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Biochemistry Flashcards

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8566813301HydrophilicWater-loving.0
8566813302HydrophobicWater-fearing.1
8566813305Surface tensionmeasure of how difficult it is to break the surface of a liquid2
8566813309Saturated fatLong carbon-hydrogen chains with all single bonds between carbon atoms.3
8566813310Unsaturated fatLong carbon-hydrogen chains with at least one double bond between carbon atoms.4
8566813319Covalent bondsharing electrons between two atoms5
8566830156radioactive decaynucleus breaks apart to become more stable and releases a lot of radiation6
8566983848ionwhen an atom accepts or donates an electron, it becomes charges, making it an ___7
8567148427cationions with a positive8
8567151116anionions with a negative charge9
8567158966ionic bondions are held together by electrical attractions between opposite charges10
8567198615covalent bonds2 atoms share valence electrons; 1 pair: single bond, 2 pairs: double bond, 3 pairs: triple bond11
8567223810polar moleculesresults when electrons are unequal/unevenly shared (when one side is more positive/negative)12
8567233092Hydrogen bondsweak bonds created between molecules due to the attraction of opposite partial charges13
8567266936ice is less dense than waterhydrogen bonds hold water molecules farther apart in ice14
8567271495cohesionwater molecules are attracted to each other15
8567283347adhesionattraction of water to molecules of other substances16
8567288402capillary actioncohesion and adhesion result in upward movement of water against gravity17
8567447173homogeneoussolution in which solutes dissolve in solvents18
8567451151heterogeneoussuspension in which different components can be seen19
8567462964specific heat capacityamount of heat needed to increase the temperature by 1C20
8567471590pHtells the concentration of H+ ions in a solution (acidity)21
8589777709acidspH below 7 (the more H+, the more acidic)22
8589789046basespH above 7 (the more OH-, the more basic23
8589794772buffersweak acids or bases that react with strong acids or bases24
8589807894neutrallife processes occur in this pH25
8589822296organic moleculescarbs, lipids, and proteins26
8589827165organic compoundscontain carbon and hydrogen27
8589831247monomersmall units28
8589839429polymermacromolecule29
8589848308organic macromoleculesCarohydrates(CHO), Lipids(CHO), Proteins(CHON), Nucleic Acids(CHONP)30
8589854244Carbohdratesimmediate source of energy for living things31
8589871170monosaccharidesimple sugar molecules32
8589873632disaccharidetwo simple sugar molecules33
8589876535polysaccharidemore than 2 monosaccharides34
8589878758lipidsnonpolar molecules that are important parts of membranes and coverings and are good for storing energy35
8589889105proteinsmade up of amino acids which are coded by DNA, they determine shape and growth and do EVERYTHING36
8589896993amino acid37
8589902294dipeptide2 amino acids together38
8589904271polypeptidemore than 2 amino acids together(protein)39
8589909199nucleic acidspolymers that contain CHONP; responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information40
8589934462dehydration synthesistwo monomers are joined by removing a water molecule41
8589936977hydrolysisa polymer is broken apart by adding a water molecule42
8589944337anabolicendothermic43
8589946504catabolicexothermic44
8589948799activation energythe energy needed to start a reaction45
8589951063catalystsenzymes that speed up the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy46
8589958469enzymesproteins that act as biological catalysts47

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