: Germany, France, northern Spain, and most o f Italy- became known as. | 55 | |
| 50023997 | Germanic invasions | invaded from the north with feirce blood thirsty brain chewing vein sucking warriors. | 56 | |
| 50023998 | Ghana | First known kingdom in sub-Saharan West Africa between the sixth and thirteenth centuries C.E. Also the modern West African country once known as the Gold Coast. gold and salt trade. | 57 | |
| 50023999 | Ghengis Khan | The title of Temier. Genghis Khan was the founder of the Mongol Empire. | 58 | |
| 50024000 | Gupta Dynasty | (ad 320-500)ruled indias golden age in science, art, and literature | 59 | |
| 50024001 | Haciendas | Large Spanish colonial estates usually owned by wealthy families but worked by many peasants | 60 | |
| 50024002 | Hammurabi's Code | established high standars of behavior and stern punishments for violators; civil laws regulated mostly everything such as wages dealings and relationships | 61 | |
| 50024003 | Han Dynasty | imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time) from 206 BC to 221 and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy | 62 | |
| 50024004 | Hanseatic League | An economic and defensive alliance of the free towns in northern Germany, founded about 1241 and most powerful in the fourteenth century. | 63 | |
| 50024005 | Hebrews | the ethnic group claiming descent from Abraham and Isaac (especially from Isaac's son Jacob) | 64 | |
| 50024006 | Hellenistic Empire | The name of Alexander the Great's Empire | 65 | |
| 50024007 | Hinduism | A religion and philosophy developed in ancient India, characterized by a belief in reincarnation and a supreme being who takes many forms | 66 | |
| 50024008 | Holy Roman Empire | Religious divisions due to the Reformation and religious wars in 16th and 17th centuries split Germany among Catholic, Lutheran and Calvinist prince. Gave way to new empires | 67 | |
| 50024009 | Hominids | A species on the human branch of the evolutionary tree; a member of the family Hominidae, including Homo sapiens and our ancestors | 68 | |
| 50024010 | Homo Sapiens | A species of the creatures Hominid who have larger brains and to which humans belong, dependent of language and usage of tools. | 69 | |
| 50024011 | Ibn Battuta | (1304-1369) Morrocan Muslim scholar, the most widely traveled individual of his time. He wrote a detailed account of his visits to Islamic lands from China to Spain and the western Sudan. His writings gave a glimpse into the world of that time period. | 70 | |
| 50024012 | Incas | Ancient civilization (1200-1500AD) that was located in the Andes in Peru | 71 | |
| 50024013 | Indentured Labor | labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, typically three to seven years, in exchange for their transportation, food, clothing, lodging and other necessities | 72 | |
| 50024014 | Indian Ocean trade | areas, sequence of control of- Major trades happened on the Indian Ocean. Trade happened between Arab, Persian, Turkish, Indian, black African, Chinese, and Europe merchants. Is the 3rd largest waterway and covers 20% of Earth's ocean water area. 3 circles of the Indian Ocean trade impacted by the Black Death caused trade to be more regional. | 73 | |
| 50024015 | Indo European languages | a family (or phylum) of several hundred related languages and dialects,[1] including most major languages of Europe, Iran, and northern India, and historically also predominant in Anatolia and Central Asia. | 74 | |
| 50024016 | Indus River Civilization | The civilization was in the Indus River Valley from 3500 BC to 2500 BC. They had two thriving cities which were Mohenjodaro and Harappa. peninsula-water on 3 sides. sub-continent. himalayan mountians. | 75 | |
| 50024017 | Iron metallurgy | Extraction of iron from its ores. allowed for cheaper stronger production of weapons and tools. More abundant than tin and copper | 76 | |
| 50024018 | Islam | the religious faith of Muslims, based on the words and religious system founded by the prophet Muhammad and taught by the Koran, the basic principle of which is absolute submission to a unique and personal god, Allah. | 77 | |
| 50024019 | Islam in Northern India | add | 78 | |
| 50024020 | Ivan the Terrible | (1533-1584) earned his nickname for his great acts of cruelty directed toward all those with whom he disagreed. He became the first ruler to assume the title Czar of all Russia. | 79 | |
