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| the educated upper class in the Third Estate; in revolutionary France they were the merchants and lawyers that sought the ideals of the Enlightenment | ||
| nobles and others who left France during peasant uprisings and hoped to come back to the old system | ||
| those without "knee breeches"; term used to describe the lower middle class of France; the working class in the Third Estate | ||
| the right to vote for a citizen | ||
| pride in one's national identity | ||
| The highest class of French society under the Old Order that made up of the clergy of the Roman Catholic Church. | ||
| a vow by members of the 3rd estate not to disband until a constitution was written | ||
| 3rd estate declaration that it was the only true govt. in France; agreed that they would only recognize a monarch whose powers were limited by a consitution in France | ||
| Paris-July 14, 1789~the medieval fortress and prison that was invaded by the Third Estate; its fall was the considered the "start" of the French Revolution | ||
| when the peasants were afraid that the nobles would send mercenaries to kill them. It was a rumor that spread as a result of the Storming of Bastille | ||
| stated that men are born with equal rights, such as liberty, property, security, resistance to oppression, and innocence until proven guilty; similar to the American Declaration of Independence | ||
| Palace constructed by Louis XIV (Sun King) outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility. | ||
| this document limited the monarch, provided natural rights, and put the Catholic Church under control of govt. | ||
| Radical republicans during the French Revolution. They were led by Maximilien Robespierre | ||
| machine for beheading people; used to promote the ideals of equality since beheadings were typically used to execute the monarchs | ||
| occurred when approximately 1200 people from the city jails were executed because they were assumed to be counterrevolutionaries | ||
| leaders under Robespierre who organized the defenses of France against Austria, controlled foreign policy, and centralized authority during the period 1792-1795. | ||
| the period in France where Robespierre ruled and used terror to solidify his rule. He tried thousands and executed most | ||
| financial expert of Louis XVI, he advised Louis to reduce court spending, reform his government, abolish tarriffs on internal trade, but the First and Second Estates got him fired | ||
| "The incorruptable;" the leader of the bloodiest portion of the French Revolution. He set out to build a republic of virtue. | ||
| A proponent of democracy, she demanded the same rights for French women that French men were demanding for themselves. In her Declaration of the Rights of Woman and the Female Citizen (1791), she challenged the practice of male authority and the notion of male-female inequality. She lost her life to the guillotine due to her revolutionary ideas. | ||
| a weak King of France (1774-1792) during the start of the French Revolution. In 1789 he summoned the Estates-General, but he did not grant the reforms that were demanded and revolution followed. Louis and his queen, Marie Antoinette, were ultimately executed | ||
| Austrian that became queen of France (as wife of Louis XVI); her extravagance and opposition to reform contributed to the overthrow of the monarchy; she was "guillotined" along with her husband | ||
| made up of rich nobles that held the highest offices in government; they disagreed about Enlightenment Ideas; approx. 2 % of the population that owned approx. 20 % of land | ||
| made up of Bourgeois, urban lower class, and peasant farmers; approx. 98% of the population in France; faced the highest taxation and the fewest rights prior to the French; ultimately formed the National Assembly | ||
| France's traditional assembly with representatives of the three estates, or classes, in French society: the clergy, nobility, and commoners | ||
| also known as the "Mountain". members of the radical faction within the Jacobin party who advocated the centralization of state power during the French Revolution and instituted the Reign of Terror | ||
| statements of local grievances drafted throughout France during the elections to the Estates-General, advocating a regular constitutional government abolishing fiscal privileges of the church and nobility |
