Sapling BIology Ch 2 - Chemistry of Life
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| 5169213484 | matter | anything composed of atoms | 0 | |
| 5169213485 | element | A collection of atoms that all have the same number of protons. | 1 | |
| 5169213486 | compound | A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds |  | 2 |
| 5169213487 | molecule | 2 or more atoms held together by covalent bonds |  | 3 |
| 5169213488 | solid | A state of matter that has a definite shape and a definite volume. |  | 4 |
| 5169213489 | liquid | A state of matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape. |  | 5 |
| 5169213490 | gas | A state of matter with no definite shape or volume |  | 6 |
| 5169213491 | organic compound | Compounds that contain carbon (except: CO & CO2) | 7 | |
| 5169213492 | hydrocarbon | Compounds composed of only carbon and hydrogen | 8 | |
| 5169213493 | polar molecule | Molecule in which opposite ends have opposite electric charges |  | 9 |
| 5169213494 | hydrogen bond | Bond created by the weak attraction of a slightly positive hydrogen atom to a slightly negative portion of another molecule |  | 10 |
| 5169213495 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance |  | 11 |
| 5169213496 | Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances |  | 12 |
| 5169213497 | macromolecule | A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules | 13 | |
| 5169213498 | polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds |  | 14 |
| 5169213499 | monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | 15 | |
| 5169213500 | carbohydrates | Composed of CHO in 1:2:1 ratio. Main source of energy in your diet |  | 16 |
| 5169213501 | monosaccharide | A single sugar molecule such as glucose or fructose, the simplest type of sugar. |  | 17 |
| 5169213502 | disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. |  | 18 |
| 5169213503 | polysaccharide | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides |  | 19 |
| 5169213504 | disaccharide examples | sucrose, maltose, lactose | 20 | |
| 5169213505 | monosaccaride examples | glucose, fructose, galactose | 21 | |
| 5169213506 | polysaccharide examples | starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin | 22 | |
| 5169213507 | protein | Amino acids joined by peptide bonds which make up structures and carry out functions of an organism. CHONS | 23 | |
| 5169213508 | amino acid | Building blocks (monomers) of protein |  | 24 |
| 5169213509 | dipeptide | A combination of two amino acids united by means of a peptide bond. |  | 25 |
| 5169213510 | polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. |  | 26 |
| 5169213511 | primary structure of protein | The sequence of amino acids bonded with peptide bonds | | 27 |
| 5169213512 | secondary stucture of protein | results from hydrogen bonds developing between atoms at different parts of the chain causing helix or pleated sheet |  | 28 |
| 5169213513 | tertiary structure of protein | How the chain folds into three dimensions - due to interactions between the R groups of distant amino acids - due to disulfide-bridges |  | 29 |
| 5169213514 | quarternary structure of protein | overall protein structure, combining 2 or more polypeptides |  | 30 |
| 5169213515 | nucleic acids | C, H, O, N, P - contain genetic information | 31 | |
| 5169213516 | nucleotide | A monomer of nucleic acid formed from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. |  | 32 |
| 5169213517 | nucleic acid polymers | DNA & RNA |  | 33 |
| 5169213518 | Lipid | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of CHO | 34 | |
| 5169213519 | triglyceride | A molecule made up of three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol; Does energy storage, thermal insulation, binds and cushions organs, fills space |  | 35 |
| 5169213520 | phospholipid | A lipid that contains phosphorus and that is a structural component in cell membranes |  | 36 |
| 5169213521 | fatty acid chain | Make up saturated fat, carbon surrounded by hydrogens |  | 37 |
| 5169213522 | glycerol | A three-carbon alcohol to which fatty acids are covalently bonded to make fats and oils. |  | 38 |
| 5169213523 | hydrophilic | "water-loving"; pertaining to polar or charged molecules (or parts of molecules) that are soluble in water |  | 39 |
| 5169213524 | hydrophobic | "Water-fearing"; pertaining to nonpolar molecules (or parts of molecules) that do not dissolve in water. | | 40 |
| 5169213525 | chemical reaction | A change in which one or more substances are converted into new substances | 41 | |
| 5169213526 | reactant | A starting material in a chemical reaction | 42 | |
| 5169213527 | product | An ending material in a chemical reaction. | 43 | |
| 5169213528 | dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |  | 44 |
| 5169213529 | hydrolysis | Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water |  | 45 |
| 5169213530 | catalyst | a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected | 46 | |
| 5169213531 | enzyme | A type of protein that speeds up a chemical reaction in a living thing (a biological catalyst) |  | 47 |
| 5169213532 | activation energy | Energy needed to get a reaction started |  | 48 |
| 5169213533 | substrate | A substance on which an enzyme acts during a chemical reaction. | | 49 |
| 5169213534 | active site | The site on an enzyme that attaches to a substrate |  | 50 |
