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biochemistry Flashcards

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8823665595atomthe basic unit of a chemical element, smallest particle of an element0
8823667821ionic bondgive or take transfer of electrons1
8823667822electronfound outside of the nucleus, has a negative charge and weighs 1/1,836 amu2
8823670947covalent bondelectrons shared between atoms3
8823673142elementsubstance that cant be broken down further4
8823675339compoundtwo or more elements combined5
8823675340hydrogen bondbond between two hydrogen atoms6
8823677951solutionall components in mixture evenly distributed7
8823677952pH scalea scale based on how acidic or basic a liquid is8
8823681119cohesionattraction of molecules of same substance9
8823681120solutethe substance that is dissolved10
8823691072acida chemical substance, having a substance lower then 711
8823691073adhesionattraction of molecules of different substances12
8823693363solventthe substance in which the solute dissolves13
8823693364basethe starting14
8823697201mixturea material designed by two or more elements or compounds physically mixed together15
8823697202suspensionmixture of water and non dissolved material16
8823697203buffera solution that resists changes in pH when acid or alkali is added to it. Buffers typically involve a weak acid or alkali together with one of its salts.17
8823700237monomera molecule that can be bonded to other identical molecules to form a polymer.18
8823700238nucleic acida complex organic substance present in living cells, especially DNA or RNA, whose molecules consist of many nucleotides linked in a long chain.19
8823703087polymera substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded together, e.g., many synthetic organic materials used as plastics and resins.20
8823703103nucleotidea compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group. Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as DNA.21
8823706188carbohydrateany of a large group of organic compounds occurring in foods and living tissues and including sugars, starch, and cellulose. They contain hydrogen and oxygen in the same ratio as water (2:1) and typically can be broken down to release energy in the animal body.22
8823708197proteinany of a class of nitrogenous organic compounds that consist of large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids and are an essential part of all living organisms, especially as structural components of body tissues such as muscle, hair, collagen, etc., and as enzymes and antibodies.23
8823711615monosaccharideany of the class of sugars (e.g., glucose) that cannot be hydrolyzed to give a simpler sugar.24
8823711616amino acida simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (—COOH) and an amino (—NH2) group.25
8823714016lipidany of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.26
8823714017chemical reactionsomething that can not go back like baking a cake27
8823717159catalysta substance that increases the rate of a chemical reaction without itself undergoing any permanent chemical change.28
8823717160reactiona process in which one or more substances, the reactants, are converted to one or more different substances, the products29
8823721629enzymea substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.30
8823721630producta substance produced during a natural, chemical, or manufacturing process.31
8823724570substratea substance or layer that underlies something, or on which some process occurs, in particular.32
8823728378activation energythe minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.33

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