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| 8518879940 | Monosaccharides | Single sugar molecules (carbohydrate.) Examples include GLUCOSE, GALACTOSE, FRUCTOSE. | 0 | |
| 8518880493 | Disaccharides | A compound made by joining two simple sugars together (carbohydrate.) Examples include SUCROSE, LACTOSE, MALTOSE. | 1 | |
| 8518881877 | Polysaccharides | Large macromolecules formed from monosaccharides (carbohydrate.) Examples include GLYCOGEN, STARCH, CELLULOSE. | 2 | |
| 8518985296 | Cellulose | Found in plants, made of glucose, strength and rigidity POLYSACCHARIDE. | 3 | |
| 8518986253 | Glycogen | Found in animal muscle or liver, excess storage of sugar, broken down into glucose POLYSACCHARIDE. | 4 | |
| 8518987132 | Starch | Found in plants, stores excess sugar, broken down into glucose. | 5 | |
| 8518988459 | What macromolecule is the main source of energy for cellular work? | Carbohydrates | 6 | |
| 8518895517 | Carbohydrate | Compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms, usually in the ratio 1:2:1. | 7 | |
| 8518896907 | Proteins | Macromolecules that contain nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. A functional molecule built from one or more polypeptides. Some proteins control the rate of reactions and regulate cell processes while others transport substance in and out of the cell, help to fight disease, or form important cellular structures. | 8 | |
| 8518897489 | Amino Acids | Proteins are polymers of these molecules called amino acids. They are a compound with an amino group on one end and a carboxyl group on the other end. | 9 | |
| 8518899651 | Peptide Bonds | Covalent bonds that link amino acids together to form a polypeptide. | 10 | |
| 8518914316 | Lipids | A large and varied group of biological molecules that are generally not soluble in water. They are mostly from carbon and hydrogen atoms. Common categories include fats, oils, and waxes. Functions: 1) Stores energy for later use. 2) Cushions your organs. 3) Provide body with insulation. 4) Important part of biological membranes. 5) Waterproof coverings. 6) Chemical messengers. | 11 | |
| 8518921188 | Steroids | Steroids synthesized by the body are lipids as well. Steroids such as hormones serve as chemical messengers. Can enter nucleus and change gene expression in a cell. |  | 12 |
| 8518923386 | Fatty Acids | Many lipids are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with compounds called fatty acids. | 13 | |
| 8518924587 | Saturated | Word used when the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms. Raises bad cholesterol. Solid at room temperature. |  | 14 |
| 8518924588 | Unsaturated | Word used when there is at least one carbon-carbon double bond in a fatty acid. Tend to be liquid at room temperature. Lower cholesterol. |  | 15 |
| 8518930248 | Polysaturated | Word used when fatty acids contain more than one double bond. | 16 | |
| 8518933682 | Nucleic Acids | Macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus. Polymers assembled from individual monomers known as nucleotides. | 17 | |
| 8518936107 | Nucleotides | Consist of three parts: 1) 5 carbon sugar 2) Phosphate group 3) Nitrogenous base Functions: 1) Store and transmit genetic information. 2) Two types: RNA = ribonucleic acid & DNA = deoxyribonucleic acid | 18 | |
| 8518942784 | Activation Energy | Energy that is needed to get a reaction started. | 19 | |
| 8518943847 | Catalyst | A substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. They work by lowering a reactions activation energy. | 20 | |
| 8518944123 | Enzymes | Proteins that act as biological catalysts. They speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells. Lower activation energy! | 21 | |
| 8518944124 | Substrates | The reactants of enzyme catalyzed reactions. They bind to the site on the enzyme called the active site. The active site and the enzyme have complementary shapes, often compared to a lock and key. | 22 | |
| 8518960017 | Active Site | 23 | ||
| 8518971163 | A molecule ending in -ase is a... | Enzyme (protein) | 24 | |
| 8518988862 | A molecule ending in -ose is a... | Sugar | 25 | |
| 8518972604 | Monomer | Small molecular units. |  | 26 |
| 8518974037 | Polymers | Long chains of monomers. | | 27 |
| 8518977989 | Dehydration Synthesis | Reaction between two amino acids. Forms a polypeptide bond. Looses water. Water is released each time monomer is joined together. | 28 | |
| 8518982463 | Hydrolysis Reaction | Water is added to break bonds. | 29 | |
| 8518990796 | Functions of proteins in the human body... | 1) Controls the rate of reactions and regulates cell processes 2) Forms structures like hair and muscles 3) Help fight disease 4) Transports substances into or out of cell 5) Provides long term storage 6) Defends body from harmful organisms | 30 | |
| 8518992704 | What makes each of the 20 amino acids unique? | The R/side group | 31 | |
| 8518994628 | Hydroxyl (-OH) | Found in carbohydrates, main source of energy. |  | 32 |
| 8518995650 | Carboxyl (-COOH) | Found in proteins, builds muscle. |  | 33 |
| 8518999229 | Amino (-NH subscript 2) | Found in proteins, build muscle. |  | 34 |
| 8519006245 | Phosporlipid | Makes a lipid bilayer, found in cells. |  | 35 |
| 8519007733 | What do all lipids have in common? | They are all hydrophobic. | 36 | |
| 8519008127 | All enzymes are... | Catalysts | 37 | |
| 8519009588 | Phosphate | Found in DNA and ATP |  | 38 |
| 8519010411 | CHNOPS | Carbon and bond with many elements for life! Carbon Hydrogen Nitrogen Oxygen Phosphorus Sulfur | 39 | |
| 8519012229 | Inorganic Molecules | Non-carbon based | 40 | |
| 8519012395 | Organic Molecules | Carbon based | 41 | |
| 8519012396 | Hydrocarbons | Organic molecules composed only of carbon and hydrogen. | 42 | |
| 8519015304 | Macromolecules | "giant" molecules in living things. | 43 | |
| 8519016727 | Major Macromolecules Groups | 1) Carbohydrates 2) Lipids 3) Nucleic Acid 4) Proteins | 44 | |
| 8519027680 | An enzyme is a protein therefore... | It is sensitive to pH, temperature, and its environment. | 45 |
