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Biochemistry Flashcards

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5035903028Molecules composed of thousands of atoms: the four main classes being carbohydrates, lipids, prteins, and nucleic acidsMacromolecules0
5035903029Chainlike molecules consisting of monomersPolymer1
5035903030Make up polymersMonomer2
5035903031Removing water to bond monomers together to create a polymerDehydration Synthesis3
5035903032Adding water to break polymers apart to create monomersHydrolysis4
5035903033A macromolecule made up of C, H and O, with a 2:1 ratio between the hydrogen and oxygen.Carbohydrates5
5035903034Simple sugars with 1 ring: Provides immediate energy, classified by the amount of carbons. Ex. glucose, fructose, galactoseMonosaccharides6
5035903035Double sugars with 2 rings, ex. sucroseDisaccharides7
5035903036Polymers, with many rings. Acts as an energy storage macromolecule, building materials for cells or whole organisms. ex, glycogen, starch and cellulosePolysaccharides8
5035903037glucose, fructose, galactoseExamples of monosaccharides9
5035903038SucroseExamples of disacharrides10
5035903039Macromolecule that dislikes water (hydrophobic), examples fats, oils and waxesLipids11
5035903040Hydrocarbon chain found in LipidsGlycerol12
5035903041Part of a lipid attached to glycerolFatty Acid13
5035903042Fatty acids with single bonds. Solid at room temperature.Saturated fatty acids14
5035903043Fatty acids with double and single bonds. Liquid at room temperature.Unsaturated fatty acids15
5035903044A type of lipid used as signals in the cells. ex., cholesterolSteroid16
5035903045Built up of 20 types of amino acids, which can unravel or denature in response to changes in pH, salt concentration, and temperature because they disrupt the bonds between parts of the proteinProteins17
5035903046monomer for building proteins, bonded by peptide bondsAmino acid18
5035903047proteins that speed up the rate of reactions, but are not consumed by the reaction. Lowers the activation energy of a reaction, and makes it easier to perform these reactions.Enzymes19
5035903048A reactant that binds to an enzymeSubstrate20
5035903049A pocket/groove on the surface of a protein on the surface of the protein into which the substrate fits. The substrate is held to this area through weak interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or Van der Waals.Active Site21
5035903050amount of energy needed to get a reaction going, enzymes lower the activation energyActivation Energy22
5035903051An organic compound made up of a pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen base. Ex. DNA and RNANucleic Acids23
5035903052The building blocks of nucleic acidsNucleotide24
5035903053nucleic acid25
5035903054protein26
5035903055carbohydrate27
5035903056lipid28
5035903057What element can bond with up to 4 other elements?Carbon29
5035903058What 3 factors affect the rate of a reaction involving an enzyme?Temperature, pH and concentration of enzyme30
5035903059Role of lipidslong term energy storage31
5035903060What can be found in the nucleus of an atom?protons and neutrons32

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