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Biochemistry Flashcards

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2818723854AtomSmallest unit of an element0
2818723855ElementA pure substance that cannot be broken down into other substances by chemical or physical means1
2818724570Valence ElectronElectrons on the outermost energy level of an atom2
2818724571CompoundA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds3
2818725590IonA charged atom4
2818725591CohesionAttraction between molecules of the same substance5
2818725592AdhesionAn attraction between molecules of different substances6
2818725593SolutionA mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.7
2818725819AcidA compound that produces hydrogen ions in a solution. A substance that tastes sour, reacts with metals and carbonates, and turns blue litmus red.8
2818725820BaseA substance that tastes bitter, feels slippery, and turns red litmus paper blue. Decreases H+ concentration.9
2818725821pHScale that measures how acidic or basic a substance is.10
2818725822SolventA liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances11
2818726019SoluteA substance that is dissolved in a solution.12
2818726020CarbohydrateClass of nutrients that includes sugars and starches13
2818726021LipidEnergy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.14
2818726279ProteinAn organic compound that is made of one or more chains of amino acids and that is a principal component of all cells15
2818726280Amino AcidBuilding blocks of proteins16
2818726281Nucleic AcidStores and transmits genetic information17
2818726475NucleotideBuilding block of DNA18
2818726476EnergyThe ability to do work19
2818726477ReactantA chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reaction20
2818726478ProductA substance produced in a chemical reaction21
2818726793Active Sitethe site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate22
2818726794EnzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing23
2818727144SubstrateA substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction.24
2818757468MoleculeA group of atoms held together by covalent bonds.25
2882585523Ionic bondA chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.26
2882589021IsotopeAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons27
2882601926NucleusA region that is located at the center of an atom and contains most of the atom's mass (protons and neutrons)28
2882606762Hydrogen BondA type of weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar covalent bond in one molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in another molecule.29

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