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| 9048265614 | Organic | Scientifically, referring to compounds containing bonds between carbon atoms. | 0 | |
| 9048274523 | 4 | How many valence electrons does carbon have? | 1 | |
| 9048282353 | Bonding (carbon's 4 valence electrons allow it to form strong bonds with many other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, sulfur, and nitrogen - together, these elements form the molecules of life) | What is the importance of carbon and its number of valence electrons? | 2 | |
| 9048298371 | Functional Group | The group of atoms that give a molecule its functions and which participate in a chemical reaction. | 3 | |
| 9048307906 | Carbohydrates, Lipids, Nucleic Acids, and Proteins | What are the four types of organic molecules? | 4 | |
| 9048311188 | Monomer | Smaller units of macromolecules that come together to form polymers. | 5 | |
| 9048324758 | Polymer | Large compounds of macromolecules which consist of more than one monomer. Formed through dehydration and split up through hydrolysis. | 6 | |
| 9048334447 | Dehydration | The process by which water is removed from a group of monomers, causing them to join and form a polymer. (water is an individual product) | 7 | |
| 9048340997 | Hydrolysis | The process by which water is added to a polymer, causing it to divide into smaller units of monomers. (water is a reactant) | 8 | |
| 9048354633 | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen | Which three elements compose carbohydrates? | 9 | |
| 9048368487 | 1:2:1 | In carbohydrates, what is the ratio between the composing elements? (carbon : hydrogen : oxygen) | 10 | |
| 9048372134 | Glucose | A monosaccharide that is found in blood sugar. | 11 | |
| 9048374561 | Fructose | A monosaccharide that is found in fruits. | 12 | |
| 9048377137 | Sucrose | A disaccharide that is created by joining together two simple sugars. Found in table sugar. | 13 | |
| 9048385014 | Lactose | A disaccharide found in milk sugar. | 14 | |
| 9048391141 | Starch | A polysaccharide used by plants to store excess sugar and energy. | 15 | |
| 9048394599 | Glycogen | A polysaccharide that usually stores excess sugar. Broken into glucose when levels are low, stored in muscles, and provides energy for movement IN HUMANS. | 16 | |
| 9048408335 | Cellulose | A flexible polysaccharide that gives plants strength and rigidity. A major component of wood and paper. Found in the plant cell wall. | 17 | |
| 9048419418 | Chitin | A polysaccharide found in exoskeletons such as crab shells and insect coverings. | 18 | |
| 9048432835 | Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen | Which three elements compose lipids? | 19 | |
| 9048441376 | Lipids have far more than 2 hydrogen atoms for every atom of carbon or oxygen. | In terms of the ratio between composing elements, what sets lipids apart from carbohydrates? | 20 | |
| 9048463906 | Lipids | Used to store energy in the long term, compose most of the cell membrane, compose waxy and waterproof coverings, and compose steroids such as hormones. | 21 | |
| 9048477123 | Triglyceride | A typical fat and the monomer of lipids. | 22 | |
| 9048488491 | Consists of a glycerol head and 3 fatty acid tails. | What is the structure of a triglyceride? | 23 | |
| 9048503482 | Saturated | Referring to compounds or fatty acids in which all carbon-carbon bonds are single bonds. | 24 | |
| 9048503483 | Unsaturated | Referring to compounds or fatty acids in which at least one carbon-carbon bond is a double bond. | 25 | |
| 9048533780 | Straight | If a triglyceride is saturated, its tails will be...? | 26 | |
| 9048539657 | Not Straight (squiggly) | If a triglyceride is unsaturated, its tails will be...? | 27 | |
| 9048546456 | Solid | The state of a saturated fat at room temperature. (ex. butter) | 28 | |
| 9048549694 | Liquid | The state of an unsaturated fat at room temperature. (ex. corn oil) | 29 | |
| 9048563688 | Animal | Type of organism in which saturated fats are found. | 30 | |
| 9048570042 | Plant | Type of organism in which unsaturated fats are found. | 31 | |
