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| 2572916751 | 2-amino acid Characteristics | 1) zwitterions 2) can act as a buffer 3) characteristic isoelectric point | 0 | |
| 2572916752 | Structural features of monosaccharides | Contain a carbonyl group (C=O) and at least two -OH groups. EF: CH2O | 1 | |
| 2572923224 | Functions of Amino Acids | SHEET Structural, Hormone, Enzyme, energy storage, Transport molecules | 2 | |
| 2572946299 | Primary structure of Proteins | refers to sequence of amino acids. | 3 | |
| 2572949807 | Secondary Structure of Proteins | alpha helix, B pleated sheets Hydrogen bonding within chain is alpha helix, Hydrogen bonding between 2 chains in B pleated sheets | 4 | |
| 2572954040 | Tertiary Structures of Proteins | Gives overall shape. Interaction between R groups. Van der Waals' Dispersion Forces, Hydrogen bonding, Ionic Bonding, Disulfide Bridges. | 5 | |
| 2572960347 | Analyze Protein | Chromatography Electrophoresis Ninhydrin: The dye that allows you to see amino acid. | 6 | |
| 2573095460 | Glucose | Contains aldehyde |  | 7 |
| 2573096884 | Fructose | Keytone |  | 8 |
| 2573097921 | Galactose | Stereoisomer of glucose |  | 9 |
| 2573102432 | Structural Difference between alpha-glucose and B-glucose | We have enzymes to break alpha-glucose but not B-glucose. |  | 10 |
| 2573113635 | 2 monosaccharides form a... (condensation reaction) | disaccharide. | 11 | |
| 2573159022 | Lactose disaccharide | B-glucose + B-glucose Found in milk. | 12 | |
| 2573162327 | Maltose disaccharide | alpha-glucose + alpha-glucose Product from starch digestion. | 13 | |
| 2573168185 | Sucrose disaccharide | alpha-glucose + B-glucose Cane sugar | 14 | |
| 2573172592 | Starch (polysaccharide) | Monosacharide unit: alpha-glucose Energy storage for plants. Humans can break it down. | 15 | |
| 2573174071 | Cellulose (polysaccharide) | Monosaccharide unit: B-glucose Structural component of woody plants. | 16 | |
| 2573175723 | Glycogen (polysaccharide) | Monosaccharide unit: alpha-glucose Carbohydrate reservoir in animals. | 17 | |
| 2573181460 | Compare structural properties of starch and cellulose. Why can humans digest starch but not cellulose. | Both are polymers of glucose units. Starch has two forms amylose, which is a straight chain polymer (alpha- 1,4 linkage) and amylopectin, which is a branched structure with both alpha-1,4 and alpha-1,6 linkages. Cellulose has a B-1,4 linkage which can be hydrolyzed by the enzyme cellulase which is absent in most mammals. | 18 | |
| 2573189907 | What is Dietary Fiber? | Mainly plant material that is not hydrolyzed by enzymes secreted by the human digestive tract but may be digested by microflora in the gut. Example, cellulose. | 19 | |
| 2573192717 | Importance of Diet high in dietary fiber? | Dietary fiber may be helpful in the prevention of conditions such as constipation, obesity, hemorrhoids, diabetes, etc. | 20 | |
| 2573203087 | Why are Fiber-Rich foods recommended? | Supply vitamins and minerals. Promotes normal blood cholesterol concentrations, Maintains healthy bowel functions, Helps maintain healthy body weight. | 21 | |
| 2573206504 | Why do people have trouble digesting milk? | As they age, people lose their ability to produce lactase. This results in lactose intolerance. | 22 | |
| 2573208244 | Diabetes | Type 1: Little or no pancreatic secretion of insulin. Often diagnosed in childhood. Immune system attacks the insulin-making cells of the pancreas. Treatment: Receive an external source of insulin. (given as injections) Type 2:Pancreas makes sufficient insulin, but body resists insulin's actions. Diagnosed in adulthood. How to reduce or prevent: Maintain healthy body weight, Consume diet with lots of vegetables, fruits, fish, whole grains, restrict alcohol, no smoking. | 23 | |
| 2573220030 | Saturated vs. Unsaturated Fatty Acids | Saturated: all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. High melting points because solid at room temperature. Fats, like butter. Unsaturated: contain one or more double carbon-carbon bonds. Have kinks in chain, weak intermolecular force therefore lower melting points. Liquids at room temp. Oils. | 24 | |
| 2573224462 | Role of lipids in body | Important: Energy storage, insulation and protection of organs, steroid hormones, structural components of cell membrane Negative: Increased risk of heart disease from elevated levels of LDL. Obesity. | 25 | |
| 2573229387 | Micronutrients & Macronutrients | Micronutrients: nutrients needed in small amounts, less that 0.005% of body mass. Macronutrients: Needed in large amounts, greater than 0.005%. | 26 | |
| 2573231064 | Vitamins | Organic molecules required in the diet. Act as coenzymes. | 27 | |
| 2573232029 | Fat or Water Soluble | Fat Soluble: molecule in nonpolar (hydrophobic) Many hydrocarbons. Dispersion forces. All Dogs Eat Kibble (ADEK) are fat soluble. Water soluble: molecule is polar (hydrophilic) Contains hydroxyl structure. Hydrogen bonds. All other vitamins. | 28 | |
| 2573237175 | Benefits and Concerns of GM foods | Benefits: Crops and animals can be modified to provide more food by improving food productivity. More resistance to disease. Improved flavor. Improved nutritional value. Improved shelf-life. Anti-cancer substances can be infused. Concerns: Release of GM organisms into the environment where they could spread and compete with naturally occurring varieties. | 29 | |
| 2573244822 | Causes of malnutrition | Lack of distribution of global resources. Depletion of nutrients in soil and water cultures through soil erosion. Lack of education on a healthy diet. Use of chemical treatments. | 30 | |
| 2573246931 | Possible solutions of malnutrition | Fortification of different staple foods with micronutrients. Nutritional supplements. Improvements in nutrient content through genetic modification. Education on a balanced diet | 31 | |
| 2573249498 | Vitamin A (Fat Soluble) | Retinol. Required for production of rhodopsin. Too little: night blindness, Xeropthalmia-drying of eyes. Too much: Headaches, nausea | 32 | |
| 2573255890 | Vitamin D (Fat Soluble) | Calciferol Too little: weak bones Too much: Rickets | 33 | |
| 2573258195 | Vitamin C (Water Soluble) | Ascorbic Acid Too little: Scurvy Too much: Upset stomach, Diarrhea | 34 | |
| 2573261914 | Macronutrient deficiencies | Marasmus: Condition resulting from protein deficiences Kwashiorkor: Similar condition. Young children | 35 | |
| 2629764574 | Omega 3 & Omega 6 | Body does not make it. It is essential to have in diet. Obtained from plant and fish sources. Essential for normal growth in young children. Prevent or reduce risk of cancer, cardiovascular disease. | 36 | |
| 2629767458 | Linoleic acid | Omega 6 fatty acid because carbon carbon double double bond is on the 6th carbon | 37 | |
| 2629768858 | Linolenic | Omega 3 fatty acid because they have carbon carbon double bond is on the 3rd carbon. | 38 | |
| 2629783673 | Deducing solubility | All Dogs Eat Kibble ADEK | 39 |