| 50024021 | Janism | a religion founded in India in the sixth century BC, whose members believe that everything in the universe has a soul and therefore shouldn't be harmed. Mahavira founded this religion. | 80 | |
| 50024022 | Janissaries | 30,000 Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. | 81 | |
| 50024023 | Jesus | A Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices. He was executed as a revolutionary by the Romans.A teacher and prophet whose life and teachings form the basis of Christianity. Christians believe Jesus to be Son of God and the Christ. | 82 | |
| 50024024 | John Calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | 83 | |
| 50024025 | Joint Stock Company | A company made up of a group of shareholders. Each shareholder contributes some money to the company and receives some share of the company's profits and debts. | 84 | |
| 50024026 | Julius Caesar | Made dictator for life in 45 BCE, after conquering Gaul, assinated in 44 BCE by the Senate because they were afraid of his power | 85 | |
| 50024027 | Justinian's Code | laws of the byzantine empirebased the twelve tables of raman law, became a basis for laws in many european nations | 86 | |
| 50024028 | King Henry VIII of England | King of England from 1509 to 1547 and founder of the Church of England; he broke with the Catholic Church because the pope would not grant him a divorce. | 87 | |
| 50024029 | King Louis XIV of France | Ruled with an iron fist for 60 years, and always wanted war. Believed in Divine Right theory, in which God chose him to rule over the masses and that anyone who challenged him would be challenging God. Thought that an absolute monarchy was the best form of government, and that men couldn't be trusted to govern themselves. | 88 | |
| 50024030 | King Phillip II of Spain | 336 BC, was an ancient Greek[2][3] king (basileus) of Macedon from 359 BC until his assassination in 336. He was the father of Alexander the Great and Philip III. | 89 | |
| 50024031 | Kingdom of Kongo | Basin of the Congo (Zaire) river, conglomeration of several village alliances, participated actively in trade networks, most centralized rule of the early Bantu kingdoms, royal currency: cowries, ruled 14th-17th century until undermined by Portuguese slave traders | 90 | |
| 50024032 | Legacy of Classical Greece | period of Greek history from about 500-338 BCE, a period of remarkable intellectual and cultural growth throughout Greece; | 91 | |
| 50024033 | Legalism | Chinese philosophy developed by Hanfeizi; taught that humans are naturally evil and therefore need to be ruled by harsh laws | 92 | |
| 50024034 | Long distance trade | As technology improved and specialization increased, trade with other civilization centers began. This trade led to cultural diffusion. Not only was material culture shared, but nonmaterial culture also spread, contributing to the cosmopolitan nature of cities | 93 | |
| 50024035 | Macedonian Empire | 867-1056 power of patriarch of const. at peak. Alexander the great Macedonian. | 94 | |
| 50024036 | Mali & Mansa Musa | Empire created by indigenous Muslims in western Sudan of West Africa from the thirteenth to fifteenth century. It was famous for its role in the trans-Saharan gold trade. | 95 | |
| 50024037 | Mandate of Heaven | a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source | 96 | |
| 50024038 | Manorialism | Economic system during the Middle Ages that revolved around self-sufficient farming estates where lords and peasants shared the land. | 97 | |
| 50024039 | Marco Polo | Venetian merchant and traveler. His accounts of his travels to China offered Europeans a firsthand view of Asian lands and stimulated interest in Asian trade. | 98 | |
| 50024040 | Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 99 | |
| 50024041 | Matteo Ricci | Ming dynasty, establishment of Macao by the Portuguese, Jesuit missionary to China who learned Mandarin and was sinocized | 100 | |
| 50024042 | Mauryan Dynasty | Chandragupta Maurya born in powerful kingdom of Magadha, centered on the lower Ganges River, ruled for centuries by the Nanda family. gathered an army and took over in about 321 B.C. Chandragupta gathered an army and took over in about 321 B.C. | 101 | |
| 50024043 | Mayan Civilization | a member of a major pre-Columbian civilization of the Yucatán Peninsula that reached its peak in the 9th century a.d. and produced magnificent ceremonial cities with pyramids, a sophisticated mathematical and calendar system, hieroglyphic writing, and fine sculpture, painting, and ceramics. | 102 | |
