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Biochemistry Flashcards

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7655157390acidA substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.0
7655160196baseA substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.1
7655163358covalent bondA chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule2
7655165915enzymeA type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing3
7655167502glycogenExtremely branched polymer of glucose.4
7655171617isotopeAtoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons5
7655173787moleculeA group of atoms bonded together6
7655176565nucleusControl center of the cell7
7655178602polymerA covalent compound made up of many small, repeating units linked together in a chain.8
7655180599starchstorage form of glucose in plants9
7655183911active siteA pocket or groove on the surface of the enzyme.10
7655185899carbohydrateA sugar in the form of a monosaccharide, disaccharide or polysaccharide. Broken down to simple sugars11
7655195313dehydration synthesisCondensation reaction where molecules are connected by loss of a water molecule.12
7655198818enzyme-substrate complexA temporary complex formed when an enzyme binds to its substrate molecule(s).13
7655203631hydrolysisBreaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water14
7655205467lipidA fatty substance that does not dissolve in water15
7655209489monosaccharideA single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar.16
7655213477organic compoundCompounds that contain carbon17
7655216509polysaccharideLong chains of linked monosaccharides.18
7655218495substrateA specific reactant acted upon by an enzyme19
7655221653amino acidBuilding blocks of protein20
7655223937celluloseA substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms21
7655226193disaccharideA carbohydrate compound consisting of two sugar molecules joined together.22
7655227898fatty acidsBuilding Blocks of Lipids23
7655232408ionA charged atom24
7655234254metabolismAll of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism25
7655237305nucleic acida long chain of smaller molecules called nucleotides; DNA and RNA26
7655240905pH levelMeasure of how acidic or basic a substance is27
7655250739proteinNutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues28
7655253804atomthe basic unit of a chemical element.29
7655256689compoundA substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds30
7655258579elementA pure substance made of only one kind of atom31
7655261206glycerolA three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils.32
7655265621ionic bondA chemical bond resulting from the attraction between oppositely charged ions.33
7655268449mixtureA combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined34
7655271338nucleotidea molecule made of a nitrogen base, a sugar, and a phosphate group35
7655277463peptide bondThe covalent bond between two amino acid units, formed by a dehydration reaction.36
7655279740solutionA mixture that forms when one substance dissolves another.37

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