| 9048576780 | Cell Membrane | In which part of the cell are phospholipids found? | 32 | |
| 9048585899 | Consists of a hydrophilic (likes water) phosphate head and 2 hydrophobic ("afraid of water") fatty acid tails. | What is the structure of a phospholipid? | 33 | |
| 9048602398 | Cholesterol, Estrogen, and Testosterone | What are three examples of steroids? | 34 | |
| 9048624263 | This allows the head to interact with water while the tails cannot, hence allowing the phospholipid to orientate itself and form a bilayer. | Why are the heads of a phospholipid hydrophilic while the tails are hydrophobic? | 35 | |
| 9048645407 | Nucleotides | The monomers of nucleic acids. | 36 | |
| 9048649391 | DNA and RNA | The two polymers of nucleic acids. | 37 | |
| 9048651983 | DNA | A nucleic acid whose function is to store and transmit genetic information. | 38 | |
| 9048655811 | RNA | A nucleic acid whose function is to produce and synthesize proteins. | 39 | |
| 9048667086 | A sugar, a phosphate, and a nitrogen base. | What are the three components of a DNA nucleotide (components of any nucleic acid)? | 40 | |
| 9048688276 | Adenine | In a DNA molecule, thymine links with...? | 41 | |
| 9048690735 | Guanine | In a DNA molecule, cytosine links with...? | 42 | |
| 9048696339 | ATP | A nucleic acid that plays an important role in capturing and transferring chemical energy and driving chemical reactions in the body. | 43 | |
| 9048720377 | Amino Acid | The monomer of proteins. | 44 | |
| 9048734501 | Support | First function of proteins that involves composing body structures such as hair, nails, ligaments, etc. | 45 | |
| 9048734503 | Enzymes | Second function of proteins that involves speeding up the chemical reactions in the body. | 46 | |
| 9048738404 | Transport | Third function of proteins that involves moving materials in and out of cells. | 47 | |
| 9048738405 | Defense | Fourth function of proteins that involves fighting disease with the use of antibodies. | 48 | |
| 9048738406 | Hormones | Fifth function of proteins that involves keeping the body under control with the use of such material as insulin. | 49 | |
| 9048741250 | Motion | Sixth function of proteins that involves supporting muscles and movement. | 50 | |
| 9048768877 | Peptide Bonds | The type of bonds that are formed among amino acids. | 51 | |
| 9048774555 | Polypeptide(s) | Another term for proteins referring to a long chain of amino acids. | 52 | |
| 9048792909 | Amino Group, Carboxyl Group, and R Group | What are the three components of an amino acid (groups)? | 53 | |
| 9048796274 | R(emainder) Group | Component of amino acids consisting of a certain element. | 54 | |
| 9048814035 | Amino Group | Component of amino acids consisting of a nitrogen atom linked to two hydrogen atoms. | 55 | |
| 9051488819 | Carboxyl Group | Component of amino acids consisting of a carbon atom linked to a compound of oxygen and hydrogen and an atom of oxygen. | 56 | |
| 9051501683 | It distinguishes the amino acid from other amino acids. | What is the importance of the R group in an amino acid? | 57 | |
| 9051510359 | 20 | How many different amino acids exist that are used to build proteins in organisms? | 58 | |
| 9051518368 | The protein changes in shape and function (becomes another protein!). | What happens when the order of amino acids in a protein is changed? | 59 | |
| 9053207685 | Carbohydrates | Examples include pasta, bread, starch, sugars, and cell walls. | 60 | |
| 9053211061 | Proteins | Examples include meat, fish, peanut butter, nuts, milk, eggs, muscles, and enzymes. | 61 | |
| 9053220902 | Fats, Oils, and Waxes | What are the three types of lipids? | 62 | |
| 9053236032 | To provide a source of immediate energy and compose some plant and animal structures. | What is the primary function of carbohydrates? | 63 | |
| 9053249179 | To provide a source of long term energy, compose some membranes and waxy coverings, and make up steroid hormones in the body. | What is the primary function of lipids? | 64 | |
| 9053257231 | Carbohydrates | Note the presence of a carbon atom at each corner of the hexagon. |  | 65 |