| 50024044 | Mayan Culture | 1500 B.C. to 900 A.D. This is the most advanced civilization of the time in the Western Hempishere. Famous for its awe-inspiring temples, pyramids and cities. A complex social and political order. | 103 | |
| 50024045 | Medieval Japan | 1185 - 1608 a period of Japanese history when Japan acted like Feudal Europe. warlords controlled land and economy | 104 | |
| 50024046 | Mediterranean trade | add | 105 | |
| 50024047 | Mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th C) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 106 | |
| 50024048 | Mesopotamia | The region between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers; birthplace of the Sumerian and Babylonian Civilizations.land between the rivers. | 107 | |
| 50024049 | Millet System | divided regions in the Ottoman Empire by religion (Orthodox Christians, Jews, Armenian Christians, Muslims). Leaders of each millet supported the Sultan in exchange for power over their millet. | 108 | |
| 50024050 | Ming Dynasty | A major dynasty that ruled China from the mid-fourteenth to the mid-seventeenth century. It was marked by a great expansion of Chinese commerce into East Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia | 109 | |
| 50024051 | Mogul Empire | an empire established by the Mogul conquerors of India that reigned from 1526 to 1857 | 110 | |
| 50024052 | Mongol Empire | an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan, which reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century, encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe. | 111 | |
| 50024053 | Mongol-Christian diplomacy | mongols were generally tolerant to all religions. they were primarily concerned with conquering land and gaining power. | 112 | |
| 50024054 | Muhammad | the Arab prophet who founded Islam (570-632) | 113 | |
| 50024055 | Mycenaeans | a group of people who settled on the Greek mainland around 2000 B.C.; leading city called Mycenae which could withstand any attack; nobles lived in splendor; these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms | 114 | |
| 50024056 | Neo-Confucianism | term that describes the resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the T'ang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism | 115 | |
| 50024057 | Nile River Civilization | society was ruled by a pharaoh considered the incarnation of the sun god who controled acces to the Nile; women had many rights ( Hatshepsut was a female pharaoh of Egypt); theyhad hieroglyphics, the 365-day calender, they were polythestic and worshipped the dead | 116 | |
| 50024058 | Oceania | a large group of islands in the south Pacific including Melanesia and Micronesia and Polynesia (and sometimes Australasia and the Malay Archipelago) | 117 | |
| 50024059 | Olmecs | (1400 B.C.E. to 500 B.C.E.) earliest known Mexican civilization,lived in rainforests along the Gulf of Mexico, developed calendar and constructed public buildings and temples, carried on trade with other groups.priests/aristocrats were at the top of society, built a ceremonial center, wroshiped the jaguar and werejaguar, best remains are the stone carved heads at la venta, use of calendar, spread through trade, known for art, most important legacy was priestly leadership and devotion | 118 | |
| 50024060 | Olympics | Greek athletic competitions to celebrate the Gods and feed city-state rivalries | 119 | |
| 50024061 | origins of writing | add | 120 | |
| 50024062 | Ottoman Empire | Islamic state founded by Osman in northwestern Anatolia ca. 1300. After the fall of the Byzantine Empire, the Ottoman Empire was based at Istanbul (formerly Constantinople) from 1453 to 1922. It encompassed lands in the Middle East, North Africa, the Caucasus, and eastern Europe. | 121 | |
| 50024063 | Pacific Islands migrations | spanish conquest of the phillipeans helps to keep spain integrated in world trade | 122 | |
| 50024064 | Paleolithic Era economy & society | called the old stone age ( from 10,000 to 2.5 million years ago); they were concerned with food suply; theyused stone as well as bone tools; they were nomadic hunters and gatherers ( men hunted and women gathered). | 123 | |
| 50024065 | Patriarchy | a form of social organization in which the father is the supreme authority in the family, clan, or tribe and descent is reckoned in the male line, with the children belonging to the father's clan or tribe. | 124 | |
