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Biochemistry - AP Biology Flashcards

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7480375990Amino Acid0
7480375991Amino Group1
7480375992Carbonyl Group2
7480375993Carboxyl Group (Carboxylic Acid Group)3
7480375994Steroid4
7480375995Covalent BondType of bond formed when atoms share electrons. This strong bond does not dissolve in water.5
7480375996Disaccharide6
7480375997Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)7
7480375998Polysaccharide8
7480375999Hydrogen BondWeak bond formed by electrostatic attraction between the partial positive charge on a hydrogen atom and the partial negative charge on another atom.9
7480376000Hydroxyl Group10
7480376001Ionic BondVery strong bond formed by electrostatic attraction between positively and negatively charged atoms. Dissolves in water.11
7480376002MonosaccharideA carbohydrate containing a single sugar molecule.12
7480376003NucleotideThe monomer that forms nucleic acids like DNA and RNA. Consists of a nitrogenous base linked to a sugar and a phosphate group.13
7480376004Phosphate Group14
7480376005Protein15
7480376006Sulfhydryl Group16
7480376007Triglyceride17
7480376008Van der Waals BondExtremely weak bond formed by transient electrostatic interactions between non-polar molecules.18
7480376009MonomerA subunit that links with others in a chain to form a larger molecule (polymer).19
7480376010PolymerA large molecule make up of many smaller molecules (monomers) linked together.20
7480376011Organic MoleculeA molecule found produced by living organisms containing carbon.21
7480376012LipidA hydrophobic compound containing C and H atoms. Examples include fats, oils, steroids, and waxes.22
7480376013CarbohydrateA hydrophilic compound containing 1 C: 2 H : 1 O. Examples include sugar, starch, glycogen, and cellulose.23
7480376014PhospholipidAn amphipathic molecule with a hydrophilic "head" and hydrophobic "tail." Forms cell membranes.24
7480376015AtomThe basic unit of matter, consisting of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by an electron cloud.25
7480376016MoleculeA group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.26
7480376017ProtonA positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.27
7480376018NeutronAn uncharged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.28
7480376019ElectronA negatively charged particle orbiting the nucleus of an atom.29
7480376020Valence ElectronThe electrons in the outermost shell (main energy level) of an atom; these are the electrons involved in forming bonds.30
7480376023Hydrophilic (Polar)Charged or partially charged molecules that are miscible or soluble in water. Name means "water loving."31
7480376024Hydrophobic (Non-polar)Molecules with no charge that are not miscible or soluble in water. Name means "water hating."32
7480376025Specific HeatThe amount of energy required to change the temperature of a material. Water has a high value.33
7480376026Surface TensionA force that tends to pull adjacent parts of a liquid's surface together, thereby decreasing surface area to the smallest possible size.34
7480376027ElectronegativeTends to attract electrons. Highest for elements in the upper right corner of the periodic table.35

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