The broad definitions of the four types of macromolecules, plus a few other biochemical terms
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| 22183130 | Organic Compounds | contains carbon | |
| 22183131 | Organic Compounds | carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids are all | |
| 22183132 | Carbohydrates | consist of hydrogen, oxygen, carbon | |
| 22183133 | Carbohydrates | give quick energy | |
| 22183134 | Monosaccharides | glucose, galactose, and fructose are all what type of polymer? | |
| 22183135 | Disaccharides | sucrose, lactose, and maltose are all what type of polymer? | |
| 22183136 | Polysaccharides | cellulose and starch (plants) and glycogen and chitin (animals) are what type of polymer? | |
| 22183137 | Lipids | comprise fats, oils, waxes, and steroids | |
| 22183138 | Lipids | hydrophobic | |
| 22183139 | Lipids | Made of 1 glycerol + 3 fatty acids | |
| 22183140 | Lipids | Function: energy storage, insulation, structural, endocrine (hormones/steroids) | |
| 22183141 | Fatty Acid | a hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl group at one end | |
| 22183142 | Saturated | fatty acid with only single bonds between carbons; full set of hydrogens | |
| 22183143 | Unsaturated | fatty acid with at least one double bond between carbons; formed by removing hydrogens | |
| 22183144 | Steroids | nonpolar, hydrophobic, classified as lipids, many are hormones | |
| 22183145 | Proteins | consist of elements S, P, C, O, H, & N | |
| 22183146 | Chaperone Proteins | help other proteins fold into their precise shapes | |
| 22183147 | Primary Structure | structure; amino acid sequence | |
| 22183148 | Secondary Structure | structure; intermolecular hydrogen bonding | |
| 22183149 | Tertiary Structure | structure; globular proteins, 3-D shape determines specificity, due to bonds (not H) | |
| 22183150 | Quaternary Structure | structure; consisting of more than a single chain | |
| 22183151 | Nucleic Acid | nucleotides consist of sugar, phosphate, & nitrogen base | |
| 22183152 | Amino Acid | building blocks of proteins, 20 different types, humans can synthesize 12, must ingest other 8 | |
| 22183153 | Substrate | molecule an enzyme works on; maltase catalyzes maltose | |
| 22183154 | Active Site | where enzyme and substrate bond | |
| 22183155 | Cofactors | assist enzymes; minerals | |
| 22183156 | Coenzymes | assist enzymes; vitamins | |
| 22183157 | Induced Fit Model | as a substrate enters the active site of an enzyme, it induces the enzyme to alter its shape so the two bond properly | |
| 22183158 | Competitive Inhibition | two different substrates compete; one active site | |
| 22183159 | Noncompetitive Inhibition | two active sites; when one substrate binds, other cannot | |
| 22183160 | Allosteric Inhibition | two active sites; one site for inhibitor, changes shape of other active site to become inactive | |
| 22499382 | Exergonic | reactions with a - delta G; energy releasing | |
| 22499383 | Endergonic | reactions with a + delta G; energy absorbing | |
| 22499384 | Catabolism | reactions that break down molecules | |
| 22499385 | Anabolism | reactions that build up molecules |