| 50024066 | Persian Wars | Conflicts between Greek city-states and the Persian Empire, ranging from the Ionian Revolt (499-494 B.C.E.) through Darius's punitive expedition that failed at Marathon. Chronicled by Herodotus. | 125 | |
| 50024067 | Peter the Great | (1672-1725) Russian tsar (r. 1689-1725). He enthusiastically introduced Western languages and technologies to the Russian elite, moving the capital from Moscow to the new city of St. Petersburg. | 126 | |
| 50024068 | Phoenicians | located on eastern Mediterranean coast; invented the alphabet which used sounds rather than symbols like cuneiform | 127 | |
| 50024069 | Polis | A city-state in ancient Greece. | 128 | |
| 50024070 | Portuguese Empire | took lead in European exploration (sponsored by Prince Henry); went East and found gold in Africa (the Cape of Good hope) and India for spice trade | 129 | |
| 50024071 | Protestant Reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 130 | |
| 50024072 | Qin Dynasty | the Chinese dynasty (from 246 BC to 206 BC) that established the first centralized imperial government and built much of the Great Wall | 131 | |
| 50024073 | Qing Dynasty | the last imperial dynasty of China (from 1644 to 1912) which was overthrown by revolutionaries; during the Qing dynasty China was ruled by the Manchu | 132 | |
| 50024074 | Queen Elizabeth I | This "virgin" queen ruled England for 50 years and was one of the most successful monarchs in English History. She supported the arts, increased the treasury, supported the exploration of the New World, built up the military, and established the Church of England as the main religion in England | 133 | |
| 50024075 | Quran | the sacred writings of Islam revealed by God to the prophet Muhammad during his life at Mecca and Medina | 134 | |
| 50024076 | Renaissance | A period of intense artistic and intellectual activity, said to be a 'rebirth' of Greco-Roman culture. Usually divided into an Italian Renaissance, from roughly the mid-fourteenth to mid-fifteenth century, and a Northern Renaissance 1400-1600 | 135 | |
| 50024077 | Repartimiento system | required adult male Native Americans to devote a set number of days of labor anually to Spanish economic enterprises. PROBLEM- abused workers due to sense of urgency and exploitation | 136 | |
| 50024078 | Roman Empire | Existed from 27 BCE to about 400 CE. Conquiered entire Mediterranean coast and most of Europe. Ruled by an emperor. Eventually oversaw the rise and spread of Christianity. | 137 | |
| 50024079 | Roman Law | this Roman contribution delt mostly with the rights of Roman citizens; one belief was that it should be fair and equal to all people | 138 | |
| 50024080 | Roman Republic | The period from 507 to 31 B.C.E., during which Rome was largely governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate. | 139 | |
| 50024081 | Roman roads | allowed for better military transportation and facilitated trade throughout their empire. Cities grew larger and more powerful. Appian Way, 53,000 miles make up all the Roman roads, User-contributed everyone could share supplies, 55,000miles of roads, communication, soldiers | 140 | |
| 50024082 | Russian Empire | conquered central asia during the 1800s. Home of Catherine the Great. | 141 | |
| 50024083 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 142 | |
| 50024084 | Scientific Revolution | the era of scientific thought in europe during which careful observation of the natural world was made, and accepted beliefs were questioned | 143 | |
| 50024085 | Serfdom in Russia | feudal system, the use of serfs to work the land in return for protection against barbarian invasions | 144 | |
| 50024086 | Seven Years War | Fought between France/Russia and Prussia- Frederick kept fighting against heavy odds and was saved when Peter III took Russian throne and called off the war. | 145 | |
| 50024087 | Shang Dynasty | Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting. | 146 | |
| 50024088 | Shi Huangdi | Founder of the short-lived Qin dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire (r. 221-210 B.C.E.). He is remembered for his ruthless conquests of rival states and standardization. (163 | 147 | |
| 50024089 | Silk Road | An ancient trade route between China and the Mediterranean Sea extending some 6,440 km (4,000 mi) and linking China with the Roman Empire. Marco Polo followed the route on his journey to Cathay. | 148 | |
