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| 4877492217 | Organic compounds | Contain carbon atoms that are covalently bonded to one another | 0 | |
| 4877496288 | Polymers | Include carbohydrates, nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. They are large biomolecules that are often made up of smaller units called monomers |  | 1 |
| 4877502413 | Carbohydrates | Known as carbs, sugars, or saccharides. Made up of elements C, H, and O, usually in a 1:2:1 ratio. | 2 | |
| 4877507927 | Monosaccharide | One sugar or one monomer (ex: glucose and fructose) | 3 | |
| 4877514562 | Isomer | Same formula, different 3-dimensional structure. |  | 4 |
| 4877518414 | Sucrose | Glucose + Fructose |  | 5 |
| 4877521769 | Dehydration synthesis reaction | Removing a water molecule |  | 6 |
| 4877524242 | Amylopectin | Branched starch |  | 7 |
| 4877525666 | Glucose | Hexagonal ring |  | 8 |
| 4877533179 | Fructose | Pentagonal ring |  | 9 |
| 4877534850 | Enantiomer | Mirror image isomers |  | 10 |
| 4877539095 | Disaccharide | Two sugars | 11 | |
| 4877540904 | Polysaccharide | Hundreds or thousands of sugars | 12 | |
| 4877545236 | Starch | Chemical energy storage molecule in plants | 13 | |
| 4877546406 | Glycogen | Molecules used by animals to store chemical energy in the liver or muscles. Turns sugar in blood into tissues. | 14 | |
| 4877553217 | Cellulose | A strong building block in plants that forms cell walls. We get vitamins and minerals rather than energy out of this. | 15 | |
| 4877559114 | Chitin | Forms strong outer covering in insects, crustaceans, and arachnids | 16 | |
| 4877561857 | Lipids | Nonpolar molecules that are made of C, H, and O (mostly C and H) in a ratio that is 1:2: very few. Can be in waxes, such as water repellent for insects, plants, or feathers. Phospholipids make up cell membranes. Some of these make up steroid hormones that are used as chemical signals in the body (estrogen and testosterone). | 17 | |
| 4877570673 | Triglycerides | Fats that store large amounts of chemical energy- around twice as much as a carbohydrate. These are made of glycerol that is attached to 3 fatty acids. | 18 | |
| 4877585009 | Saturated triglycerides | Fatty acids that are saturated with hydrogen made of animal fats. These are solid at room temperature and are known as "bad fats". |  | 19 |
| 4877586521 | Unsaturated triglycerides | These are plant oils that are liquid at room temperature and are called "good fats".` |  | 20 |
| 4877590071 | Proteins | Made up of monomers called amino acids. These amino acids contain C, H, O, and N and are linked together by peptide bonds. | 21 | |
| 4877622771 | Amino acids | Make up proteins. These are linked together by peptide bonds. There are 20 necessary _________ _______ for humans, but we can only produce 12 of them. | 22 | |
| 4877628294 | Peptide bond | Strong covalent bond between two amino acids. These are always between a carboxyl group and an amino group. | 23 | |
| 4877634671 | Insulin | A hormone secreted by the pancreas that helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood. This is a type of glucose hormone. | 24 | |
| 4877641528 | Lactase | An enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of lactose (sugar found in milk). Some adults lose the ability to produce this, which results in lactose intolerance. | 25 | |
| 4877649365 | -ase | Suffix for enzymes | 26 | |
| 4877651005 | Structural proteins | Make spider silk, hair, horns, and feathers. | 27 | |
| 4877652889 | Transport proteins | Transport nutrients and oxygen. | 28 | |
| 4877655765 | Hemoglobin | A protein complex that binds to oxygen in red blood cells. | 29 | |
| 4877659549 | Antibodies | Disease-fighting immune proteins in your immune system that recognize and destroy foreign invaders. | 30 | |
| 4942329171 | Nucleic Acid | Made of monomers called nucleotides. Most are used to transmit hereditary information in the form of DNA. Made of C,H,O,N,P. | 31 | |
| 4942346435 | ATP | A chemical energy storage molecule. | 32 | |
| 4942350435 | Chemical reaction | Changing one type of molecule into another by making or breaking bonds. These convert reactants to products. | 33 | |