| 9053257232 | Lipids |  | 66 | |
| 9053257233 | Nucleic Acids |  | 67 | |
| 9053259496 | Proteins |  | 68 | |
| 9153152354 | Simple Sugar(s) | The monomers/building blocks of carbohydrates. | 69 | |
| 9153161665 | Substrate | A molecule upon which the enzyme acts. | 70 | |
| 9153163681 | Enzyme | A substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction. | 71 | |
| 9153168758 | Temperate, pH, and Concentration (of Substrate and Enzyme) | What three factors influence the rate of a reaction when using enzymes? | 72 | |
| 9153171598 | Activation Energy | The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction that is lowered by an enzyme. | 73 | |
| 9153173578 | Metabolism | All of the physical and chemical reactions in an organism used to obtain and use energy. | 74 | |
| 9153184294 | Catalyst | Substances used to speed up the rate of a chemical reaction which are not used up themselves. | 75 | |
| 9153186991 | Denaturation | When the 3-dimensional molecular structure of the active site is modified and misfolded, especially by heat or pH, so as to destroy some of the original properties (shape) and biological activity and prevent the enzyme from further bonding with the substrate or carrying out its function. | 76 | |
| 9153198377 | Nucleic Acids | Macromolecules consisting of CHONP (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Phosphorous). | 77 | |
| 9153201770 | Proteins | Macromolecules consisting of CHON (Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen). | 78 | |
| 9153209514 | Proteins | Enzymes are this type of macromolecule. | 79 | |
| 9153221332 | Carbohydrates | Functions include short-term energy storage, composing exoskeletons, and composing the plant cell wall. | 80 | |
| 9153229351 | Nucleic Acids | Functions include storing and transmitting genetic information (DNA) and producing proteins (RNA). | 81 | |
| 9153237597 | As enzyme concentration increases, the rate of reaction increases proportionally until the amount of substrate limits further increase in the reaction speed. | How does enzyme concentration affect the rate of reaction? | 82 | |
| 9153246144 | At very low temperatures, the rate of reaction is very slow as molecular movement is little and there is a lack of connection and contact between the enzyme and substrate. The rate of reaction peaks at about 35 degrees Celsius. At very high temperatures, the rate of reaction is slow if existent at all because the enzyme is denatured. | How does temperature affect rate of reaction/enzyme activity? | 83 | |
| 9153265386 | Generally, the rate of reaction is very low if existent at all at very high and low levels of pH because the enzyme is denatured. However, every enzyme is unique and has a different optimal pH at which its function is maximized. | How does pH affect the rate of reaction/enzyme activity? | 84 | |
| 9153277922 | Acidic | At what level of pH do the enzymes in your stomach function the best? | 85 | |
| 9153277923 | Neutral | At what level of pH do the enzymes in your mouth function the best? | 86 | |
| 9153277924 | Basic | At what level of pH do the enzymes in your liver and other organs function the best? | 87 | |
| 9153288646 | Active Site | The unique empty space in an enzyme which is filled by a substrate in order to start a chemical reaction. | 88 | |
| 9153294813 | Each enzyme has a differently shaped active site that can only bind with a specific, similarly shaped substrate. | Why are enzymes very specific? | 89 | |
| 9161918776 | Water, Glucose, Sucrose, Protein | Order the following from smallest to largest: sucrose, protein, water, and glucose. | 90 | |
| 9161930564 | There are at least 20 types of amino acids that can compose proteins, offering significant variety. | Why are there millions of proteins? | 91 | |
| 9161943898 | Slow metabolism by blocking the enzyme's active site. | What will a molecule do that has the same shape as the substrate of an enzyme? | 92 | |
| 9161955499 | Our bodies do not produce the enzymes that have the necessary active sites to bind to cellulose and break it down. | Why can't we digest cellulose? | 93 |