| 50024090 | Single Whip Tax System | 1581 tax reform by Zhang Juz hen: all land taxes were to be paid in silver. | 149 | |
| 50024091 | Skepticism | the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain | 150 | |
| 50024092 | Slavery in Africa | Slaving wars increased dramatically, now favorite tactic for conquerors. Dahomey made slave trade a monopoly. Europe weapons used for military despotism. Benin banned export of slaves to use instead for ivory and bronzes. Many died. men mostly slaves. Polygamy emerged. Attacked captors. Dysentery or scurvy most died from. | 151 | |
| 50024093 | Socrates | philosopher who believed in an absolute right or wrong; asked students pointed questions to make them use their reason, later became Socratic method. condemed to death for corrupting young minds. | 152 | |
| 50024094 | Songhay Empire | Portion of Mali after that kingdom collapsed around 1500; this empire controlled Timbuktu. university town, book trade. | 153 | |
| 50024095 | Spanish Empire | purpose- exploit gold and provide population outlet; conquistadors established this empire; predominantly located in the americas (exception is the phillipenes). autocratic/mercantilistic/catholic development of self-sustaining economies less important that conversion of "heathens" to Catholicism (mission system) and search for gold and silver | 154 | |
| 50024096 | Sparta | Greek city-state that was ruled by an oligarchy, focused on military, used slaves for agriculture, discouraged the arts | 155 | |
| 50024097 | Spread of epidemic disease | ie. small pox blankets, natives with european diseases | 156 | |
| 50024098 | St. Petersburg | built to attract europeans and to get warm water ports.. also to provide contact with the west..Capitol city created by Peter the Great to resemble a French city. It was built on land taken from Sweeden | 157 | |
| 50024099 | Stoicism | the philosophical system of the Stoics following the teachings of the ancient Greek philosopher Zeno -- emphasized reason as a means of understanding the natural state of things, or logos, and as a means of freeing oneself from emotional distress | 158 | |
| 50024100 | Sufis | mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, & simple life | 159 | |
| 50024101 | Sugar, Silver & Gold | add | 160 | |
| 50024102 | Sui Dynasty | The short dynasty between the Han and the Tang; built the Grand Canal, strengthened the government, and introduced Buddhism to China | 161 | |
| 50024103 | Suleyman the Magnificent | Ottoman Sultan (1512-20) expansion in Asia and Europe, helped Ottomans become a naval power, challegned Christian vessles througout the Mediterranian. 16th Century. The "lawgiver" who was so culturally aware yet exacted murder on two of his sons and a grandson in order to prevent civil war. Ottoman. | 162 | |
| 50024104 | Sunni Islam | believe that only the fourth successor (Ali, Muhammad's cousin and son-in-law) had the right to succeed the prophet - in Ottoman empire | 163 | |
| 50024105 | Shia Islam | is the belif that people should have Mohammeds descands as their leaders | 164 | |
| 50024106 | Taj Mahal | beautiful mausoleum at Agra built by the Mogul emperor Shah Jahan (completed in 1649) in memory of his favorite wife | 165 | |
| 50024107 | Tang Dynasty | dynasty often referred to as China's Golden age that reigned during 618 - 907 AD; China expands from Vietnam to Manchuria | 166 | |
| 50024108 | Song Dynasty | (960 - 1279 AD); this dynasty was started by Tai Zu; by 1000, a million people were living there; started feet binding; had a magnetic compass; had a navy; traded with india and persia (brought pepper and cotton); first to have paper money, explosive gun powder; *landscape black and white paintings | 167 | |
| 50024109 | Teotihuacan | first major metropolis in Mesoamerica, collapsed around 800 CE. It is most remembered for the gigantic "pyramid of the sun". | 168 | |
| 50024110 | The Enlightenment | A philosophical movement which started in Europe in the 1700's and spread to the colonies. It emphasized reason and the scientific method. Writers of the enlightenment tended to focus on government, ethics, and science, rather than on imagination, emotions, or religion. Many members of the Enlightenment rejected traditional religious beliefs in favor of Deism, which holds that the world is run by natural laws without the direct intervention of God. | 169 | |
| 50024111 | The Forbidden City | Built in the Ming Dynasty, was a stunning monument in Bejing built for Yonglo. All commoners and foreigners were forbidden to enter without special permission. | 170 | |