| 4942360522 | Reactant | Substance that is changed in a reaction. | 34 | |
| 4942365899 | Product | Substance that is created in a reaction. | 35 | |
| 4942370507 | Exothermic reaction | Reaction in which more energy is released than the amount that is absorbed. Products have a lower bond energy than the reactants. The extra energy that is produced is given off as either heat or light. Examples are burning, water freezing, cellular respiration, and instant heat packs. |  | 36 |
| 4942389371 | Endothermic reaction | Reaction in which more energy is absorbed than the amount that is released. Products have a higher bond energy than the reactants. Examples are water boiling, photosynthesis, and ice melting. |  | 37 |
| 4942420295 | Activation energy | The amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction. | 38 | |
| 4942427769 | Enzymes | Molecules that lower activation energy. They catalyze biological reactions. These lower the activation energy by bringing reactants together, holding reactants in the correct position, and straining bonds within each reactant. Most of these are proteins with names that end in -ase. | 39 | |
| 4942458498 | Anabolic enzymes | Enzymes that build things up. | 40 | |
| 4942465982 | Catabolic enzymes | Enzymes that break things down. | 41 | |
| 4942473162 | Lock-and-key | Enzymes and substrates fit together perfectly. There is a high degree of similarity between the shape of the substrate and the geometry of the binding site on the enzyme. |  | 42 |
| 4942476489 | Induced fit | Substrate induces a change in the shape of the enzyme to form a bond. The binding of the substrate induces the conformation of the enzyme. |  | 43 |
| 4942509839 | Pepsin | The substance that breaks up peptide bonds. | 44 | |
| 4942513784 | Denaturing | When proteins cannot do their jobs because they have changed shape. | 45 | |
| 4942521478 | Atom | The smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. The nucleus contains protons and neutrons. | 46 | |
| 4942530517 | Covalent bonds | Atoms share electrons to fill valence shells. |  | 47 |
| 4942535211 | Ionic bonds | Atoms lose or gain electrons to fill valence shell. |  | 48 |
| 4942543326 | Ion | Atom or group of atoms with a positive (cation) or negative (anion) charge. | 49 | |
| 4942644861 | Element | Made of atoms with the same number of protons. | 50 | |
| 4942651572 | Molecule | A group of atoms held together by covalent bonding. | 51 | |
| 4942655615 | Compound | A molecule containing two or more elements. | 52 | |
| 4942660942 | Polar molecule | Has one side with a slight positive charge and one side with a slight negative charge due to uneven bonding. In these, electrons are not evenly shared by the atoms. | 53 | |
| 4942677808 | Nonpolar molecule | Has no net charge. These are unable to bond with polar molecules. | 54 | |
| 4942687948 | Hydrogen bonds | The hydrogen-containing region of a polar molecule that is attracted to the negative region of another polar molecule. These bonds are weaker than covalent and ionic. | 55 | |
| 4943545577 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same type. | 56 | |
| 4943550341 | Adhesion | Attraction between unlike molecules. | 57 | |
| 4943559031 | Solution | When any one substance is dissolved into another. | 58 | |
| 4943561795 | Solute | The substance of which there is less. This substance dissolves into the other. | 59 | |
| 4943570129 | Solvent | The substance of which there is a greater amount. | 60 | |
| 4943573780 | Acids | Substances that release hydrogen ions into water when dissolved into water. These have a pH of less than 7. | 61 | |
| 4943585009 | Bases | Substances that accept hydrogen ions of form hydroxide ions in water. These have a pH of greater than 7 and are usually bitter and slippery. | 62 | |
| 4943595645 | pH scale | Based on the percentage of hydrogen ions in a solution. | 63 | |
| 4943601182 | Hydrofilic | Polar substances that can dissolve in water. | 64 | |
| 4943606567 | Hydrophobic | Nonpolar substances that are being pushed out of water by its cohesive substances. | 65 |