| 50024112 | The Great Wall | a vast Chinese defensive fortification begun in the 3rd century B.C. and running along the northern border of the country for 2,400 km | 171 | |
| 50024113 | The Romanovs | Russian family that came to power in 1613 and ruled for three centuries. | 172 | |
| 50024114 | Thirty Years War | Protestant rebellion against the Holy Roman Empire ends with peace of westpahlia.1618-48) A series of European wars that were partially a Catholic-Protestant religious conflict. It was primarily a batlte between France and their rivals the Hapsburg's, rulers of the Holy Roman Empire. | 173 | |
| 50024115 | Timbuktu | City on the Niger River in the modern country of Mali. It was founded by the Tuareg as a seasonal camp sometime after 1000. As part of the Mali empire, Timbuktu became a major major terminus of the trans-Saharan trade and a center of Islamic learning. | 174 | |
| 50024116 | Tokugawa Shogunate | Japanese ruling dynasty that strove to isolate it from foreign influences. shogunate started by Tokugawa Leyasu; 4 class system, warriors, farmers, artisans, merchants; Japan's ports were closed off; wanted to create their own culture; illegal to fight; merchants became rich because domestic trade flourished (because fighting was illegal); had new forms of art - kabuki and geishas | 175 | |
| 50024117 | Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of sedentary agriculture in Mesoamerica; established capital at Tula after migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic, including cult of human sacrifice. | 176 | |
| 50024118 | Trading Post Empires | Built initially by the portuguese, these were used to control the trade routes by forcing merchant vessels to call at fortified trading sites and pay duties there. | 177 | |
| 50024119 | Traditional Africian Religious beliefs | add | 178 | |
| 50024120 | Trans Saharan trade | route across the sahara desert. Major trade route that traded for gold and salt, created caravan routes, economic benefit for controlling dessert, camels played a huge role in the trading | 179 | |
| 50024121 | Treaty of Tordesillas | a 1494 agreement between Portugal and Spain, declaring that newly discovered lands to the west of an imaginary line in the Atlantic Ocean would belong to Spain and newly discovered lands to the east of the line would belong to Portugal. | 180 | |
| 50024122 | Umayyad Dynasty | Who: Governor of Syria, Muawiya, and his successors, Shi'ites, Sunnis, Kharijites, Uthman. What: Dynasty based on succession rather than election following the first period of caliphates. Continued advances in the kingdom, venturing as far as China and deep into Asia, claiming Afghanistan for a Muslim base. Fell apart due to tension in the kingdom between the Sunnis, Shi'ites, and Kharijites, the malawis (Muslim converts) and born Muslims, and the religion and state. When: 661-750 Where: Middle East, Damascus Why: Beginning of great strife in the Muslim community | 181 | |
| 50024123 | Vedas | Early Eastern sacred knowledge. by braham priests | 182 | |
| 50024124 | Vedic Age | A period in the history of India; It was a period of transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled village communities, with cattle the major form of wealth. | 183 | |
| 50024125 | Vikings | one of a seafaring Scandinavian people who raided the coasts of northern and western Europe from the eighth through the tenth century. | 184 | |
| 50024126 | Warring States Period | time of warfare between regional lords following the decline of the Zhou dynasty in the 8th century B.C.E. | 185 | |
| 50024127 | Westernization | policy of Peter the Great. Adoption of western ideas, technology, and culture | 186 | |
| 50024128 | Yellow River-Xia Dynasty | Another name for the Huang He River in the north of China. Chinese river; called river of tears because a lot of people died river overflowing. earliest Chinese Dynasty; along Yellow River; 2000 BCE - 1600 BCE | 187 | |
| 50024129 | Zheng He | An imperial eunuch and Muslim, entrusted by the Ming emperor Yongle with a series of state voyages that took his gigantic ships through the Indian Ocean, from Southeast Asia to Africa. | 188 | |
| 50024130 | Zoroastrianism | system of religion founded in Persia in the 6th century BC by Zoroaster noun | 189 | |
| 50204166 | Mr. Ellis | most enthusiastic history teacher: freakishly resembles waldo :) | 190 |
